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Showing 21 to 30 of 31 (0.027 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"antinomy"" "subject:"antinomycin""
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A recepção dos tratados internacionais em matéria tributária pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiroFaria, Bianca Castellar de January 2006 (has links)
A presente dissertação objetiva analisar a forma de recepção dos tratados internacionais em matéria tributária pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para isso, é fundamental verificar a relação entre o direito internacional e o direito interno, por meio da análise das teorias monista e dualista. Apresenta-se o Direito Tributário Internacional como uma das variações do Direito Internacional Público, com o objetivo de introduzir a matéria tributária. Estudam-se os tratados como uma das principais fontes do direito internacional e o modo como o Poder Executivo e o Poder Legislativo participam de sua ratificação. Detalham-se, assim, os objetivos e os métodos dos tratados internacionais em matéria tributária, os quais visam a evitar a ocorrência do fenômeno jurídico da bitributação. Concluída a análise do procedimento de internalização desses tratados pelo ordenamento brasileiro, há a possibilidade de surgirem conflitos entre a norma internacional recepcionada e a lei interna anterior ou superveniente. E, por essa razão, apresentam-se os critérios gerais e específicos adotados pela doutrina e pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal para solucionar antinomias jurídicas. / The present dissertation aims to analyze the form of reception of international tax treaties by the Brazilian domestic order. For this to happen, it is important to verify the form as the international law is related with the domestic law. By presenting the International Tax Law as one of the branches of the Public International Law, it is also relevant to study the international treaties as one of the main sources of the International Law, along with the way how the Executive and the Legislative participate of its ratification. Besides that, the dissertation also points for international tax treaties objectives and methods to avoid the double taxation. After the reception of these international treaties, it can appear conflicts with the internal order. And that is te reason to study the general and specific methods adopted by the doctrine and the Federal Supreme Court to solve the legal antinomies.
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Philosophie et modernité dans l’œuvre poétique d’António Ramos Rosa / Philosophy and Modernity in the poetry of António Ramos RosaMaximino, Jorge Augusto 20 November 2009 (has links)
António Ramos Rosa est une figure majeure dans le panorama de la poésie portugaise contemporaine, avec une œuvre singulière qui a contribué, dès les années 50, à la rénovation de l’espace poétique, en ayant un rôle d’intervention théorique et critique au sein des mouvements artistiques au Portugal Notre propos, dans cette recherche, a été d’étudier les rapports entre philosophie et poésie dans le cadre de la modernité, à partir du temps comme ligne d’orientation dans une perspective phénoménologique (Cf. Husserl, Heidegger, Derrida et Deleuze, entre autres). Considérant le langage et l’expérience esthétique comme l’enjeu privilégié de la modernité poétique, nous avons cherché à comprendre la façon dont le discours philosophique s’inscrit dans le matériau de l’œuvre poétique, et à montrer comment l’analyse des textes peut nous permettre de dégager des éléments pour une réflexion concernant leur implication sur le plan ontologique. Ainsi, dès les premières analyses, le temps a été confirmé, non seulement comme élément essentiel, mais aussi comme marqueur principal dans ce discours qui, dans cette poétique, convoque d’autres référents d’ordre phénoménologique contribuant à la structuration d’un langage novateur. Notre approche pragmatique a permis d’identifier le caractère prégnant de ces référents, dans son ensemble. C’est dans ce contexte que l’idée de transformation, de transparence et d’utopie surgissent. Il s’agit d’une situation énonciative qui rapproche poétique et dialectique dans un réseau d’images et modes du discours qui ont pour horizon l’ontologie et en matérialisant dans le langage du poème. / António Ramos Rosa is a major personality in the panorama of contemporary portuguese poetry. Since the decade of 1950, the remarkable originality of his works has been a contribution to the renovation of the poetical universe, having a theoretical and critical main role of intervention among the artistic movements in Portugal. Our project in this research, was to analyse the relations between poetry and philosophy having modernity as its framework, with the concept of time as our guide in a phenomenological perspective (Cf. Husserl, Heidegger, Derrida and Deleuze). Considering language and aesthetic experience as the privileged challenge of modernity in poetry, we have tried to understand in what way the philosophical discourse is inscribed in the poetic works of this author and to show how the analysis of texts allows us to separate the elements of a reflection with an implication on ontological plan. In that way, and since the very first analysis, the concept of time, besides from being an essential element, was to be confirmed as an important mark in the poetic discourse of António Ramos Rosa, and calls for other referents that contribute to structure an innovating language. Our pragmatic approach allows us to identify the particularity of those points, as also as to relevate the place of language and the subject in his totality. In this context the importance of transformation, transparence and utopia became clear. It is a situation of enunciation approaching poetics and dialectics within a web of images and modes of discourse having in the horizon ontology materialized in the language of the poem.
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Transcendental idealism and the organism : essays on KantQuarfood, Marcel January 2004 (has links)
The notion of the organism has a somewhat ambiguous status in Kant’s philosophy. On the one hand it belongs to natural science, on the other hand it is based on an analogy with the structure of reason. Biology therefore has a peculiar place among the sciences according to Kant: it is a natural science constituted by the use of a regulative maxim. The present study places Kant’s views on biological teleology in the larger context of transcendental idealism. It consists of five essays. The first one treats the notions of things in themselves and appearances, arguing for an interpretation in terms of two aspects or perspectives rather than two worlds. The importance of the discursivity of our cognitive capacity is stressed, as well as the need to separate Kant’s various reflective perspectives. In the second essay this interpretation is applied to the third section of the Groundwork, arguing that this text does not belong to theoretical metaphysics, but rather to the articulation of a specifically practical perspective. The third essay discusses similarities and differences between Kant’s a priori conditions for cognition and conceptions of innate ideas in the rationalist tradition. Kant’s comparison of the system of categories with the biological theory of epigenesis is considered in connection to eighteenth century theories of generation. The comparison is viewed as an analogy rather than as a naturalistic theory of the a priori. In the fourth essay Kant’s account of functional attribution in biology is explicated in the context of the present day debate of the issue. It is claimed that Kant’s neo-Aristotelian approach avoids some of the difficulties in the dominant naturalistic accounts of today. Kant’s view differs from the Aristotelian in that it involves a distinction of levels, making it possible to take functional attributions on the one hand as objective from the standpoint of biology but on the other hand as having a merely regulative status from a philosophical point of view. In the fifth essay an interpretation of the antinomy of teleological judgment in the Critique of Judgment is offered. The antinomy is taken to consist in the dialectical tendency to treat the regulative maxims of teleology and mechanism as constitutive principles. The difference between the discursivity of the human understanding and the idea of a non-discursive understanding, an important theme in Kant’s solution of the antinomy, puts the question of biological teleology in relation to central tenets of transcendental idealism.
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Notas de testemunho e recalque: uma experiência musical dos traumas sociais brasileiros em Chico Buarque e Paulinho da Viola (de meados da década de 1960 a meados da década de 1970)Bastos, Manoel Dourado [UNESP] 04 March 2009 (has links) (PDF)
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bastos_md_dr_assis.pdf: 1198858 bytes, checksum: 54a15c73d768d4189075be5b2cd78a7b (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente trabalho organiza uma interpretação histórica da obra de dois importantes nomes da experiência musical brasileira: a saber, Chico Buarque de Hollanda e Paulinho da Viola. O procedimento crítico adotado organiza uma periodização das obras dos cancionistas particulares, reconhecidos num “contexto de obras” mais geral. A partir disso, empreende-se a compreensão do sentido histórico destas obras frente ao contexto de época. Tendo em vista a definição de tal contexto, recorreu-se à crítica da “noção de MPB” (Música Popular Brasileira), chegando-se à conclusão de que esta noção é uma impostura conceitual. Por isso, fez-se necessária a avaliação de referenciais críticos que tratassem da dinâmica histórica da experiência musical brasileira. Para efeitos de análise, trabalhou-se com a avaliação do projeto musical de Mário de Andrade, reconhecendo a bossa nova como um desdobramento contraditório da “utopia do som nacional” do modernista. Em seguida, a fim de consolidar conceitos e categorias sobre a experiência musical brasileira, levando em consideração o pressuposto da análise histórica materialista calcada nas mediações estéticas, organizou-se a interpretação dos métodos críticos de José Ramos Tinhorão e José Miguel Wisnik. Aí, reconheceu-se não apenas o reforço de certo referencial teóricometodológico, mas a ressonância de problemas cuja cristalização inicial está na própria experiência musical estudada. De posse das categorias críticas anteriormente consolidadas, apresenta-se os primeiros anos das obras de Chico Buarque e Paulinho da Viola como um período de maturação de antinomias estéticas que sedimentam em forma... / This thesis organizes a historical interpretation of the work of two important names of Brazilian musical experience, namely: Chico Buarque de Hollanda and Paulinho da Viola. The critical procedure adopted organizes a periodization of the works of particular musicians, recognized in a more generally context of works. From this, it undertakes to understand the historical meaning of these works in the epochal context. In view of the definition of such a context, one appealed to the criticism of the concept of MPB” (Brazilian Popular Music), coming to the conclusion that this notion is a sham conceptual. Therefore, it was necessary to evaluate the critical benchmarks that treat the historical dynamics of Brazilian music experience. To the analysis, one worked with the evaluation of the musical project of Mario de Andrade, recognizing Bossa Nova as a contradictory split of utopia of national sound of the modernist. Then, in view of consolidating concepts and categories on the Brazilian musical experience, taking into account the assumption of historical materialist analysis based on aesthetic mediation, one organized the interpretation of critical methods of José Ramos Tinhorão and José Miguel Wisnik. In them, it was recognized not only the strengthening of certain theoretical and methodological references, but the resonance of problems whose initial crystallization is in the very musical experience studied. In possession of critical categories previously consolidated, it shows the early works of Chico Buarque and Paulinho da Viola as a maturation period of antinomies aesthetic that sediment objective elements of Brazilian social and political structure in forms of the song language... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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An excuse to think in the General Theory of Labour Law: The necessity to demand payment of profits / Una excusa para pensar en la Teoría General del Derecho del Trabajo: la necesidad de Requerimiento de Pago de las UtilidadesNeves Mujica, Javier 12 April 2018 (has links)
This article addresses the antinomy concerning to profit sharing to the workers. Through an analysis of the classic criteria of antinomy solutions and particulars of the Labour Law, the author recognize the prevalence of the classic criteria. / El presente artículo aborda la antinomia referente al pago de utilidades a los trabajadores. Realizando un análisis sobre los criterios de solución de antinomias clásicas y particulares del Derecho del Trabajo, el autor reconoce la prevalencia de los criterios clásicos.
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Sur la réappropriation hégélienne du scepticisme dans les oeuvres de Iéna (1801-1807) : le laboratoire de HegelFarina-Schroll, Andreas 07 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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Consideraciones epistemológicas sobre algunos ítems de los fundamentos de las matemáticasSegura, Lorena 12 July 2018 (has links)
Tomando como punto de partida el proceso revisión de los fundamentos matemáticos llevado a cabo durante el siglo XIX, este estudio se centra en uno de los conceptos matemáticos más importantes: el infinito. Es innegable la importancia de este concepto en el avance de las Matemáticas y es fácil encontrar ejemplos matemáticos en los que interviene (definición de límite, definición de derivada, definición de integral de Riemann, entre otras). Debido a que algunas de las paradojas y contradicciones originadas por la falta de rigor en las Matemáticas están relacionadas con este concepto, se comienza con el estudio epistemológico del concepto matemático del infinito revisando la bipolaridad que presentan algunos conceptos semánticos, definidos de forma inseparable y conjunta, constituyendo un único concepto como si representaran los polos de un imán. En este estudio se concluye que la bipolaridad revela que una lógica conceptual que puede asumir la comprensión de la negación, debe ser una lógica dialéctica, es decir que admite como verdaderas algunas contradicciones. En el caso del concepto matemático de lo finito-infinito, nos encontramos de nuevo con una bipolaridad lógica. Por todo lo expuesto se presenta una teoría no cantoriana para el infinito potencial y actual, basada en la imprecisión lingüística del concepto de infinito, y utilizando el concepto de conjunto homógono, formado por una sucesión convergente y su límite, previamente introducido por Leibniz, que permite aunar los dos polos del concepto de infinito en un único conjunto. Esta nueva teoría de conjuntos permitirá presentar en lenguaje homogónico, algunos de los conceptos fundamentales del análisis tales como, la diferencial y la integral, así como algunas aplicaciones a la Óptica y a la Mecánica Cuántica. Posteriormente se presenta la categoría lógica de la oposición cualitativa a través de diferentes ejemplos de diversas áreas de la ciencia, y se define, a través de tres reglas o normas básicas, el paso de la lógica aristotélica o analítica a la lógica sintética, que incluye al neutro como parte de la oposición cualitativa. Con la aplicación de estas normas a la oposición cualitativa y, en particular, a su neutro, se demuestra que la lógica sintética permite la verdad de algunas contradicciones. Esta lógica sintética es dialéctica y multivaluada y da a cada proposición un valor de verdad en el intervalo [0,1], que coincide con el cuadrado del módulo de un número complejo. Esto marca una notable novedad respecto de la lógica aristotélica o analítica que otorga valores de verdad reales, o incluso a la lógica difusa que, a pesar de ser una lógica multivaluada otorga valores de verdad reales en el intervalo [0,1]. En esta lógica dialéctica, las contradicciones del neutro de una oposición pueden ser verdaderas. Finalmente se plantea la aplicación de la lógica dialéctica, a la Mecánica Cuántica, cuyo carácter es no determinista y en la que es posible encontrar ejemplos de situaciones contradictorias debido a la dualidad onda-corpúsculo. Para ello se establece un isomorfismo entre la lógica dialéctica y la teoría de la probabilidad, a la que se añade el concepto de fortuidad, precisamente para reflejar el carácter no determinista.
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Tribunal Penal Internacional: o conflito entre normas penais insertas na Constituição Federal de 1988 e no Tratado de RomaSilva, Paula da Rocha e 11 May 2010 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2010-05-11 / The incorporation of the Treaty of Rome, through Decree No. 4388/02, at the
Brazilian legal system, represented the acquiescence of Brazilian State to the
creation of a permanent International Criminal Court, able to judge the severe crimes
with international reach. However, despite the tremendous advance for the protection
of human rights, since the incorporation, a situation of conflict has iniciated: the
Treaty of Rome has human rights precepts in legal antinomy with fundamental rights
precepts established in the 1988 Federal Constitutionº It discusses, so, if the internal
sovereignty is placed in check by international sovereignty. In addition, there are
doubts about the own conflicts itself: would these conflicts be real or merely
apparent? This dissertation wished to resolve the tension between the precepts,
which are: prescrition of crimes vs. non-applicability of statute of limitations; nonextradition
vs. delivery; imprisonment for a specific number of years versus a tearm of
life imprisonment, less onerous way possible / A incorporação do Tratado de Roma, por meio do Decreto nº 4388/02, ao ordenamento
jurídico brasileiro, representou o assentimento do Estado brasileiro à criação
de um Tribunal Penal Internacional permanente, apto para julgar os crimes de maior
gravidade com alcance internacional. Contudo, apesar do enorme avanço à proteção
dos direitos humanos, a partir de tal incorporação, instaurou-se uma situação conflituosa:
o Tratado de Roma possui normas de direitos humanos em antinomia jurídica
com as normas de direitos fundamentais previstas na Constituição Federal de 1988.
Discute-se, assim se a soberania interna é colocada em xeque pela soberania internacional.
Além disso, surgem dúvidas acerca dos próprios conflitos em si: seriam os
conflitos reais ou meramente aparentes? A presente dissertação pretendeu resolver
a tensão entre as normas quais sejam: prescritibilidade versus imprescritibilidade;
não-extradição versus entrega; prisão por tempo determinado versus prisão perpétua,
da maneira menos gravosa possível
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Le droit commun et le droit spécial / General and specific rules of lawDelegove, Nicolas 06 May 2011 (has links)
Distinguer entre le droit commun et le droit spécial est une habitude fortement ancrée chez les juristes, dans le domaine de la théorie comme de la pratique. Les rôles attribués à cette distinction sont d’une grande diversité ; mais ils sont aussi sous la menace de deux phénomènes : la multiplication des degrés de spécialité et le développement de rapports -horizontaux - entre droits communs d'une part, et entre droits spéciaux d'autre part. Véritable "summa divisio", elle disposerait cependant toujours d’une vertu ordonnatrice très importante,tant pour le législateur que pour le juge, et tant à l’université que dans la pratique.Il y a pourtant un singulier paradoxe. Le droit commun et le droit spécial sont indéfinissables ; leur relativité est telle qu’ils ne se conçoivent pas abstraction faite l’un de l’autre. Et, toutefois, la relation qu’ils entretiennent est généralement décrite en termes d’opposition. Or, la relativité appelle bien plutôt la collaboration que l’opposition.C’est ainsi que, s’agissant de l’élaboration du droit, des influences positives sont à l’oeuvre. Le droit commun et le droit spécial se servent mutuellement de modèle. Leur évolution se déroule en contemplation l'un de l'autre. Cela permet surtout, concernant l’application du droit, de réfuter l’idée suivant laquelle le droit commun et le droit spécial s’excluraient mécaniquement. En dehors des hypothèses prévues par le droit écrit, aucun fondement ne justifie l’exclusivisme. Ce dernier ne dispose en outre que d’un régime juridique plein d’incertitude. La valeur de la solution préconisée par l’adage "Specialia generalibus derogant" n’est que celle d’une présomption, simple. « Sur-mesure », le droit spécial est supposé mieux adapté à la situation litigieuse, mais il peut concrètement se révéler moins approprié que le droit commun / Distinguishing between general and specific rules of law is a deeply rooted habit among civilist lawyers, concerning the field of theory as the practice one. The roles of this distinction are very different, but they are threatened by two kinds of phenomenas as well : the increasing degreesof specialization and the development of -horizontal- relationship between general rules of lawon the one hand, and specific rules of law in the other hand. As a genuine, it would work,however, always as a good way to order the priority of different rules of law for both legislature and judges, both in academia and in practice.There is however a singular paradox. The general and specific rules of law can't be defined,their relativity is such an obvious one that they inconceivable if the other doesn't exist. According to this idea, their relationship is usually described in terms of opposition. Yet, the meaning of "relativity" is closer to collaboration rather than opposition.Thus, as regards to the development of the law, positive influences are at work. General and specific rule of law are a model to each other. Their evolution takes place in contemplation ofeach part. This especially helps the application of law to refute the idea that the general andspecific rules of law are mechanically mutually exclusive. A part from the possibilities provided by statute law, no basis justifies exclusiveness. Furthermore, specific rules of law sometimes contain a lot of less-defined rules. The value of the solution advocated by the adage "specialia generalibus derogant " is just a presumption, a simple one. A specific rule of law is supposes to be perfectly adapted to a situation, but it may pragmatically, about some case, be less appropriate than the general rule of law.
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Walter Benjamin und die Kunst des GraphischenMatsui, Takaoki 16 June 2008 (has links)
Als Bild- und Medientheoretiker hinterließ Walter Benjamin nicht nur die berühmte „materialistische“ Auratheorie, sondern auch scheinbar esoterische Theorien der bildenden Kunst. Der Zusammenhang und Inhalt der beiden Theorien können erhellt werden, wenn wir genauer sehen, wie er sich dort mit der Beschreibung der Kindheit beschäftigte. Der Ursprung seiner Auratheorie liegt in seiner „Tagebuch“-Literatur, wo er in die melancholisch gefärbten Visionen der „Jugend“ zu versinken pflegte. Der topologische Aufbau dieser Visionen – ihre eigenartig „photo-graphische“ Struktur – soll mithilfe der Zweiten Topik Freuds analysiert werden. Und aufgrund dieser Analyse werden wir eine Revision der üblichen (übersimplifizierten) Gegenüberstellung von seinem historischen Materislismus und dem „apolitischen Formalismus“ Clement Greenbergs vornehmen. Greenbergs Kunstkritik dient aber auch zur Entschlüsselung der „esoterischen“ Bildtheorien Benjamins. Die letzteren verwirren uns vor allem deshalb, weil dort das Sehen der Kinder zuerst (um 1915) irreführender Weise nach den üblichen Dichotomien der Romantik (Linie / Farbe; männlich / weiblich; erwachsen / kindlich…) beschrieben worden war; ihren eigentlichen Inhalt konnte Benjamin erst präzisieren, als er – anhand seiner Betrachtungen der graphischen „Horizontalität“ und nach seinen Spekulationen über das magische Wesen von „Zeichen“ und „Mal“ (1917) – eine Trichotomie der Bildgattungen (Malerei / Graphik / getuschtes Bild) aufgestellt hatte. Wir rekonstruieren diese Theorieentwicklungen nicht nur durch detaillierte Bild- und Textanalysen, sondern auch unter Heranziehung seines „materialistischen“ Spätwerks (der Passagenarbeit und der „Berliner Kindheit“), da erst im letzteren der einzigartige Zusammenhang zwischen seinen frühen Bildtheorien und seiner Geldtheorie als „Konstellation“ sichtbar werden sollte. / Walter Benjamin’s writings on visual arts include not only the famous „materialistic“ essays on aura but also seemingly esoteric notes on painting and the graphic arts. The content and correlation of all these writings become clear once we grasp how they perform the task of describing childhood experience. His theory of aura was prefigured in his philosophical „Diaries“ where his struggle with his depression was often followed (or interrupted) by dreamlike visions of "youth". The discursive structure of these visions – which will prove to be a strangely „photo-graphic“ one – is to be analyzed by using the second Freudian topology as a comparison. Through this analysis we will be able to reconsider the well-known (oversimplified) antagonism between his historical materialism and the „apolitical formalism“ of Clement Greenberg from a new viewpoint. Greenberg’s criticism helps us also to decipher the „esoteric“ texts of Benjamin. They puzzled scholars especially because they described children’s vision at first (about 1915) misleadingly in accordance with the conventional dichotomies of Romanticism (line / color; masculine / feminine; adult / child…); Benjamin could specify their original implication only after he had set up – based on his reflexions on the „horizontality“ of the graphic arts, and by speculating further on the magic nature of „Zeichen“ and „Mal“ (1917) – a trichotomy of genres (painting / the graphic arts / ink and watercolor illustrations). We will reconstruct this development of his theory not only through detailed analyses of related works of art but also in view of his „materialistic“ late writings (the Arcades Project and „Berlin Childhood“), for it is only there that we find out an essential relation – a singular „constellation“ – of his early art theory and his theory of money.
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