本研究以歐洲銀行業為主要的研究對象，嘗試運用以Malmquist生產力指數法考量IFRS的實施是否會對企業整體構面產生影響。研究結果發現，IFRS實施的確會使企業整體構面產生變動，而其變動的來源主要是因企業之實值衡量標準改變所致。此外，Chow Test檢定也說明歐洲銀行業者在IFRS實施之前後於投資決策產生結構性之變異，而其餘各構面：盈餘波動、資金成本、資訊揭露成本、教育訓練成本和審計公費，則無發生結構性之改變。 / In this article we try to apply Malmquist indices to analyze whether the implementation of IFRS will have an influence on banking industry in Europe. The empirical tests reveal that implementation of IFRS does have an influence on banking industry as a whole. The influence can be referred to the change of substantial measuring standards on IFRS. In addition to Malmquist indices, the study also applies Chow Test to examine whether the structural changes have existed before and after implementation of IFRS. The test result shows that the investment decisions of banks have a significant structural change before and after mplementation of IFRS. In the other hand, the earning volatility cost of capital, disclosure cost, educational cost and audit fees do not illustrate a significant structural change.

本研究以公司治理變數與銀行評等結果之關係為研究對象，並以累積邏輯斯迴歸模型(Cumulative Logistic Regression Model)研究2004年至2010年的31間台灣的上市銀行，探討公司治理對於公司決策的影響，及其是否會進而影響公司的表現，最終並改變公司的評等結果。 本文由股權結構以及董事會的組成這兩大結構來探討公司治理對銀行的評等影響，股權結構的部分主要選擇董監持股、外部法人董監持股、董監持股質押比例、大股東持股、經理人持股、最大外部股東、盈餘席次偏離比、股份席次偏離比等變數，而董事會的組成方面則選擇董事及監事兼任占經理人比例、股監事席次、獨立董監席次等變數來探討。研究發現董監事、大股東及外部法人董監的持股比率越高，對公司的評等結果有正向影響；反之，經理人之持股比率則與公司的評等結果呈負向關係。此外，獨立董監占董事會的席次越高，與公司的評等結果存在正向的關係。 / The bank rating system used to only consider the financial variables instead of corporate governance variables, but whether the corporate governance variables can influence the strategies of managers and the performance of the firm, then further change the outcome of the bank rating had never been considered. This thesis is trying to use cumulative logistic model figure out whether there exist any connection between corporate governance variables and bank rating outcome. This thesis considered 9 difference corporate variables that can be divided into two different sectors, which are ownership structure and boardroom structure. The conclusion of this thesis is that the majority shareholder's holding、Supervisors and Directors' holding and institutional Supervisor and Director's holding、Managers' holding and the number of independent director and supervisor will influence the outcome of the bank rating.

隨著兩岸金融政策的開放，國內銀行將會面臨新的局勢。中國大陸經濟崛起是台灣銀行業者的發展契機，同時因為兩岸在經濟與金融發展脈絡上的不同，亦會造成雙邊交流的阻礙，在機會與困境的新局中，國內銀行要如何找出因應之道將會格外重要。 本文透過文獻回顧、SWOT與個案分析的方式描繪出，未來可能出現的交流新貌。首先在文獻回顧上，台灣目前面臨銀行家數過多的問題，雖然歷經多次改革但是成效仍舊相對有限，未來銀行在中國大陸拓展事業版圖後，有機會改善國內的金融環境。 其次在SWOT分析中，台灣銀行產業發展得較早，所以培養出不少優秀的人才，而且銀行也擁有成熟的金融技術，此為國內銀行交流的優勢，不過國內銀行面對大陸銀行的競爭，規模與營業據點不足卻是發展上的劣勢。 最後在個案分析中，外資金融機構赴大陸發展，其業務經營方向越來越偏向當地市場，不僅各國逐漸轉型為獨資外資銀行，而且也開始經營本地業務，未來國內銀行也應該把目光從台商轉到大陸市場。 兩岸金融談判持續進行，期盼雙方可以透過了解降低雙邊交流可能造成的摩擦，更希望兩岸在互信互利的基礎下，共同創造出繁榮的大中華經濟圈。 / Open cross-strait financial policy has led to domestic banks are facing a new situation. China market is an opportunity for banks in Taiwan,but different financial environment will result in communication barriers. In this situation, how to find the solution is an important issue. We have gone through ‘Literature Review’,’ SWOT analysis’,’ Case Studies’ and reached conclusion. In the literature review, Taiwan faces overbanking problems in recent years. Although domestic reform several times but the effect is relatively limited. Banks enter the Chinese mainland market, overbanking will be improved. In the SWOT analysis. talent and technology is the development advantages.Industry of bank started early, so the country has many excellent financial professionals. Taiwan has also been leading in the financial technology. It’s the bank's strength. However, domestic banks face competition from mainland banks, lack of scale and business units are the disadvantages of the development. In the case studies, foreign financial institutions enter the Chinese market, more and more close to the local business direction. Foreign Capital Bank not only transformed into wholly foreign funded commercial bank, but also operating a local business. Domestic banks should also target customers from Taiwan enterprises into local enterprises in the future. In the ECFA framework, the Government will continue to conduct financial negotiations. Hope that through exchanges across the Taiwan Strait to reduce cross-strait friction. Taiwan and China Construction China Economic Circle.

The international banking industry has paid much attention to private banking business because of its high profit. Although this business has hundreds of years of history in the United States and Europe, by contrast, it is still on the primary stage in China. Not until 2007 have more and more domestic bankers started to participant in this field. In recent years, China’s economy has maintained the rapid growth regarding the performance of GDP, stock market, real estate, etc. Benefit from the strong economy, the wealthy population and their wealth volume has been increased, those provide a good foundation for development of this business. At the meantime, with the continuously opening of China’s financial market and the demands for improvement of profit structure, this business has become a core strategy for domestic banks become to eager to develop. Under the incentive of market potential and pressure of external competition, China’s domestic banks still need to overcome some difficulties at the present stage to enjoy high profit from this business. Those obstacles includes the immature demands for financial services, the inadequate the external financial environment and lack of internal criteria within banks. Hence, on the one hand, the government should create a fine financial environment to help bankers to develop more advanced products or services to meet the clients’ demands. On the other hand, and bankers themselves should enhance the staff’s qualify and utilize the modern customers management techniques and information system to distinguish the target clients and their demands. / The international banking industry has paid much attention to private banking business because of its high profit. Although this business has hundreds of years of history in the United States and Europe, by contrast, it is still on the primary stage in China. Not until 2007 have more and more domestic bankers started to participant in this field. In recent years, China’s economy has maintained the rapid growth regarding the performance of GDP, stock market, real estate, etc. Benefit from the strong economy, the wealthy population and their wealth volume has been increased, those provide a good foundation for development of this business. At the meantime, with the continuously opening of China’s financial market and the demands for improvement of profit structure, this business has become a core strategy for domestic banks become to eager to develop. Under the incentive of market potential and pressure of external competition, China’s domestic banks still need to overcome some difficulties at the present stage to enjoy high profit from this business. Those obstacles includes the immature demands for financial services, the inadequate the external financial environment and lack of internal criteria within banks. Hence, on the one hand, the government should create a fine financial environment to help bankers to develop more advanced products or services to meet the clients’ demands. On the other hand, and bankers themselves should enhance the staff’s qualify and utilize the modern customers management techniques and information system to distinguish the target clients and their demands.

銀行往來關係對於公司來說是很重要的資產，而銀行欲與公司建立往來關係時，是否可經由承做一般借款的業務，藉此取得公司的私有資訊並審視其體質，以便在未來爭取公司的聯合貸款業務。或是先藉由承作公司的聯合貸款，未來再爭取公司的一般借款業務。然而已存的研究通常使用LPC或Dealogic為其研究資料來源，但是此二資料庫皆以「聯合貸款」資料為大宗，所包含的「一般借款」資料相對較少，因此本文的主要貢獻在於，引入台灣經濟新報(TEJ)的「一般借款」資料，將LPC與台灣經濟新報(TEJ)合併，重新衡量銀行往來關係強度。而若以一般借款的筆數及金額等因子來計算銀行往來關係的強度時，實證發現，有一般借款往來關係的公司，隨著此往來關係越強，越容易爭取到未來的聯合貸款，且亦容易成為主貸銀行。而承做過聯合貸款的主貸銀行，相較於參貸銀行，未來能獲取同一公司更多的一般借款，彼此的往來關係會較緊密。

過往清史研究關於清代官制多探討其制度成因、演變，鮮少觸及到俸祿、功名與官制彼此間的關聯性或影響程度，而從勞動經濟學的角度來看，官員的功名、官秩應反應出其人力資本投資與職場經驗的累積程度。有鑑於此，本研究利用清代各期間編纂地方方志中的樣本資料來探討及評估清代臺灣地方官吏人力資本投資、職場經驗及其他特徵變數對於薪資(俸祿)報酬的影響為何。 本論文第一個主題探討人力資本對康熙、雍正、乾隆時期薪俸的影響，實證結果顯示，進行人力資本投資(考取功名)可提升俸祿4.5%；官秩升遷可提升俸祿29.9%。若以職官屬性分類，本研究發現文官在人力資本投資與工作經驗的報酬率均優於武官，我們認為主要原因可能因文、武職官升遷模式有所差異。文官晉陞過程與其工作經驗有關，而武官晉陞過程可能與是否有戰功的關係較高，因此受到人力資本與工作經驗的影響較小。 本研究第二部份以傳統迴歸及Heckman兩階段估計法估計Mincerian所得函數，探討清治時期212年間臺灣鳳山縣職官文職與武職構成與其功名、官秩對工資(俸祿)影響。研究結果顯示：(1)以傳統迴歸分析實證結果估計會存有樣本選擇偏誤的問題；(2)俸祿考慮養廉下官員任期是否秩滿、是否因丁憂退出勞動市場、是否具八旗背景對文官薪資有顯著影響；官秩大小對武官薪俸則有正向影響。(3)俸祿不考慮養廉下，官秩對文、武職官薪俸帶有提升效果。 最後，本文探討養廉銀政策的施行對文職職官薪俸的影響。以DID估計發現：政策的實施使職官薪俸提升了0.5倍至數十倍不等；且職官個人功名與官秩顯著影響可獲取的薪俸額度。 / Previous researches in the history of Qing dynasty mainly study the cause of bureaucracy or the evolution in the bureaucratic system, however, there are fewer studies which explain the relationship of wage, official rank and the fame of scholarly honor. In the side of labor economic, the scholarly honor, official rank reply the accumulation of human capital and the experience in the job market. According it, this dissertation tries to evaluate the return of human capital investment, job experience and other characteristic variables on the wage on samples during the periods of Qing dynasty. The first topic tries to analyze the impacts of human capital on wage during the period Kangxi, Yongzeng and Qianlong era. The empirical results indicate that the human capital investment (scholarly honor) rises 4.5% in the wage rate; the return rate of official rank arise 29.9% wage rate. We also find that the civilian officials have better return rate in both factors than military ones. The main reason may due to the promotion process between civilian and military officials are not the same. The promotion in the civilian official base on the experience, the promotion process in military officials may relate to the performance in the war. Therefore the human capital and experience have smaller influence in the military officials’ wage. Using the traditional regression and Heckman two step methodology, the second part of this study estimates the Mincerian earnings function which try to explain the structure of the civilian officer and military bureaucracy sectors, and the return of official rank, the fame of scholarly honor on wage in Fenshan during the occupation period in Qing era. The empirical results indicate: (1) there has a sample selection bias if we estimate with traditional regression. (2) the term of official finished, in mourning for parent's death or the background in Eight banners system has significant effect when we consider the silver honesty system in wage. (3) official rank increases the wage rate of return in civilian and military official if the component of wage does not consider the silver honesty system. Finally, the dissertation investigates the influence of silver honesty system (SHS) in the wage of civilian officer. The empirical estimation finds that the implantation of policy increases the wage between 0.5 to dozens of times through difference and differences methodology (DID). The estimation also indicates that the FAME and RANK affect the available amount of salaries significantly.

隨著中國大陸2001年加入世界貿易組織逐步開放金融服務業以來，外資銀行無不爭先進入這個僅次於美國的第二經濟體搶食大餅，但外資銀行盈利表現仍較本土陸銀遜色，究其原因主要乃是外資銀行通路不若陸銀普遍。台灣自2010年與中國大陸簽訂《海峽兩岸經濟合作框架協議》以來，至2013年6月底止台資銀行已有10家在陸設分行，為加速台資在陸布局，解決據點不足之問題，以參股之形態將可快速獲得陸銀已普設據點及深耕原有客戶之好處。 在承作業務限制、營運風險以及持股比例等因素考量下，本文以城市商業銀行作為研究對象，試圖探究城市商業銀行經營績效之影響因素，以作為台資銀行參股陸資銀行之參考。本研究蒐集2006年至2011年中國大陸地區城市商業銀行相關財務資料，共計398個樣本，先以資料包絡分析法求得各城市商業銀行效率，再以Tobit模型進一步分析影響其效率之因素為何。實證發現，地方首長任期年數、資產規模、權益資產比及地方生產總值皆對城市商業銀行經營效率有顯著正向的影響。而壞帳率則對城市商業銀行之經營績效有顯著的負向影響。 另外我們亦加入了城市商業銀行所在地區及時間二個虛擬變數，發現位處沿海地區亦較內陸地區經營績效為高，而在2006年至2011年之觀察期中，城市商業銀行經營效率有相較於前一年，越來越低之趨勢。 / Since China has joined the World Trade Organization and has opened financial market from 2001, foreign banks strive to enter the second largest economic system. However, the performance of foreign banks is not as well as China’s banks because service network of foreign banks in China is not widespread. Investing China’s local banks directly becomes the most efficient method to get service network rapidly and serve local customers deeply. This research seeks determinants of performance efficiency of China’s city commercial banks and to be an useful reference of investing China’s banks for Taiwan. The research collects relative financial data of China’s city commercial banks from 2006 to 2011, including 398 samples. In addition, it uses DEA to get efficiency of every city commercial banks, and then analyzes what the determinants are through Tobit model. Evidence shows that governor’s tenure, scale of asset, equity-asset ratio, and GDP all have positive effect on performance efficiency of China’s city commercial banks; however, bad debt ratio has obviously negative effect on the performance efficiency of China’s city commercial banks. Moreover, we find that the offshore banks are normally inefficient than inbound banks. In addition, during 2006 to 2011 the efficiency of China’s city commercial banks show a descending trend.

隨著網際網路的興起，網路銀行應運而生。十年多來，網路銀行在IT技術與相關法令方面，日益完整。網路銀行的競爭已由技術層面提升到行銷面，其中最重要的課題就是顧客關係管理。 顧客關係管理的實施對企業的流程、策略與組織結構等等都可能產生重大影響，因此需要將其定位為一種策略工具，才能獲得成功，不能只把它當成是一種科技解決方案。為了解成功的金融機構如何建立起其顧客關係管理策略，本文採用個案研究方法，透過了解台灣在這方面績效優異的金融機構，探討其顧客關係管理策略，以供有關業者與學者之參考。 關鍵字：顧客關係管理、網路銀行、金融機構 / In the internet era, e-Banking evolves exceedingly. Over the last ten years, e-Banking technology has grown day after day. e-Banking solutions are now readily available. Lately, competition in e-Banking is more on the Marketing aspect, rather than Information Technology itself. Among various important topics underneath Marketing, the most critical one is Customer Relationship Management. Implementation of Customer Relationship Management implies change of processes, tactics and institutional framework within an organization. Therefore, it should be positioned as one of the strategic issues rather than simply a tactic. In order to understand how a Financial Institution can establish its Customer Relationship Management strategy effectively, this paper adopts case study approach to explore what the Customer Relationship Management strategy of a successful Financial Institution entails. Key words: Customer Relationship Management, e-Banking， Financial Institution

本文研究的是公司的所有權結構對於合併關係的影響，衡量是否在雙方銀行持股結構差異較大時，雙方合併的綜效或風險會因此而增加。本研究的另一項重點，在於試圖對一些在股權結構上的傳統認知提出挑戰。我們往往認為政府持股比率越高時，企業整體的營運會趨於無效率化；而當法人或金融機構持股比率較高時，這些公司較能夠用公正的立場來監督董事會或是企業經營的成果；而家族持股比率部分，說法則正反不一。本部分研究與其他類似研究的最大不同點，是挑選了台灣近年蓬勃發展的銀行業，希望能在此高度受到管制的行業當中，找出證據證明或是反駁上述的刻板印象。 經過研究與分析之後我們發現，家族以及政府機關持股比率對銀行的發展存在不良影響，然而我們卻缺乏顯著證據證明金融機構持股比率將有利於銀行合併。最後，在本研究中代表部分文化差異的持股結構差異變數，對於銀行在合併前後的提列呆帳準備、稅前淨利以及營運成本有顯著的不良影響，符合本研究的基本假設。 / This paper is to examine the relationship between corporate ownership structure and mergers & acquisitions, and to comprehend whether the “Ownership Distance” will affect the synergy or the risk during corporate mergers & acquisitions. Moreover, we study the conventional wisdom of relationship between ownership structure and corporate governance. Traditionally, we are usually accepted the idea that government controlling companies will result in operating inefficiency, and institutional shareholders are more impartial auditors. First, our results in sample of Taiwan banking industry indicate that the family and government shareholders are harmful to corporate governance, and the result of financial institutional shareholders is uncertain. Second, we find evidence that the “Ownership Distance” which roughly describes culture distance between merger companies will have a negative impact on several income statement components such as “provisions”, “earning before tax”, and “overhead cost”. The result is cohered with our hypothesis.

隨著全球化的時代來臨，產業基於成本、市場、原物料供應以及追隨顧客等因素遂跨國經營，以追求利潤、提升競爭力或生存。銀行業也不例外，本文研究目的即在探討銀行國際化程度的高低對其經營績效的影響，並就相關文獻整理與資料蒐集彙整，研究台灣本地銀行赴海外設立營運據點的過程、背景，以探討銀行國際化程度對其績效之影響。在研究方法方面，本文針對2002年到2005年底全體本國銀行之國際化指標、廠商特性與其財務績效等變數進行研究，以多元迴歸模型計進行實證研究。國際化指標方面，以海外據點占總據點、海外營收佔總營收、海外資產占總資產及海外員工占總員工人數比等國際化變數加以衡量；廠商特性則以代表規模的資產與代表經驗的成立時間衡量；銀行績效則以資產報酬率（Return On Asset，ROA）與股東權益報酬率（Return On Equity，ROE）衡量。研究結果發現銀行海外據點比、海外資產比與國外員工比等國際化指標對銀行ROA、ROE均有顯著的正面影響；而ROA較ROE更為顯著，顯示銀行的國際化程度對其經營績效的確有正向影響。本研究結果應可提供銀行業經營策略之擬定與政府訂定相關政策與法規之參考。