大部的類神經網路均為解決特定問題而設計，並非真正去模擬人腦的功能 ，在本論文中介紹一個模擬人類學習方式的類神經網路，稱為推理類神經 網路（The Reasoning Neural Network），其主要兩個組成為強記（ cram -ming）及推理（reasoning）部份，透過彈性的組合這兩個部份可 使類神經網路具有類似人類的學習程序。在本論文中介紹其中一個學習程 序並用四個實驗來評估推理類神經網路的績效，從實結果得知，推理類神 經網路能以合理的隱藏節點數（hidden nodes）達到學習的目標，並建立 一個網路內部表示方式（internal representation），及具有好的推理 能力（g eneralization ability）。 / Most of artification Neural Networks are designed to resolve spe -cific problems, rather than to model the brain. The Reasoning N -eural Network (RNN) that imitates the way of human learning is presented here. Two key components of RNN are the cramming and t -he reasoning. These components coulds be arranged flexibly to a -chieve the human-like learning procedure. One edition of the RNN used in experiments is introduces, and four different proble -ms are used to evaluate the RNN's performance. From simulation results, the RNN accomplishes the goal of learning with a reason -able number of hidden nodes, and evolves a good internal repres -entation and a generalization ability.

本研究的主要目的有二：一為探討多媒體軟體使用者介面的螢幕標示效果 與使用者反應時間之間的關係，另一為探討多媒體軟體使用者介面的螢幕 標示效果與使用者主觀態度之間的關係。實驗中根據物件文字標示與表徵 圖文字標示兩個變數，分為實驗組與控制組，其中實驗組具備物件文字標 示與表徵圖文字標示，而控制組則不具備物件文字標示與表徵圖文字標示 。本實證研究中，對二百零三位大學商學院一、二年級生進行測試，包括 線上雛型系統軟體測試與使用者主觀評估問卷兩部份。其中線上雛型系統 軟體測試的主要收集資料為使用者反應時間，而使用者主觀評估問卷則收 集系統內記憶性問題及使用者主觀態度等資料。研究進行方法如下：．依 學生隨機安排在電腦教室內上機，由預先安裝好的軟體來決定實驗組與控 制組。．首先系統將顯示中文之遊戲說明，以及各功能鍵所代表之意義， 使用者按滑鼠鍵即可進入遊戲。．於遊戲結束後，系統以自動方式展示一 段與先前系統不同的示範，在實驗組中，系統提供的是不具圖件文字標示 ╱表徵圖文字標示的展示，而在控制組中，系統提供的是具備圖件文字標 示╱表徵圖文字標示的展示。 ．自動展示停止之後，使用者始填答問 卷。 ．進行問卷評估與線上資料收集。實證研究結果顯示，在使 用者反應時間方面，實驗組與控制組之間確實有顯著差異 (P = 0.01)， 而在使用者性別與使用者年級方面， 使用者反應時間的差異性則並不明 顯 ( P of GRADE = 0.3348, P of GENDER = 0.2975)。至於主觀評 估問卷方面，大部分受測者皆肯定螢幕上圖件文字標示與表徵圖文字標示 存在的必要性，認為確實對系統進行有幫助，其中又以對於表徵圖文字標 示表示肯定者較多。

全球化的移民浪潮湧現，各國紛紛透過放鬆移民限制吸引白領移民前往投資和長期居住，展開對擁有資金和技術的白領移民之跨國爭奪，而活躍於全球市場的台商即為其中之一。另外在台商研究之中，從經濟面向研究者眾多，但台商的跨國生活與社會形態目前仍較少有學者關注，而對於台商為經營跨國生活的身份選擇考量，相關研究仍屬有限。有鑒於此，作者乃以上海市台商為研究案例，從跨國主義的移民研究所提出的核心分析概念「跨國社會場域」出發，整理傳統移民研究中的人員遷移因素，歸納出四種流動能力的要素，並結合公民身份理論，說明台商的流動能力如何影響其在移居國的身份選擇考量。具體而言，根據作者初步調查發現，由個人能力、跨國網絡、全球觀所構成的流動能力，在穿越國家所設下的跨界障礙後，能夠持續形成跨國社會場域，而台商為了要能夠維持其所賴以為生的跨國社會場域，來加以考量是否要選擇中國大陸的成員身份或者是公民身份。如果台商的個人能力較弱、跨國網絡缺乏、經濟發展為主的全球觀，較傾向於會考慮選擇中國大陸的成員身份或者是公民身份來強化既有的跨國社會場域經營；反之則否。

本研究旨在探討「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」對感化教育少年「增強權能」的成效，並根據研究結果提出「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」作為犯罪問題行為少年處遇策略之適用性。 　　本研究採「不等質控制組」準實驗設計，以「誠正中學」中受感化教育的少年為對象。其中，實驗組成員23名，實驗期間接受九次的「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」；四組對照組成員共81名，接受一般輔導課程。 本研究使用量化工具－「增強權能量表」，分別進行前測、後測與追蹤測，並以「無母數檢定(Mann-Whitney U統計量檢定、Wilcoxon符號等級檢定)」作為統計方法，檢驗分析實驗處遇的立即效果與延續效果。本研究同時使用質化工具－「反思札記」，藉由個別成員活動反思紀錄的整理與分析結果，提出成員在團體中的「學習收穫」與「增強權能」的展現，以作為實驗效果之補充。 本研究的主要發現如下： 一、「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」對感化教育少年「增強權能」有正向顯著影響，且效果能延續加乘。 二、一般矯正教育措施對「增強權能」也可以帶來正向影響，但效果卻未能持續。 三、成員的「增強權能」會隨著「團體歷程」呈現「階段性」發展。 四、「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」適用於受感化教育少年，也可為少年犯罪問題行為矯治之有效策略。 根據研究發現，提出下列幾點建議： 一、對於青少年犯罪矯治實務 (一)建議可將「優勢觀點為基礎的探索教育團體」安排於新生入校階段實施。 (二)建議可將「增強權能」程度作為矯正學校成效評估指標之一。 (三)建議矯正學校內可以增設「低空繩索設施」。 (四)建議校內舉辦探索教育訓練，讓工作人員都具備探索活動帶領能力。 二、對於未來從事相關研究者 (一)先深入瞭解「矯正學校機關特性」以利預先克服執行面之可能干擾 (二)須格外注意保密相關的「研究倫理」 (三)團體人數掌握在8-12人，或是安排協同領導者 參、對於未來計畫運用「優勢觀點為基礎之探索教育團體」的實務工作者 (一)領導者在團體過程中與成員互動要積極落實「優勢觀點」實務要素。 (二)在方案執行中持續進行「過程評估」。 (三)在團體方案結束後「持續輔導」。 / This research is to investigate “The Effects of Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” on “Empowerment” for juvenile inmates and according to the research results to bring up the application of “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” on treatment strategy of juvenile delinquents. The nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental design was utilized in this study. And the subjects of this research were Juvenile Inmates in Chengjheng High School. There were 23 members in experiment group and during experiment period, they accepted 9 times of “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group”; at the same time, there were 4 control groups (total 81 members) who accepted usual student counseling courses to compare. The study employed “Empowerment Scale” to conduct pretest, posttest, and long-term measures. Then the data were analyzed by nonparametric (Mann-Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test) as statistics method to examine and analyze instant and long-term effects on experiment treatment. And the researcher also used qualitative tool “introspection notes” to collect and analyze the consequences from self-observation records on individual member’s activities and addressed the performances of members on “Learning Gains” and “Empowerment” in groups as supplementary of experiment effects. And the main findings of this research are as below: 1. “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” has positive and obvious influences on “Empowerment” of juvenile delinquents and the effects can be synergistic continuously. 2. Usual student counseling courses can create positive influences on “Empowerment” as well but the effects cannot be continuous. 3. The “Empowerment” of members can develop “Stage by Stage” along with “the Progress of Groups”. 4. “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” is suitable for juvenile delinquents and efficient strategy to correct their criminal problems and activities. Based on the findings of this research, the researcher has suggestions below. 1. For the practices on correction of juvenile delinquents: a. “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” can be implemented when new students just enter schools. b. The degree of “Empowerment” can be as one of criteria on outcomes evaluation of correction schools. c. Correction schools can add “the Facilities of Low Ropes Course”. d. Correction schools can hold Project Adventure education training to let all workers have leading abilities of adventure activities. 2. For future researchers who focus on related topics: a. Understand “Characteristics of Correction Schools and Institutions” deeply first in order to avoid any possible interference on the aspect of application in advance. b. Should pay particular attention to privacy-related "Research Ethics". c. Group members should be controlled 8-12 people or arrange collaborative leaders. 3. For practitioners who plan to adopt “Strength-based Project Adventure Education Group” in the future: 1. Leaders must implement practical essentials of “Strengths Perspective” in the progress of groups and between the interactions with members. 2. Keep proceeding with “Evaluation of Progress” when the project is carried out. 3. Maintain student counseling after the project is finished.

租稅規避是行為人採取稅法規範文義所不能涵蓋的法律形式，實現稅法所欲掌握的經濟狀態，藉以減輕或免除租稅負擔的行為，本質上屬於稅法規範目的與規範文義間的不一致，亦即法律漏洞的利用。 由於租稅規避在我國法上，欠缺類似德國租稅通則第42條的概括否認規定，有學者認為依據租稅法定原則，應禁止以類推適用或目的性限縮創設或加重人民的租稅負擔，因此除非有法律明文規定，否則不得否認規避行為的租稅效果。不過本文認為，雖然稅法條文是唯一可合理要求人民有所認識的對象，基於信賴保護原則，稅法原則上不得作不利於人民的類推適用，不過在租稅規避，由於行為人對於稅法漏洞的存在已有認識、具有主觀的規避意圖，其信賴不值得保護，應例外允許以類推適用否認規避行為的租稅效果。 多數見解認為租稅規避的構成，應以存在法律形成可能性的濫用為要件，少數見解則認為租稅規避的否認，即是稅法解釋與適用的問題，因此是否構成租稅規避，應回歸各稅法的規範目的，判斷其所欲掌握的經濟狀態是否實現，不以濫用為要件。本文認為，由於租稅規避的否認是稅法類推禁止原則的例外，為避免人民遭受不可預測的損害，租稅規避的否認，應以行為人客觀上採取不相當的法律形式，及主觀上具有規避意圖為要件。由於濫用或不相當的法律形式，屬於抽象、不明確的概念，因此在判斷是否構成租稅規避時，得以行為人是否具有值得注意的非租稅理由作為輔助。 雖然規避行為的租稅效果應予否認，不過規避行為是私法自治、契約自由原則的行使，本身不具可罰性；且稅捐稽徵法第41條的處罰，以作為犯為限，因此租稅規避僅限於行為人在稽徵機關調查事實時，有故意虛構或隱匿事實的情況，始得依稅捐稽徵法第41條的規定處罰。至於規避行為能否以各稅法有關漏稅罰的規定處罰，應視各稅法的處罰要件而定，不能一概而論。

現今，產業競爭已轉變成全球性的競爭，台灣代工企業與國際知名品牌企業、高科技產業存在著“共存共榮”的臍帶關係，台灣代工企業必須不斷提本身之高度競爭力以維繫其不可取代之地位，否則即面臨客戶轉單、甚或被淘汰之命運。各代工企業不僅要在其生產技術上需保持領先的地位，更需在競爭策略上尋求轉型升級與技術創新，以避免被競爭者所取代，並擺脫製造代工的微利競爭；因此，當今代工企業的風險在於持續的創新能力，雖說早期代工企業僅需專注於代工製造，但隨著產品的大量生產與使用規格之統一，加上資訊之普及與快速，技術能力漸趨一致，不再是高門檻難以跨越，導致市場競爭就愈形激烈。代工企業不能只憑一招半式獨闖江湖，代工企業成長獲利的關鍵，不只在於成本管理或者製程改善，更在於敏銳的市場預測能力與核心競爭力，而從各種明確之例証顯示，創新能耐之建立更是長治久安不可或缺之主要成功因素；宏達電從為世界知名手機品牌製造代工高階智慧型手機起家，進而轉型至設計代工，一直到自創Dopod品牌，接著又將品牌重新命名為HTC；華碩電腦(ASUS)從為世界PCB 製造代工(OEM)，進而轉型至設計代工(ODM)，一直到2007年成功開發” Eee PC “ Netbook (小筆電)，並於2010 年與和碩(PEGATRON)分家，和碩(PEGATRON)代工企業與華碩電腦(ASUS)品牌經營正式分道揚鑣；這種種跡象充分顯示為唯有建立創新能耐才能尋找出核心競爭能耐的方向及重點，也才能決定企業在產業價值鏈的位置與所從事的價值活動。 企業從製造代工經營模式進入設計代工經營模式，在逐步接手研發價值活動後，設計代工經營模式開始投入自主研發，其目的在於提供品牌企業客戶更具競爭力之有效創新方案，並與品牌企業客戶取得充分分工之夥伴關係；因此透過研究個案公司的轉型歷程，探討面對詭譎多變的大時代，企業如何藉由建立自我創新能耐，進而建立自我核心能耐，從製造代工經營模式轉型升級設計代工經營模式，也藉由其經營績效的表現，來驗證轉型升級的策略所帶給企業的實質利益，最後對企業提出當面臨轉型升級時之具體建議，以作為其他面臨經營困境的製造代工企業之參考。 / Today, competition has turned into a global competition, the Taiwanese OEM companies with international famous brand enterprises, high-tech industries there is a deeply relationship of "living together", the Taiwan OEM companies must be constantly enhancing their competitiveness in order to maintain they valuable position that its status can not be replaced, otherwise face the status of cancel the order by customer, or even the fate of being eliminated. The business of OEM was not only in its production technology to keep the leading position, but also need to seek the transformation and upgrading of competitive strategy and technological innovation, in order to avoid being replaced by competitors, and get rid of low-profit competition; therefore, today's risk of OEM business rely on the continuous innovation capability, although early OEM business only needs focused on manufacturing, but as a large number of production run and use specifications of unity, plus information on popular and fast, and specifications become more standardized, it’s no longer a high thresholds and can’t pass through, resulting in the market competition is increasingly fierce. OEM business cannot only rely on go it alone, meant that the OEM business key profit enterprise growth is not only to improve cost management, or process, but also to keep a keen market prediction capabilities and core competencies, and examples from a variety of shows that innovation is the ability to establish long-term stability indispensable primary success factors; HTC from the world famous OEM business of high-end smart phones started, and then transferred to a ODM business, has been to own Dopod brand, and subsequently the brand re-named the HTC; ASUS Computer from PCB OEM in the world, and then transferred to ODM business, has been successfully developed "Eee PC" Netbook (mini Notebook) in 2007, and it was separated PEGATRON (ODM) and ASUS in 2010, PEGATRON officially parted ways with ASUS brand management; these signs appear only when you full build innovation ability to find out the core competitive ability of the direction and focus, you can also decide your positioning and activities in the value-chain of enterprise. When OEM model transfer to ODM model, and gradually took over the value activities in the R&D (Research and Development), the ODM model started independent research and development, which aims to provide brand enterprises more competitive. effective and innovative solutions, and set up the good partnerships with brands companies; therefore, through the case study, and face the challenge era, how to build self innovation by popularity, and establish core competency, from OEM model transfer to ODM model, but also put to the proof of its operating performance, to verify the transformation and upgrading policy that can make a profit of enterprise, and finally provide specific suggestions to enterprises when face on transformation and upgrading situations, I hope it also can be for reference to other OEM companies that they are facing difficulties.

我國施行健保IC卡建置計畫至今已近十年，這段時間中，IC智慧卡之各種技術與應用蓬勃發展，在醫療、金融、交通等應用領域都已有長足進步。除健保卡外，舉凡悠遊卡、金融卡、門禁卡、學生證等，IC智慧卡的應用比比皆是，客觀環境有利於健保IC卡之功能再作提升。 　　本研究以文獻探討及專家訪談的方式，研究整合過程中可能面臨的各種技術、整合方式、未來運作模式與可能遭遇之困難，以及相關的因應措施，作為未來產業界之合作基礎。 　　研究期間共訪談學界與業界人士八次、訪談行政單位五次，並舉辦專家業者焦點座談會一場。從醫療、金融、交通及其他服務等角度，分析目前健保卡尚需改善或新增之功能；也探討發展健保IC卡多功能用途，在晶片卡之規格、介面及儲位規劃等關鍵成功因素。 　　而在可能營運方案上，健保IC卡多功能用途的實施將對社會帶來極大影響，本研究以現行法令之鬆綁與否區分為短期建議及長期建議，短期內可能之營運方案有：(1)健保局獨立運作發卡(2)健保局與相關單位成立聯合發卡小組以及(3)由健保局訂定卡片標準格式與儲位空間，由各發卡公司預留空間提供使用者至健保局寫入健保相關資料；倘在未來修法後，健保卡可在健保局核可情況下委由他人發行，那麼(4)訂定需求規範以標案方式委託外包廠商營運及(5)訂定標準後由各發卡單位申請核准後營運，此兩種方案亦可納入考量。 　　預期效益除多卡合一、方便攜帶外，IC智慧卡結合憑證帶來的高安全性與保密性也能降低卡片盜刷、資料外洩等情事發生。若有更多的公民營企業願意將現有各自獨立發放的卡片整合進來，對後台系統的整合將有革命性的進步，電子憑證的功能也將對系統安全的提升帶來極大幫助，多功能卡的高發行量也將為合作對象帶來商機，達成政府、產業界與民眾多贏的局面。

本研究主要探討日本綜合商社，在面對產業經營環境衝擊下之組織變革因應之道，並選取與台灣電子產業發展關係密切的兼松集團之電子事業為研究探討對象。期以兼松組織變革活化成功的個案，做為台灣企業面臨變革轉型的一參考借鏡。 　　在不景氣的經濟大環境下，商社的價值已改變，且已不再有像以往每年持續成長的榮景，本研究旨在探討兼松電子變革因應之新思維與變革執行之具體做法。兼松在面對變局之際，為使企業保有持續成長之優勢，特採選擇與集中之新思維重整領域。針對現有架構檢討，擬定改革方針並採取最有效的目標管理，具體落實地結合績效考評，因而順利地成功轉型。變革成功經驗，他山之石或可攻錯。兼松轉型活化成功的變革策略，對台灣地區面對成長瓶頸的大型企業，如何藉由結合核心能耐，跨入新興事業領域？或可做為企業經營上之參考借鏡。 　　變革要能有效進行，任何變革策略、改造流程或提昇品質的方法，都必須妥善處理以排除變革的障礙。科特(Kotter)所提成功轉型的八大步驟：1.建立危機意識；2.成立領導團隊；3.提出願景；4.溝通願景；5.授權員工參與；6.創造近程戰果；7.鞏固戰果並再接再厲；8.讓新做法深植企業文化中，很具體的勾勒出變革策略新思維、結構調整與變革執行之做法。本研究發現兼松在落實推動變革執行之後，已成功地變革轉型為：從資訊型物流仲介者到知識型通路整合者；結合核心能耐跨入新興領域；從事業部結構到社內子會社。 　　綜合本研究探討，從兼松的轉型變革成功個案帶給台灣的啟示是：企業唯有經由重新定義的變革再思維，朝相關核心能耐做創新求變，並將變革思維、策略與結構調整三者緊密結合執行，以及培育持續變革的組織文化，才能確保變革轉型成功。 / This research studies the organization restructure in Japanese enterprise while facing the severe impact on business environmental changes. Kanematsu is selected as the research object because of the close business development relationship with Taiwanese electronic industry. The successful rejuvenation of Kanematsu by restructuring the organization can be a typical benchmark for Taiwan in transformation. 　　Under the long time economic recession, the value of the enterprise has been changed, and no more creating the continuous prosperity as usual. This research studies the practical approach that Kanematsu took to execute the transformation of structure through rethinking methodology of change management. By adopting the strategic rethinking of selection and focus, Kanematsu redefined the business to assure the continuous growth for enhancing enterprise's competence toward the changes. Kanematsu's successful transformation experience by implementing restructuring strategy can be a model for Taiwanese enterprise in facing the bottle neck of growth in order to leap into a new business field by integrated the core competence. 　　Kotter's eight steps of transformation: 1. Establish a sense of urgency, 2. Form a powerful guiding coalition, 3. Create a vision, 4. Communicate the change vision, 5. Empower employees for broad-based action, 6. Generate short-term wins, 7. Consolidate gains and producing more change, 8. Anchor new approaches in the culture, specifically outlines the ways of change management's strategic rethinking, re-structuring and executing corporate transformation. Some findings of this research exposure that through practical implementing and executing the transformation, Kanematsu successfully transformed from IT intermediator to informediator; leaped into a new era by congregating the core competency; and transformed from departmental structure to internal subsidiary. 　　What this research reveals can be an inspiration to Taiwanese enterprise in transformation. Only through the rethinking to redefine the business, restructuring to enhance the core competence, executing concurrent transformation thoroughly, and then building up the corporate culture of pursuing the advantage of managing the endless change can lead to successful transformation.

本文旨在探討經濟外交理論對俄羅斯外交決策的影響。俄羅斯經濟外交政策主要是積極發展對外的經濟關係，創造對俄羅斯友善的國際環境，希望藉此帶動國內經濟的發展。而在俄羅斯牽涉經濟外交的各領域中，能源的因素尤其重要，由於俄羅斯境內蘊藏豐富的天然資源，尤其是天然氣，因此利用能源做為籌碼的經濟外交政策是俄羅斯對外政策中常見的情況。 而俄羅斯的經濟外交政策場域中，本文主要以近鄰和歐洲國家為主，由於許多俄羅斯的近鄰是前蘇聯的加盟共和國，同時也是能源的過境運輸國，因此俄羅斯常利用能源做為手段，藉此影響近鄰的對外政策。而歐洲國家大部份是俄羅斯的主要能源消費國，因此俄羅斯也可利用能源的出口為手段，打進歐洲各國的能源市場，藉此創造對俄羅斯友好的國際環境。 其中德國身為俄羅斯在歐洲最大的貿易夥伴，在政治和經濟上面的互動十分頻繁，德國主要從俄羅斯進口石油、天然氣。研究發現德國和其他歐洲國家相比，較為依賴俄羅斯能源的進口，因此給予俄羅斯對德國實行經濟外交戰略時的有效籌碼，特別是在天然氣領域中貿易互動方面，俄羅斯藉由能源公司對德國的能源領域的投資，企圖藉由深入德國的能源市場，進入歐洲的能源貿易體系。 / This thesis aims to discuss the Russian economic diplomacy. Russian economic diplomacy mainly focuses on using economic as a leverage to influence other countries policies to Russia with the purpose of creating an amicable international situation, and promoting Russian domestic economic situation. Due to the fact that Russia possesses various natural recourses, energy is the main theme in Russia economic diplomacy, especially natural gas. The topic of this study mainly discusses the economic diplomacy relations between Russia with near abroad and Europe. Most of the near abroad countries are former Soviet Union republics and the energy transit countries of Russia as well. As the result, Russia can use energy issue as a tool to sway these countries policies. Additionally, Russia can also utilize energy export to enter the Europe energy market because most of the European countries are the main energy consumer of Russia. The study has shown that German is the main political and economical partner of Russia, and is also the biggest trade partner and energy consumer of Russia compared to other countries throughout Europe. Thus, German is strongly dependent on Russia energy export, especially on petroleum and natural gas. This condition benefited Russia by providing a window for Russia to enter Germany energy market in terms of energy enterprise trade and investment to German. Furthermore, by entering German energy market, Russia can enter European energy trading system.

當代文獻對知識創生的討論，多集中在知識的有效移轉與管理，較少由組織集體能力的養成觀點，進行探討。然而，隨著全球化與網際網路的興起，跨組織疆界的研發創新，已不能僅單純由知識有效移轉的角度觀察，而必須由分散式組織的管理，由社群實務的觀點，進行討論。尤其，跨領域科學家的專業社群，不但深富高度的知識涵量，更經常能因應環境的動態變化，產生突破性創新成就，而具有重要研究價值。本研究以台灣著名科學社群─「無線奈米生醫團隊」為調查田野，並由這個科學社群特殊的知識能力養成(organizational knowledgeability）著手，分析社群成員的工作脈絡，以掌握社群組織如何持續有效創生知識。 研究發現，科研知識養成的基本功、察覺使用者創新需求的敏銳度、巧妙橋接內外部資源的中介能力、以及持續參與專業社群運作的社群力，構成集體能力養成的重要內涵。從實踐社群（CoP）的觀點來看，這四種能力的養成過程，正是一個科學新手逐步蛻變為創新高手的能力累積；更是他由合法的社群周邊參與，逐步進階到核心社群決策的進程。 創新不是天分，而是養分。當一個科研人才，一個科研團隊，能不斷取得來自專業學術社群的知識養分，他就能源源不絕，產生創新知識。而這也正是所謂頂級發表的內涵。一篇好的專業學術發表，他體現的價值不但是專業學術社群的肯定而已，更是個人或團隊能力累積的極致成就。本研究最後則探討本案例對社群實務的知識創生與研發創新文獻上的啟示，並點出對科學團隊與研發機構的實務意涵。 / Nowadays, product or service innovation often requires highly specialized experts to work closely, such as the design of computer server or performing a cardiovascular surgery. Studies of knowledge creation put more focus on knowledge management and knowledge transfer. However, we know relatively little about how distributed organizations, such as experts communities create knowledge. This study focuses on a top-performing scientific community—the Wireless Health Advanced Monitoring Bio-Diagnosis System (WHAM-BioS) in Taiwan. This team consists of leading scientists from nano-technology, bio-technology, information technology and network communications from different scientific disciplines. This study aims to examine their knowing practices of scientific invention. This research will contribute to theories on knowledge creation through the lens of practice. By analyzing the organizational knowledgeability, this paper suggests organizations reconsider the knowing of cross raining ( or learning by doing)，sensitivity of users’ painpoints, brokering resources and participating in tier one academic communities as the collective capabilities of scientific community. These four elements as five organizing capabilities will contribute to the knowledge creation and community of practices literatures.