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151	European payment instruments Pietrowiak, Annett 15 August 2014 (has links) (PDF) This thesis sheds light on the functioning and characteristics of payment systems to serve as a foundation for understanding the drivers for higher payment system efficiency. Its central goal is to develop insights into the determinants of collective payment choice suitable to lower payment costs to society. So far, the institutional environment, as potential important influence on the payment instrument mix, has not been focused on in the literature. Therefore, particular emphasis is laid on the empirical analysis of the impact of institutional factors on the share of card payments on consumer spending at the point of sale (POS). For this, a unique panel data set is constructed covering the eight most important European payment markets ranked by non-cash transaction volumes. The empirical results allow formulating conditions necessary to achieve a more efficient payment mix. They also form a basis for the assessment of related policy measures with a focus on the SEPA project in terms of their efficiency enhancing effect. Future research could possibly build upon the panel data collected. Zahlungsmittel Händlerterminal Zahlungssystem Effizienz europäischer Zahlungsverkehr SEPA einheitlicher Euro-Zahlungsverkehrsraum Kartenzahlung Richtlinie über Zahlungsdienste Kartenzahlung empirische Analyse Skaleneffekte Netzwerkeffekte zweiseitige Märkte Zahlungsmethode Kosten institutionelle Faktoren payment instrument payment mix point of sale payment system efficiency European payment market SEPA Single Euro Payments Area card payment Directive on Payment Services card payment empirical analysis economies of scale network effects two-sided markets payment choice payment costs institutional factors ddc:330 rvk:QK 640
152	Leseverstehen als Ausgangspunkt für die Entwicklung der Ausdrucks- und Schreibfertigkeiten / Reading comprehension as a starting point for the development of expression and writing abilities Zatsepina, Nataliya 23 January 2009 (has links) No description available. 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen FRL 100 FRB 200 FRB 600 FLA 000 FLW 000 JF 640 JF 650 FLG 100 FAB 000 FAE 400 FAB 440 Philosophy Förderung konstruktiver Fertigkeiten Didaktik Leseprozess Schreibprozess Weltwissen Empathie multimediale Kommunikation Musik interaktiv Kognition Emotion Dimensionen des Lesens Leseverstehen Schreibfähigkeit Ausdrucksfähigkeit Lew N. Tolstoj support of constructive skills didactics reading process writing process widening (global) knowledge empathy multimedia communication text images music interactivity cognition emotion dimensions of reading reading comprehesion writing ability capability of expression Lev N. Tolstoy 81.60 81.61 17.41 18.09 18.53 80 77.31 77.46

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European payment instruments

Leseverstehen als Ausgangspunkt für die Entwicklung der Ausdrucks- und Schreibfertigkeiten / Reading comprehension as a starting point for the development of expression and writing abilities