電子產業為台灣主流產業，相關化學品使用量很大，過去多仰賴國外進口，是台灣傳統化學化工產業可用以轉型並切入的利基點。但台灣電子產業製造廠對本土化學材料供應商卻信心不足，有時根本連上線測試的機會都沒有。D公司是作者曾經任職的電子化學材料公司，也是A光電公司(LCD面板製造商)與E化學公司合資的公司，A公司的策略考量為掌握面板的上游原物料，E公司之策略則為穩定下游產品出海口。A光電公司知道要做什麼樣的產品，E化學公司則在過去累積了許多特用化學品的專業知識，所以D公司事實上是所謂know-what and know-how的結合，是電子化學材料公司轉型成功的一個案例。 本研究為導入邱志聖（2014）的4C架構，並分析D公司如何以產業的後進者，卻能克服日本競爭者的先行者優勢，而成功的關鍵點，並以此作為後續其他進入此領域或相類似產業公司的參考。藉由D公司與此產業主要競爭對手日本化學材料公司的4C比較分析可以看出，外顯單位效益成本涵蓋範圍廣，大家各有勝負，很難點出問題的核心及思考解決的策略；又日本化學材料公司的道德危機成本低於D公司，很難立即改變；但D公司的資訊交易成本比日本競爭者低(因為客戶A公司是同集團公司)。這也許是一個很好的切入點，所以D材料公司的行銷策略方向與順序為先利用降低交易成本的方式(與客戶建立合資公司)，進而提升技術與成本降低等外顯單位效益成本的競爭力，並藉著產品導入的機會與實績，逐漸提升與建立聲譽(降低道德危機成本)，再利用時機點的掌握與對手的可能犯錯，有策略的解決及導入有高替換成本的產品，最後再以此更強化道德危機成本。 本研究案例可提供傳統化工公司轉型之行銷策略參考，亦可適用於其他行銷門檻較高的產業。 / The electronic industry is one of the major industries in Taiwan. The chemicals consumption in this industry are huge and most imported from abroad. This could be the right industry or relative new area that the traditional chemical company in Taiwan can transform to. “D” company is a joint venture of “A” optoelectronic company (LCD panel maker) and “E” chemical company. “A” company knows the electronic products and technology trend, while “E” chemical has experience and professional knowhow in specialty chemical domain. “D” company possesses the knowledge of “know-what” and “know-how”, and is a successful chemical company in electronic industry. This study introduced the “4C Framework of Strategic Marketing Analysis” (Chiou 2014) and analyzed the key points that how the “D” company can succeed as a latecomer in the electronic chemical industry. By means of 4C analysis, it is clear to identify that the C2 (cost of information search) in “D” company is much lower than competitors due to belonging to the same group with major customer. By this, “D” company has the platform and advantages to further reduce the cost of utilities, such as technology learning curve and cost structure. By successfully introducing the products to customer one by one and build-up the credibility and reputation step by step, this can reduce the cost of moral hazard. However, the cost of asset specific is difficult to overcome. Sometime it needs to wait for the opportunity and/or the mistakes made by the competitors. With the overcome of cost of asset specific can bring more credit and reputation to further reduce the cost of moral hazard. This case study can be applied as the reference of strategic marketing analysis for transformation of traditional chemical company to electronic chemical company. It is also suitable in the area with high marketing barrier.

自八O年代以後，台灣半導體通路產業即邁入了激烈的競爭時代。眾多高同質性的業者，相互競奪上游產品線的代理權，以及下游買者市場的交易權；業者的生存契機，主要來自於提供上、下游業者間進行商業交換的平台。因此，此一平台所能提昇的交換效率，及其處理跨組織間交換成本的能力，乃成為不容忽視的課題。半導體通路業為台灣資訊工業中，歷史悠久且具重要地位的產業；研究瞭解半導體通路產業之價值鏈活動，將有助於台灣半導體通路產業之促進升級。 半導體通路商所從事之價值鏈活動功能，予以分類概有商流、物流、金流、資訊流及技術流等五大項；其中，諸多研究證實——技術支援能力，乃屬半導體通路商之核心競爭力之一。過去有關半導體通路商的研究，大多是由競爭策略、企業資源規劃及整體通路之價值鏈活動等觀點著手，但專注於技術流部分，予以進行4C交換成本態勢分析之探討者，則尚未得見；因此，本研究乃有其創始性。 本研究以台灣地區的半導體通路商為研究對象，期望所做研究結果可供台灣半導體通路業者，做為規劃技術行銷策略之實務參考。本研究屬於質性之探索性研究，經由個案訪談及問卷之初級資料與次級資料的蒐集彙整，並以4C交換成本理論的四個主要變數：外顯單位效益成本、資訊搜尋成本、道德危機成本、專屬陷入成本，進行個案企業之比較分析，並歸納出下列之研究發現與結論： 1. 上游供應商與通路商之技術合作，其對通路商處理交換成本能力的需求排序為：道德危機成本、資訊搜尋成本、專屬陷入成本、外顯單位效益成本。 2. 技術性協力廠商與通路商之技術合作，其對通路商處理交換成本能力的需求排序：道德危機成本、外顯單位效益成本、資訊搜尋成本、專屬陷入成本。 3. 下游系統製造廠商與通路商之技術合作，其對通路商處理交換成本能力的需求為：外顯單位效益成本之功效，高於內隱交換成本之效能。 4. 規模經濟型之半導體通路商，其對下游系統製造商所提供之技術支援服務功能，外顯單位效益成本的優勢，高於內隱交換成本。 5. 利基型之半導體通路商，其對下游系統製造商所提供之技術支援服務功能，內隱交換成本優勢，高於外顯單位效益成本。 6. 經營低技術層次產品之半導體通路商，其對下游系統製造商所提供之技術支援服務功能，外顯單位效益成本的優勢，高於內隱交換成本。 / After the eighth decade, the channel industry of Taiwan semiconductor moved toward serious competition. Many of high similarity company compete with each other in the agency of product line source and the buyer market of OEM customer; the survival opportunity of company is to provide the platform for the exchange between the supplier and customer. Hence, the most critical point is to increase the efficiency and to reduce the exchange cost between the cross-organization in the platform. Semiconductor channel industry is long historical with important position in Taiwan information industry; to investigate and study the semiconductor channel industry will contribute to the research for the upgrade of semiconductor channel industry in Taiwan. The value chain activity of semiconductor channel can be break through into business flow, logistics, financial flow, information flow and technology flow; Among them, technical support ability has been approved to be one of the key competitiveness of the semiconductor channel by many researches. Most of the past researches stood on the views, such as competitive strategy, Enterprise Resource Planning and whole value chain activity, etc., but the point on the 4C exchanges cost co-opetition analysis in the technology flow has not been seen yet. Hence, it’s important for this research. This research is expected to provide the result for the practice reference of the technical marketing strategy to the Taiwan semiconductor channel by focusing on them. This research is belong to the qualitative exploratory research from the data collection of the primary and the secondary information in the interview cases and questionnaires, then to analyze the cases comparatively by the four primary parameters of the 4C exchange cost the cost: the external cost on utility, information searches, morals hazard and hold up asset specificity. Finally, the following important results have been pointed out: 1. The sort of the technical cooperation between the channel and the supplier to the requirement for the channel ability in dealing with exchange cost is: morals hazard, information searches, asset specificity and the external cost on utility. 2. The sort of the technical cooperation between the channel and the independent design house (IDH) to the requirement for the channel ability in dealing with exchange cost is: moral hazard, the external cost on utility, information searches and asset specificity. 3. The technical cooperation between the channel and the system manufacture customer to the requirement for the channel ability in dealing with exchange cost is: the effectiveness of the external cost on utility is higher than that of the inner exchange cost. 4. The technology support service function to the system manufacture customer from the semiconductor channel of the scale economic type is: the advantage of the external cost on utility is higher than that of the inner exchange cost. 5. The technology support service function to the system manufacture customer from the niche type semiconductor channel is: the advantage of the inner exchange cost is higher than that of the external cost on utility. 6. The technology support service function to the system manufacture customer from the semiconductor channel with operating in the low technical level product is: the advantage of the external cost on utility is higher than that of the inner exchange cost.

本研究以台灣、大陸及日本的觸控產業為主要的研究對象，依據邱志聖(2010)提出的4C策略行銷作為理論的架構，並依據AHP分析模式，將4C設定為目標構面，並同時展開評估準則，依據不同的對象－整體觸控產業、專業型觸控廠商、垂直整合型廠商及水平多角化廠商作出4C整體及個別交叉比較矩陣的分析，以分析出目標構面及評估準則的相對權重，以作為有效行銷策略的制定。　 其中整體觸控產業及專業型觸控廠商在4C行銷構面的權重及一致性較高，行銷策略運用的順位（由大到小）分別為：道德危機成本(C3)、專屬陷入成本(C4)、單位效益成本(C1)以及資訊搜尋成本(C2)。 就個別廠商類型之行銷評估準則的權重分析來看，仁慈同理心、降低總生產成本及產品專屬資產都是相對權重比較高的項目。尤其是整體觸控產業、專業型觸控廠商和垂直整合型廠商都是將仁慈同理心列為最重要的行銷評估準則；而水平多角化廠商則是比較特殊的，將產品定位列為最重要的行銷評估準則。 另外，專業型觸控廠商相當重視信守合約的承諾及提升買方效益。重視信守合約的承諾主要是因為客戶對產品的規格要求很高，若是能承諾完全達到客戶的要求，或是超過客戶的期望，這對未來長期合作均有明顯的幫助。而提升買方效益則主要是以產品定位在高品質及技術領先的領導觸控廠商為主，這與降低總生產成本為主要行銷評估準則的成本導向的觸控廠商是完全不同的行銷策略。 垂直整合型廠商則是特別加強與客戶之間要建立有效人員專屬資產。因為此類型廠商主要是延伸既有LCD合作關係上，再逐次增加觸控面板的合作商機，因此建立在既有的高層主管之間的人員專屬資產是最有效的行銷策略。 而水平多角化廠商則是採取比較特殊的行銷評估準則，將產品定位列為最重要的行銷評估準則。強調可以整合現有客戶端的觸控既有的產品規格與水平多角化觸控廠商的產品作一定程度的結合，以建立廣義的產品專屬資產。 / This research to Taiwan, China and Japan of touch panel industry for research of object, according to Professsor Jyh-Shen Chiou (2010) proposed of 4C strategic marketing as theory of schema, and according to AHP analysis model, will analylze the object and criteria for marketing target, and while started assessment to different of touch panel industry including professional touch panel manufacturers, vertical integration manufacturer and horizontal diversification manufacturers to made 4C overall and the individual cross compared matrix of analysis together with the assessment guidelines of relative weight,　 To serve as an effective marketing strategy formulation, overall touch panel industry and professional touch manufacturers in the higher weight and consistency of 4C marketing perspective, marketing strategies using the sequence (from large to small) are as follows: cost of moral hazard(C3), cost of specific asset(C4), unit cost/utility(C1), and cost of information search(C2). The weight of individual manufacturers guidelines for assessing types of marketing analysis, benevolence , reduce the total cost, and product specific asset are the highest weight of assessment criteria. Especially the whole touch panel industry recognizes benevolence as the most important assessment criteria level. Horizontal diversification manufacturers are quite special to keep product positioning as the most important marketing assessment criteria. In addition, the professional touch manufacturers attach considerable importance to honor its contractual commitments (can do) and increasing utility of the buyer. Attention to honor its contractual commitments is mainly because of the high customer specifications, to undertake to fully meet the customer's requirements or exceed our customers ' expectations, which had obvious help for future long-term cooperation. Vertical-integration manufacturers are particularly strengthened with customers to establish an effective personnel specific asset because this type of firms mainly extends on both LCD partnership, again increasing cooperation between the touch panel, a major marketing strategy can build on existing senior management staff between exclusive is the most effective. Horizontal diversification manufacturers are taking product positioning as the most important marketing assessment criteria to establish a broad product-specific assets.

隨著web2.0的時代到來，很多基於互聯網的產品也發展迅速。分享性視頻網站YouTube誕生之後，中國大陸也開始了網絡視頻的發展。然而視頻網站在2006-2007年爆發式出現之後，又相繼沒落，真正能夠留下來並且流量大幅成長、甚至盈利的網站並不多。本研究以先進者樂視網，後進者優酷網為研究個案，以策略行銷4C架構來分析作為中國大陸視頻網站的先進者和後進者建立了哪方面的優勢從而在市場中立足，並且這些優勢是通過什麼樣的策略建立起來並可以支撐網站成為其核心競爭優勢。最終，本研究通過分析先進者樂視網和後進者優酷網兩家成功企業所建立的交換成本找到了其建立的核心優勢，並給出了視頻網站成立之後的實務建議。 / With the advent of web2.0, many Internet-based products are growing rapidly. After the birth of the sharing of video sites YouTube, mainland China also began the development of online video site. However, only few video sites can survive in the competitive market and grow successfully. This study examines the competitive advantage of the first mover, Letv and the late mover, Youku, based on the 4C framework. It also explore what kinds of strategies that the two video sites deploy to develop their core competitive advantages. In the end, the study finds the core advantage of the establishment of the two companies by analyzing the exchange cost established, and gives the practical suggestions after the establishment of the video website.

本研究在探討專案經理管理專案逐步完善的過程 (Progressive Elaboration)中，面對接踵而來的專案變更 (Change) 以及不確定性 (Uncertainty)，如何能以客戶觀點來看待專案管理的利害得失 ( Advantage / Disadvantage / Gain / Lost )，滿足客戶需求以創造客戶價值。 本研究認為專案管理的重點在於專案變更管理。藉由策略行銷4C架構的思維，將能有效彌補專案經理在企管知識與經驗上落差，將專案管理的重點聚焦在客戶關心的專案管理重點上，透過行銷交換上四個成本問題的解決，來為客戶與專案創造價值。本研究透過以客戶與專案經理的不同觀點來回顧與檢討兩個實務個案，建議在管理專案時以策略行銷4C架構思維作為和客戶溝通的思考架構，聚焦於如何兼顧三重限制下，把專案管理的價值提升到同時滿足專案與商業的成功。換言之，藉由行銷交換四大成本問題的解決來“作對的事”(Do the right thing)以滿足客戶的期望，而讓專案管理方法論聚焦於專案管理團隊如何管理專案，來解決“把事作對”(Do the thing right) 的問題。

本研究回顧過去「資訊通路」相關研究發現，主要集中在幾個議題，例如：經營或競爭策略、通路管理、產品訂價模式、顧客忠誠度、通路服務品質、供應商關係管理、或個案公司之研究；而回顧關於「技術採用生命週期」與「跨越鴻溝」相關研究較少且多集中於高科技技術，如LED、IC設計、網站平台..或個案產品之研究，如iPod、筆記型電腦、電子書、網路電視..等。且大部研究的探討範圍較缺乏以產業角度研究數位產品之相關通路服務需求；且並未發現根據Geoffrey A . Moore(1991)跨越鴻溝一書所論述「高科技行銷通路」理論之提出有效履行「完整產品」之實務架構並進行可行性研究。 　　就實務面觀察，多數創新數位產品在通路推展成功機率很低且擴散速度緩慢，因此本研究針對影響數位產品成敗因素分為企業內部因素、外在環境因素與通路因素三部分，並針對品牌原廠非完全可控制之通路因素進行深入分析研究。關研究方法方面，本研究以通路服務業觀點先探討數位產品的演進趨勢對消費者與品牌原廠通路服務需求的影響，接著探討消費者與品牌原廠對現有主要數位產品通路型態之滿意度分析，找出「市場需求缺口」是否存在與各項服務需求與滿意度(放心度)之差異程度；再進一步驗證本研究提出創新服務模式-「官網下單&透過區域專業經銷商交貨」之適用性與滿意度改善之比較。本研究進一步分析可能影響各項通路服務需求與滿意度的因素，包括消費者類型與品牌原廠類型。 　　經過資料分析，本研究的主要研究結果有五點，包括：消費者與品牌原廠之通路服務需求的確存在且被數位產品的演進所影響、不同類型消費者會影響對通路服務需求與通路型態的放心程度、不同類型品牌原廠影響對通路服務需求的程度不大；但會影響推展新產品初期通路選擇之策略、創新通路服務模式(官網下單&透過區域專業經銷商交貨) 符合消費者與品牌原廠需求並提升滿意度、數位產品之採用生命週期曲線之「鴻溝現象」仍然存在，且與Geoffrey A . Moore(1991)之技術採用生命週期曲線之結構有所不同。 根據上述的研究結果，本研究提出下列建議給予實務界參考： 一、對數位產品通路服務公司：跳脫「競爭」與「去服務化」思維，以實際市場需求出發以建構企業價值鏈與提升附加價值、 有效整合數量龐大區域加值經銷商的在地力量建構「售後服務」機制、優先建構「導入時效」通路價值鏈。二、對創新數位產品之品牌原廠：運用創新通路服務模式彌補目前面臨通路服務滿意度之落差、以官網發展虛實整合的創新通路服務模式較可滿足消費者需求。 / In this study, we have reviewed the existing thesis and research about keyword of IT channel and found that focused on several issues , such as: business or competitive strategy, channel management, product pricing model, customer loyalty, channel service quality, supplier relationship management, or the case company the study; About the number of existing thesis and research of "technology adoption life cycle" and "Crossing the Chasm" is rare and found that more concentrated in high technology product, such as LED, IC design, web platform .. or some case studies, such as iPod, notebook, e-books, network TV .. and so on. And lack of research to explore the issue of digital products industry ‘s real demand for channel services; and we have not found according to the theory of "high-tech marketing channel" discussed by the book of Geoffrey A. Moore’s "Crossing the Chasm" to proposed the effective implementation architecture of "whole product" and do some research. Through the observations of the practical , most innovative digital products is very low probability of success in channel marketing and spread slowly, so the study of divided the success or failure factors of digital products into three parts,including business internal factors, external environmental factors and channel factors, and in this study focus and analysis depthly to the channel factor that the brand company ‘s non-completely control . About research methods, this research study first the impact of channel service demand of the consumers and brand company by evolution of digital products through channel service’s viewpoint. Then we analysis the the satisfaction of consumer and brand company to existing major channels of digital products to identify "market demand gap" and the difference degree between the service needs and satisfaction (comfort level); further validate the applicability and satisfaction improvement degree of the innovative service model - "place orders on the official website and delivery goods through the regional dealer in relatived field" . This study further analyzed the various factors that may affect the service needs and satisfaction, including types of consumers and the types of brand company. After data analysis, the main findings of this study have five points, including: The demand of consumer and the brand company for channel services are affected by the evolution of digital products; The demand for channel services and comfort level will be affected by the different types of consumers;The demand for channel services won’t be affected by the different types of brand company, but the choice of the initial channel strategy will be affected by the different types of brand company;The innovative service model - "place orders on the official website and delivery goods through the regional dealer in relatived field" can meet the demend and improve satisfaction of the customer and brand company;The " Chasm phenomenon" of " the digital product adoption life cycle curve " still exists, and different with the structure of Geoffrey A. Moore (1991) of the technology life-cycle curve . Based on the above findings, this study proposes to practitioners the following recommendations: First, for channel services company of digital products: Give up "competition" and "off service" thinking t o construct the enterprise value chain and value- up by actual market demand；To integrate the huge forces of local value-added- reseller to construct the "after-sale- service" mechanism;Give the high priority to construct the value chain of "Time to market". Second, for the brand company of digital product : Take advantage with the innovative service model - "place orders on the official website and delivery goods through the regional dealer in relatived field" to make up for the satisfaction of the channel service；To create the innovation virtual-physical- channel service model by the official website to meet consumer demand.

TFT-LCD（薄膜電晶體液晶顯示器）是台灣全力發展的重點產業。TFT-LCD 產業特徵是專業分工產業，LCD產業價值鏈可分成上游材料廠商、中游面板廠商、下游應用廠商。主要的上游零件及材料包括玻璃基板(glass substrate)、彩色濾光片(color filter)、偏光板/膜(polarizer)、背光模組(backlight module)、驅動IC(Driver IC)、配向膜(alignment layer)。 LCD面板生產所需要的這些原材料占面板生產總成本的70％以上。對面板製造商來說，透過整合減少成本成為一個重要的議題。許多面板的關鍵零組件是設計導入(design in)的產品，對於面板設計，需要配合製造商的要求和規格。所以面板廠商和關鍵零組件廠商之間的快速溝通和反應是非常重要。 目前部分材料是從國外進口的，其中配向膜是日商擁有90%的市佔率。雖然LCD面板成本結構中的比重不高，但是液晶配向膜是決定液晶顯示器面板品質的關鍵材料。主要的配向膜廠商分別是日產化學和JSR。雙方都是日商的化學公司。JSR是2005年投入台灣市場，設立JSRmicro(台灣捷時雅邁科股份有限公司)，日產化學則是2010年才進入台灣市場。而且日產化學是液晶配向膜的先鋒者，10年前的市占率大約80%，但是今年降低到50%。日產化學進來台灣時，透過日系綜合商社來交易。而JSR在台灣則是透過台灣的中間商(華立通路商)來交易。 本研究以日系液晶顯示器關鍵材料配向膜廠商「台灣日產化學」為實例，進行專業訪談。探討台灣日產化學之中游面板廠商的產業鏈，並希望運用邱志聖(2010)之策略行銷4C架構分析，進行深入探討日產化學在台灣市場中，如何降低台灣LCD面板廠商的交易成本包含外顯單位效益成本、資訊搜尋成本、道德危機成本、專屬陷入成本，進而了解此公司的競爭優勢，繼而進行跟競爭對手的4C成本比較分析，提供個案公司建議。 本研究目的為了解： 1.日產化學跟客戶之間的4C關係 2.日產化學與通路商之間的關係 3.日產化學跟競爭對手(JSR)的作法比較 研究結果發現： 1.中間商的選擇、數量、提供的產品種類多寡，以及中間商提供的服務都會影響到日產化學對面板廠商的交易成本。 2.相同產業內供應商提供的產品種類多寡會影響到對面板廠商以及中間商的交易成本。 3.製造商之知名度的高低會影響到中間商的選擇權力。 / TFT-LCD (thin film transistor liquid crystal display) is one of the key industries in Taiwan. TFT-LCD industry is characterized as a specialization industry. The LCD industry value chain can be divided into upstream materials manufacturers, the midstream panel manufacturers, and downstream application vendors. Upstream material parts include glass substrate, color filter, polarizer film, backlight module, the driver IC, and alignment layer. These essential components needed in LCD panel production account for more than 70% of the total cost in panel production. Therefore an important issue for panel makers is to reduce costs through integration. As many of the key components of the panel is the “design in product”, which need to be designed according to manufacturer's requirements and specifications, rapid communication and response between panel manufacturers and key components manufacturers is very important. Some materials are imported from abroad; Japanese companies have 90% market share in the alignment film market. Although the proportion of the cost structure of the LCD panel is not high, but the alignment layer is the key material to determine the quality of liquid crystal display panel. Two main alignment film makers are Nissan Chemical and JSR. They both are Japanese chemical companies. JSR devotes into Taiwanese market in 2005, and established JSRmicro. Nissan Chemical started its business in Taiwan at 2010, by establishing Taiwan Nissan Chemical. Nissan Chemical is the pioneer in liquid crystal alignment film and once had approximately 80 percent of market share 10 years ago, but it has declined to 50% as of now. Nissan Chemical transact through Japanese Sogo Shosha in Taiwai. JSR transact through Taiwanese intermediaries (Wahlee distributor) in Taiwan. In this study, Japanese liquid crystal alignment layer manufacturer Taiwan Nissan Chemical were professionally interviewed, then explored between Taiwan Nissan Chemical and the panel manufacturers’ industry chain. This study will also apply strategic marketing 4C framework for analysis, then conduct an in-depth investigation on how Taiwan Nissan Chemical reduces transaction costs for Taiwan LCD panel manufacturers, illustrate the company's competitive advantage through the transaction costs analysis, including buyer utility cost, information searching cost, moral hazard cost, and asset specificity cost, and lastly compare with the competitor’s transaction cost. The purposes of this research are: 1. The 4C relationship between Nissan Chemical and the client 2. The relationship between Nissan chemical and the distributors 3. The 4C comparison between Nissan Chemical and the competitor (JSR) The results of study show that: 1. A choice of intermediaries, the number of intermediaries, the number of product that intermediaries offer, and the services intermediaries provide will affect the transaction costs of Nissan Chemical for panel makers. 2. The product range provided by the suppliers within the same industry would affect the transaction costs of panel makers and intermediaries, 3. The well-known level of the manufacturer will affect the power of choice for intermediaries.

自貿易自由化及全球化以來,先進國家的教育「市場化」已成趨勢。此時教 育產業中的消費者-學生與其家長可依據其意願和偏好在眾多教育機構中來做 選擇,教育市場勢必逐漸走向「消費者」主導的競爭機制。近年來,全球少子化 議題延燒,台灣更在 2012 年創下全球最低生育率,其中幼托產業首當其衝。不 僅在幼兒就讀人數的逐年下降外,幼兒園的核心資源-幼教師亦因不斷增設的公 立幼兒園,嚴重的流失。 本研究即以幼兒園為研究主題,屬質性之個案研究,以個案公司-A 公司為 研究對象,並選擇同一教學法及規模相近之標竿公司作為比較基準,探討與個案 主體公司之經營現狀比較,並運用策略行銷 4C 模型中四項消費者心中產生之成 本-外顯單位效益成本、資訊蒐集成本、道德危機成本、專屬陷入成本作為架構, 進一步探討兩公司之現行策略中,與消費者心中主觀成本間所產生的落差,並依 據分析結果提出針對 A 公司未來發展策略之建議。 研究中發現私立幼兒園在營運模式上,應著重在服務模式及教學專業的精進, 以提升消費者心中的價值,得以降低其外顯單位效益成本(C1),並對消費者及內 部員工皆維持一致的產品定位,以降低資訊搜集成本(C2)及道德危機成本(C3); 最後因長期耕耘的品牌價值,與消費者建立起專屬資產,得以成為消費者最後的 選擇。最後,需同時洞察市場變化及風險,即時掌握學前教育政策,靈活彈性的 調整企業自身的狀態,達到永續經營的長程目標。 / Since trade liberalization and globalization, the marketization of education in advanced countries has become a trend. At this point in the education industry, consumers - the students and their parents can choose educational institutions in accordance with their wishes and preferences. Therefore, the education market is gradually moving toward the consumers-leading competition. In recent years, as the world's dramatically birthrate declining and continuing as a hot issue, Taiwan even reached a new record of world’s lowest fertility rate in 2012, which directly impacted private child-care industry. Not only declining number of children enrolled, but also increased turnover rate of the teachers due to new-established public preschools and day-care centers. The theme of this research aims at preschool industry, using the qualitative study on A company and choose a same approach and size as the benchmark company to discuss A company current operation situation. Besides, applying strategy marketing 4C model –Cost of External Unit Effectiveness(C1), Cost of Searching(C2), Cost of Moral Hazard(C3) and Cost of Engagement(C4), to further investigate the gap between corporate strategies and the consumers’ insight needs. Then propose suggestions of future development strategy to A company based on the analysis results. The study found that the business model of preschool should focus on client service systems and sophisticated teaching development in order to enhance the value of consumer insights, and to significantly reduce the external unit tcost-effectiveness (C1). In additions, given the consistent brand positioning to both consumers and internal teachers could effectively reduce the cost of searching (C2) and the moral cost (C3). In the end, as a result of a long-term cultivation of brand value to establish exclusive assets to clients, it spontaneously becomes the customer first choice with high royalty. Moreover, it is also suggested that people should keep high awareness to industrial changes and challenges, and timely review the government regulations to ensure sustainability of the company.

FMCG快速移動消費性產品泛指商品使用週期較短、產品消費速度較快、消費者需要不斷重複購買的產品，由於消費者對此種產品的涉入程度低、認知品牌間產品特性差異不大，為了提高市佔率，企業常會以品牌價值創造做為行銷要點，因此，本研究主要依據邱志聖教授所提出的「4C策略行銷分析架構」，就FMCG買方面對品牌廠商所投入的行銷組合的價值評估，與賣方在交易過程獲得品牌權益累積的作法，以雙方所投入的四種成本：外顯單位效益成本 (C1)、資訊搜尋成本(C2)、道德危機成本(C3) 以及專屬陷入成本(C4) ，找出品牌發展與建構的成功關鍵因素。 採用居家領導品牌案例並針對產品生命週期的產品導入期、成長期等品牌建構、發展時期進行成功因素分析，發現： 1.就產品導入、品牌建構期： 品牌建構的基礎是商品，品牌廠商必須確保消費者獲得與品牌承諾一致的C1商品品質與效益，產品的開發策略也必須聚焦於產品本身的關鍵技術或者利基開發滿足各種消費者需求，且能不斷提升與累積其使用產品總效益的產品組合延伸，再透過有效的C2投資，建議採用中央路徑直接溝通品牌的商品獨特利益，並採用整合性的行銷傳播媒體傳遞一致的商品訊息與品牌形象，建立一致清楚的品牌內涵並系統性的累積品牌資產。品牌建構的過程必須在商品上市前即對於可能的C3成本建立有效的管控做法與危機處理機制，而持續透過與買者C1效益連結為品牌商品的專屬資產，透過C2活動建立的品牌印象累積品牌專屬資產C4，建立品牌忠誠。 2.就產品成長、品牌發展期： 維持品牌商品的穩定產品品質與運用關鍵技術進入新區隔市場或者產品線延伸都是持續降低消費者外顯單位效益成本C1的有效做法，再透過活用不同的溝通通路與新興科技整合傳遞一致的定位與商品、品牌訊息，降低消費者C2並持續累積品牌C1效益訊息傳遞進而建立品牌的專屬資產C4。品牌發展階段C3的管理控制作業甚或危機處理致關重要，所提及穩定的C1產品品質、透過C2建立C4品牌信任感、面對品牌競爭的C2回應操作都是控制或降低道德危機成本C3的關鍵因素。自品牌建構期到發展期必須定義清楚與系統性的累積消費者對於該品牌的技術方案產品效益、品牌印象偏好等品牌的專屬陷入成本C4，持續的追蹤與運用C4創造更深厚的品牌資產，產生態度與行為的忠誠，促使品牌永續的發展。

網際網路的發達，促成環境快速的變遷，單一化的企業經營型態，已無法在變動快速的商業生態圈中永續生存，而各國為了振新國內產業發展，與提升經濟水準，推出國家發展經濟政策，而在過去以代工為主的亞洲國家，為求轉型發展，文化創意產業，皆為亞洲各國近十多年來不可或缺的國家發展政策之一，以台灣為例，在2002年行政院即提出《挑戰2008：國家發展重點計畫》，「文化創意產業發展計畫」則為其發展計畫之一，台灣文化創意產業發展至今，文化創意結合青年創業，不斷出現更加創新的商業模式，與文創產業聚落和文創園區。 本研究以F公司為研究主題，F公司以活化空間改造，不動產租賃起家，但公司定位不以房東自居，以打造資源多樣性的平台為目的，提供微型創業者合適空間可發揮其才能。初階段平台打造過程中，F公司累積足夠各面向文化創意資源，進而成功轉型，以空間改造為核心，並發展文創聚落規劃設計與經營輔導，給予台灣更多老舊的建築，賦予新生命，在地創生，製造就業機會，吸引青年返鄉，扶植社會企業，讓人與人之間的美好，透過空間活化與街區的重新改造，而更加拉近關係，實現公司成立的主要訴求「創造幸福的小氛圍」。 本研究依個案研究法，深入訪談了解F公司創業初期至現今業務轉型的歷程，探討其經營困難因素與解決之道，本研究以商業模式圖分析其獲利模式，並以邱志聖(2014)策略行銷分析架構來探討其成效，其四種成本分別為：外顯單位效益成本、資訊搜尋成本、道德危機成本、專屬陷入成本。 研究發現F公司在現階段的業務主軸重心轉變為專案式業務，基石來自於初期的成功聚落典範標竿與將初期的目標客群文創業者，整合為關鍵合作夥伴，累積文創資源，形成資源庫，讓F公司有足夠實力可勝任各式在地化的專案街區活化或社區營造規劃業務。 研究結果認為，F公司在對應客戶的四個成本都具有相當大的優勢，以4C角度歸納出關鍵成功因素，並建議增加自媒體與年度節慶活動慶典持續舉辦的行銷宣傳，提高直接消費者粉絲數量，為微型創業者增加效益，更加降低承租人的C1，並且也將文創訊息與活動主動散播給更多一般直接消費者，而降低一般消費者的C2。 / In the past, the economic growth of Taiwan counts on exportation and OEM business, but this world is changing too fast when the internet comes into everyone’s life. The business model is also changing rapidly, too. Last 15 years, Most of Asia countries want to improve and invest culture and creative industry. In 2002 the Taiwan government decided to reform the system to promote and develop the cultural and creative industry. The development of "cultural and creative industry" was considered as one of the important tasks of Taiwan’s Challenge 2008 Six-Year National Development Plan established by Executive Yuan. And now, we can see many different types of business models in culture and creative industry in Taiwan. The Culture Creative Industry Park and Culture Creative Cluster with micro yang entrepreneurs are good examples. This study mainly focuses on the F company in culture and creative industry in Taichung. F company started up from refurbishing unused space and rent it to micro entrepreneurs. F company creates not only spaces but also a happy and creative platform where each entrepreneur can share the resource and ideas. It is exactly the mission F company wants to achieve. In this case study, F company is analyzed by "Business Model Canvas" and "Strategic Marketing 4C Analysis". It concludes F company have great 4C advantage for their clients. This study also suggests F company may consider expanding their "We-Media" and running regularly anniversary campaign to approach more potential clients and also enhance current client’s satisfaction and royalty. Therefore, C1 will be lower for the clients and C2 also will be lower for end-customers.