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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
251

能源訂價之探討 / A study on energy pricing

楊佳蓁 Unknown Date (has links)
能源價格的波動不僅與國際經濟情勢息息相關,也會影響到國內之民生必需。此外,在能源需求不斷增加,但供給卻日益減少之情況下,可以預期未來能源價格將不斷攀高。而傳統化石能源在生產時會排放二氧化碳,造成環境污染等外部性問題。如何利用合理的能源價格使生產者與消費者做出最適當的選擇,為當前最重要之課題。 台灣為自產能源貧乏、能源進口比例程度高之國家,但政府為了維持經濟成長,降低產業的生產成本,而長期壓低能源價格。與世界各國相較,我國之油電價是相對偏低的。然而,過低的能源價格會誤導消費者,造成過度浪費之情況。因此,能源價格在訂定時,除了反應生產成本外,也應將外部成本考量在內。政府可透過各種財政工具、法律規範,來引導資源達到最有效之配置。 本文彙整了美國、英國、德國與日本相關油價、電價、影響價格因素,以及統計資料,並探討各國能源市場發展歷程、能源政策與法規等議題,希望藉由國外之經驗,做為台灣未來在訂定能源價格政策時參考之依據,並檢視我國目前之能源市場、稅制、及價格管制之政策,透過國內外油價,電價及相關分析結果,以作為我國未來政策發展及改進方向。
252

當理論與實務接觸:如何修正一位實務者的直覺 / When theory meets practice:how do i modify the intuition of a practitioner?

施力瑋, Shih, Li Wei Unknown Date (has links)
學者研究如何去預測整個市場或是特定產業的走勢,而時間序列的使用在這個層面也被廣泛使用。實務者跟學者近年來也逐漸開始專注於技術指標的分析上,而近年來越來越多的理論架構是根據行為財務學而產生,像是過度反應以及反應不足。本篇研究的目的旨在透過實務與學術的交流,將兩者的優勢互相結合,首先在詳述其投資策略之方法論後,將其想法透過時間序列分析模型化,再則藉由專業的學術訓練修改其模型。簡言之,本篇論文結論如下:1.實務者的方法確實有其洞察力與預測上的價值。2.在將變數從動能訊號轉換成外資持有市值後,回歸的結果確實有進一步的改善。3.外國機構投資人在不同的產業所持有之市值比例確實在統計上顯著受到報酬率跟現金比率兩者的T值與係數之影響。 / Abstract Researchers have been exploring the subject of how to forecast the trends of overall market and certain of sectors from adequate information so far. The analysis and forecasting of time series are also extensively utilized in a variety of applications. Not only practitioners but also academics have been focus on technical indicators. And recently more and more theories based on behavior finance, such as overreaction and underreaction. This study is attempting to investigate the approach of an analyst according to time series analysis, and especially concerned about the momentum indicator, which is combined with overreaction and underreaction. Briefly, our conclusions are as follows: 1. The practitioner’s approach does really have its insight and predictive value. 2. After replacing variable from signals to holdings, the regression results have been improved. 3. We could indicate that the market value holding percentage of FINI in different sectors do really have significant influence toward T-statistics and coefficients of returnt-1 and cash ratiot-1. Key words:Momentum, Overreaction, Underreaction.
253

醫療文書之證據能力與證明力 / The evidence ability and probative value of medical documents

郭弘義 Unknown Date (has links)
我國刑事訴訟制度從「職權主義」轉變為「改良的當事人主義」,有關證據調查及採認與事實認定等問題,從原本耳熟能詳的「嚴格證明法則」及「直接審理原則」,在「傳聞法則」一詞加入了刑事訴訟法(以下簡稱本法)第一五九條後,使得對「證據能力」之判斷產生混淆,爭論問題面變的更加複雜。醫療文書常在司法審判程序中被用來當作判案依據之重要證據,其中關於「病歷紀錄」、「診斷證明」及「鑑定報告」這三種醫療文書的「證據能力」與「證明力」,各界看法不一,確實有加以探討及釐清的必要。 本文研究,主要擬就比較法例上,英美法系之當事人主義及大陸法係之職權主義對於證據能力及證明力之定義及關於傳聞證據之處理有何不同,並據此釐清我國醫療證明關於證據能力及證明力的爭論。故本文首先就證據能力、證明力之定義加以釐清。再從關連性法則、證據排除法則、傳聞法則等,分析我國採改良式之當事人主義後,應如何判斷證據能力之有無及證明力應經由何種法定程序而形成。其後將直接審理原則及傳聞法則之基本原則予以析理,繼而分別就傳聞法則、傳聞證據之種類、意義,傳聞法則例外適用之問題加以研究,並析我國實務實際運作上,同時採行直接審理原則與傳聞法則,對於對質詰問權之保障有無扞格之虞,是否對程序結構面造成一整體性的破壞。 在論述「病歷紀錄」、「診斷證明」及「鑑定報告」這三種醫療文書之證據能力與證明力方面,本文先從製作過程與內涵性質方面來剖析是否具有「必要性」及「可信性」,來判斷是否屬於傳聞法則之例外。另外亦從刑事訴訟法關於鑑定的相關規定,提出不同見解,分析鑑定報告書是否非需借道「傳聞法則」方能保障對質詰問權。 最終本文認為,病歷紀錄與診斷證明雖為傳聞證據,因其具有高度之「證據可信性」及「證據必要性」二項要件,例外地承認其有證據能力當無疑義;且一律要求完成業務文書之人必須出庭陳述並接受詰問,事實上訴訟資源也難以負擔。然對於未曾予被告於先前程序或於審判中有詰問機會之傳聞陳述,除非該原始陳述人於本案審判期日不能到庭應訊,不應不當限制被告之對質詰問權,以維護當事人訴訟防禦權。目前將鑑定報告之證據能力「借道」傳聞法則來審查,減損了當事人對於鑑定此一證據應享有充分防禦可能之憲法權利,更有違證據調查須以直接審理、言詞辯論為原則之要求,此與司法院釋字第三八四號解釋文闡明憲法保障人民之對質詰問等訴訟防禦權之理念背道而馳。在當事人受憲法保障之訴訟防禦權以及正當法律程序要求下,建議對第二○六條作合於憲法要求之修正,方能保障對質詰問權,並杜絕憲法上之爭議。
254

都市計畫農業區多功能性績效管制機制之探討 / A study on multifunction and performance zoning mechanism for agricultural zone in urban planning district

江瑞如 Unknown Date (has links)
長久以來不論係都市計畫主管機關或農業主管機關,皆視都市計畫農業區為都市發展之預備用地,故對其採取寬鬆且開放之管制方式,導致農業區成為都市成長過程中被侵吞的對象,進而形成諸多待解決之課題與困境。然而,在氣候變遷且能源耗竭的今日,都市計畫農業區之劃設有其價值與必要性,即農業區不僅具基本的生產功能,更具開放空間、調節氣候、文化景觀與自然環境等多功能性(Multifunctionality) ,故都市計畫農業區之現況著實無法回應都市實際需求與全球因應氣候變遷之潮流,而為喚起人們重視都市計畫農業區之多功能價值,本研究認為必須重新予以定位並界定其多功能性。 承上所述,都市計畫農業區因具有多功能特性,且實有存在之必要性,故如何確保其多功能性之發揮亦極為重要。都市計畫農業區需要一個積極、具有彈性且重視基地環境與容受力之機制加以調整,而績效管制其特性即為一種極具有力量的管理系統,其考量土地利用效率、環境永續發展、社會公平性與減少外部成本之目標下,以績效管制項目取代僵化的容許使用項目並保護環境脆弱地區,提升計畫方案設計之品質,但同時給予每個基地更多彈性,進而執行與完成計畫以達成規劃之目標。因此,本研究認為都市計畫農業區急需引入績效管制機制,以管理於農業區上活動時產生之負面外部性,並發揮多功能特性之外部效益,同時解決傳統使用分區管制缺失等現況課題。又,研究目的可分為兩項,即:1.藉由重新界定都市農地之定位與多功能性,確認都市計畫農業區之存在價值與必要性,並保護重要且具永續性之農地再生資源;2.建立績效管制機制以確保都市農地多功能性之發揮,並研擬後續相關配套與改善措施,提供政府於規劃與管理都市計畫農業區時之參考。 綜合文獻回顧、理論基礎、國外個案之分析探討與專家學者問卷調查結果,本研究得到之結論,包含:1.確立農地保護理念;2.都市計畫農業區應明確定位;3.都市計畫農業區績效管制機制之建構。而研究結果之建議則有五點,即:1.訂定農地上位計畫並加強空間規劃;2.相關法令檢討與修正並確實執行法規內容;3.都市計畫農業區專案通盤檢討與劃定功能特性;4.制定都市計畫農業區績效管制規則與監測管理系統;5.加強政府之間及對民眾之溝通與宣導。
255

台灣網通業持續性競爭優勢之研究 / A study on the sustained competitive advantage of networking equipment industry

鄭吉利, Cheng, Chi Li Unknown Date (has links)
台灣今天所面對的國際競爭壓力與經營困境不是突然發生的,觀察台灣高科技產業獲利能力的持續下滑現象,企業經營者早就應該想到,台灣代工製造模式要如何繼續發展下去?透過對台灣網路通訊設備產業持續性競爭優勢之探討,分析企業的競爭策略,期望協助台灣廠商及投資大眾在對的時間做對的決定,讓台灣產業掌握提升價值及持續成長的契機,強化獨特的優勢與資源,增進國際競爭力。 學術上有許多篇論文探討網通產業競爭優勢,並建議很多的策略,網通業為了成長與獲利,必然採取類似的競爭策略,但近年來產業獲利結果卻呈現衰退,這是大部分台灣電子代工業的宿命嗎?是否台灣品牌廠商仍有持續的競爭優勢?本研究將依據相關理論,從獲利能力來看企業的績效變化,從競爭優勢來探討企業獨特能耐、資源與經營策略的差距,並從未來產業發展趨勢來看台灣企業應如何改變或加強策略,才能開創或持續其競爭優勢。 以台灣網通產業而言,品牌廠商過去的超額利潤,隨著經營環境的改變,成功要件不復存在,勢必調整商業獲利模式;而取得被重要供應鏈整合的代工業者,保有較低的代工利潤,加上深耕研發及製程技術,在市場需求增溫時,發揮規模經濟的低成本優勢,因此較具持續性競爭優勢。 依本研究發現即便網通業有機會創造出未來黃金十年,隨產品售價與獲利下滑後,台灣網通產業的淨獲利率只在3%至4%之間,建議各企業依據所處的競爭形勢,適度調整經營策略,方可提升或維持其競爭優勢。 / Observing the phenomenon of continuous declining profitability in Taiwan’s high-tech industry, enterprises in Taiwan should have long anticipated that functioning businesses nowadays face higher difficulties in sustaining international competitive advantage. How Taiwan’s Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) involves in development process should be taken into prior consideration. Analyzing the competitive strategy of Taiwan’s network communications equipment industry, not only allows the industry to strengthen its values and enhance the efficiency of interior resources; it can also help investors grasp the right timing in making investing decision. In order to gain profit and growth, most competitors in the industry chose to yield a similar operating strategy when confronting its rival. However, as the issue of deteriorating profitability rise to the surface, it is necessary to reconsider the options. Can major Taiwanese brand companies maintain its competitive advantage? Based on relevant theories, this research will evaluate alterations in business performance though profitability and estimate business competitiveness according to the difference in resources and operating strategies. In addition, this study will give suggestion on how to create or strengthen competitive advantage in perspective of future industrial trends. In the past, brand companies in the CNC industry had excessing profits. However, due to changes in business environment, the elements of past success no longer exist and companies are focus to adjust their profitability formula; the companies that were integrated into key supply chains are able to maintain low OEM margins, achieve economies of scale when market demand rises though their R&D bedrock and manufacturing technology. This study reveals that even the Network industry has the opportunity to create its golden years. Due to declining sale prices and profitability, Taiwan CNC industry's net profit is merely 3% to 4%, therefore companies are recommended to base on its current competitive position, moderately adjust its business strategy, to enhance or maintain their competitive advantage.
256

國民小學教師參加在職進修課程與教師效能關係之研究 / A study of the relationship of the elementary school teachers taking in-service courses and teacher efficacy

張峰森 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在瞭解國民小學教師參加在職進修課程與教師效能之現況與內涵,並利用線性模式探討變項間的影響關係。首先,進行廣泛地文獻蒐集與探討,厚實研究理論基礎與研究結構;其次,將編製專家效度問卷寄送給8位相關領域之專家學者,進行問卷內容修訂。接著,以分層隨機抽樣方式從臺北市、新北市、桃園縣、基隆市四縣市抽取500位國民小學教師抽取作為問卷調查對象,回收情形為370份問卷,有效問卷352份,有效問卷率為70%,利用統計套裝軟體分析兩變項之現況與影響關係,本研究發現如下: 一、國民小學教師參加在職進修課程與教師效能關係之內涵與現況 (一)國民小學教師參加在職進修課程包括七個向度,包括「教育信念與專業 態度」、「學科知識與教學策略」、「班級經營與學生輔導」、「教育政策與 新興議題」、「專業發展與研究知能」、「學校經營與行政管理」、「生活知 能與實用智慧」,教師參加在職進修課程整體得分情形為中低程度,分向度以「學科知識與教學策略」向度得分最高。 (二)國民小學教師效能包括七個向度,包括「班級經營效能」、「親師溝通效 能」、「課程規劃效能」、「教學執行效能」、「評量診斷效能」、「教學革新 效能」、「抗衡環境效能」,整體得分情形為中高程度,其中分向度以「班 級經營效能」向度的得分最高。 二、不同背景變項在國民小學教師參加在職進修課程與教師效能關係之差異情形 (一)不同背景變項在國民小學教師參加在職進修課程的得分方面:研究發現 除了性別外,在年齡、服務年資、最高學歷、現任職務、學校規模皆達 顯著差異。 (二)不同背景變項在教師效能關係的得分方面:研究發現除了學校規模外, 在性別、年齡、服務年資、最高學歷、現任職務皆達顯著差異。 三、國民小學教師參加在職進修課程各向度與教師效能之影響情形 國民小學教師參加在職進修課程各分向度對教學效能對國民小學教師效能皆具有顯著影響力,各向度之影響情形如下:在教育信念與專業態度向度中以「教育理念與實踐」影響力最高;在學科知識與教學策略向度中以「多元化教學策略」影響力最高;在班級經營與學生輔導向度中以「親師溝通技巧與策略」與「學生問題行為輔導策略」影響力最高;在教育政策與新興議題向度中以「生命教育議題」影響力最高;在專業發展與研究知能向度中以「教師生涯發展與規劃」影響力最高;在學校經營與行政管理向度中以「教育領導知能與實務」影響力最高;在生活知能與實用智慧向度中以「情緒與壓力管理策略」影響力最高。 四、國民小學教師參加在職進修課程與教師效能整體之影響情形 上游潛在變項「國民小學教師參加在職進修課程」對下游潛在變項「國民小學教師效能」具有顯著影響力,其中以「專業發展與研究知能」對「教師教學效能」影響力最高。 最後,依據研究發現進行討論並提出建議,俾提供國民小學教師、教育行政機關與後續研究參考。
257

平盤以下不能放空對我國股市之影響 / The effect of short-sales restriction below the last closing price on Taiwan stock market

鄭姿雯 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要目的在探討,平盤以下不能放空政策對於我國股市的影響。由於平盤 以下不能放空政策主要在限制,空頭時間的融券放空,雖其可能可以減少作空的 力度,可是,相對而言,由於空頭交易日不能融券作空,代表平盤以下的個股不 得進行融券當沖,因而對交易量產生相當程度的負面衝擊。其次,平盤以下不 能放空會造成空頭恆空,多頭恆多的現象,也就是資金會更集中於市場注目的產 業或類股。研究結果發現整體而言平盤限制使得成交量、週轉率、標準化的成交 量皆有顯著降低。 / The purpose of this research is to discuss the effects of short sales restrictions below the last closing price on Taiwan stock market. The main restriction of the policy is the limitation of short sale in the declining market. First, the policy could lighten the force of the short sale; however, on the other hand it means that some stocks could not day trade when their price of the short sale is below the last closing price. Therefore, the volumes of the trade would have the negative effects due to the policy. Second, the policy could result in the down market remaining declining or the up market remaining increasing. In other word, it makes the capital accumulate in the certain focusing industries or stocks. The empirical results show that the volumes of the trade, the turnover and the standardized trading volume decrease after the short-sales restrictions below the last closing price takes effect.
258

MBA初入職場所需之工作知能之來源 / The sources of knowledge and cabability a MBA needs at 1st career

李宜恬, Lee, I-Tien Unknown Date (has links)
臺灣的MBA教育所收取的學生,並不若國外MBA教育強制要求一定的工作經驗才能就讀;又景氣不佳下,臺灣每年有為數不少欠缺工作經驗的MBA踏入社會,在第一份工作上力求表現。而MBA初入職場所需知識與能力往往與MBA教育所教授學生的知能有所出入,導致企業主多有反映MBA人才在知能的具備上不若預期。本研究探討初入職場的MBA執行守分工作時,所需的知能為何?又這些知能與MBA教育所著重教授的知能有何不同?且這些MBA初入職場所需知能的來源,與非MBA教育的人是否有所差別?
259

廠商發展動態能力過程之探討 : 以台灣電子產業OEM/ODM廠為例 / How firms develop dynamic capabilities: examples from Taiwanese IT industry

張涵屏 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究的目的是探究動態能力的本質,並進一步了解動態能力的發展過程。為了解企業如何其發展動態能力,本研究採用個案分析,發現企業發展動態能力須經歷的四個階段,並提出一整合模型描述動態能力發展之過程:企業可經由學習機制發展其動態能力,包含知識獲取以及知識轉化兩個階段;若環境動態程度較高,將促進企業獲取知識,從而加快學習機制。此外,社會資本和管理能力的提升也會影響動態能力的發展。 / The purpose of this study is to understand the nature of dynamic capabilities, and to have a clearer picture of the process of developing dynamic capabilities. A case study methodology is conducted to illustrate the pattern of how firms develop dynamic capabilities. After collecting and analyzing the data, four propositions and an integrated model are proposed. It is found that firms develop dynamic capabilities through the two-stage learning mechanism, knowledge acquisition and knowledge conversion; high level of environmental dynamics perceived by firms would motivate firms to acquire knowledge, which accelerate learning mechanism. Moreover, social capital and managerial capability upgrading play roles of moderator during the development of dynamic capabilities. Four contributions are offered in this study. First, this research highlights the ambiguity on definition and clarifies it after an overall discussion. Second, this paper extends and integrates findings from past research, which help to enhance the understanding of the mechanism of developing dynamic capability. the third contribution of this study is the combination of learning mechanism and two moderators, social capital and managerial capability upgrading. Fourth, while cases from advanced countries have been widely discussed, this study focus on companies from newly industrialized countries, which enables this study to collect different managerial experience and extend more insights. There are several research limitations in conducting this study. Firstly, the use of qualitative research limits the research result in the specific industry chosen in this study; some propositions may be universal, but not all of them can be applied into each industry. Secondly, the timeline covered in this study is not long enough since the development of dynamic capabilities requires long time efforts.
260

中共對非洲之能源外交政策研究 / China's foreign policy of the energy in Africa

胡乾增 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,中共經濟持續高速發展受到世人的高度矚目,亦被國際公認為崛起的大國。但由於中共生產的石油無法滿足經濟成長需求,自西元1993年成為石油淨進口國後,西元2004年更超越日本成為第二大能源進口國,這成為中共經濟成長甚至是國家安定最大的隱憂。在無法自給自足的情況下,中共採取一系列包含「走出去」等能源供應多元化方面的能源外交策略以確保其油源供應穩定,以支撐其快速的經濟發展狀況。 中共與非洲國家在政治上保有良好的傳統友誼,而非洲豐富的資源能彌補中共能源供給缺口,並且非洲擁有適合中共產品生存的市場,這使得非洲產油國成為中共能源外交的主要對象。在手段上,中共重視與非洲在政治、安全、經濟等方面之合作關係,為求實質加強與非洲合作關係,以利能源外交在非洲國家的拓展。 因此,本文嘗試在經濟、政治與安全領域,以文獻分析法來探討中共對非洲能源外交手段與影響,及中共對非洲能源外交之成果與未來趨勢。 關鍵字:中共、非洲、能源外交 / In recent years, the rapid economic development of the People’s Republic of China(PRC)has caught the attention of the world and is recognized as a rising power in the world. However, the oil production of the PRC does not meet the need of economic growth. China has imported oil since 1993 and has surpassed Japan to become the second largest energy importing country since 2004, which is the biggest threat to economic growth and national security and stability of the PRC. Facing the challenge of being self-sufficient, the PRC has adopted a series of diversified energy supply and energy diplomacy strategy, including “going global”, to ensure a stable supply of oil source and to support the rapid economic development. The PRC has maintained a good political friendship with African countries. The rich resources in Africa can make up for the energy supply shortage of the PRC. African market is necessary for the survival of Made-in-China products, which makes the African oil-producing countries the main objects of the PRC’s energy diplomacy. In terms of means, the PRC values the collaboration with African nations in politics, security, and economy; also, it strengthens cooperation with African nations to facilitate energy diplomacy. Therefore, this study is to explore the energy diplomatic means and impact of the PRC on Africa with the Literature Analysis Method; also, the achievement of the PRC in the energy diplomacy with Africa and the future trend is discussed. Key words: People’s Republic of China (the PRC), Africa, Energy Diplomacy

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