Eftersom studenter ständigt står inför olika prestationsmoment avser denna studie att mäta huruvida det finns ett samband mellan personlighetsdragen ur Big Five-teorin och prestationsångest hos universitets- och högskolestudenter i Sverige, för att vidare kunna undersöka om olika personlighetsdrag är mer eller mindre känsliga för prestationsångest. Studien fick 86 svar på en webbenkät där studenterna först fick svara på bakgrundsvariablerna; kön, ålder, antal studieår, studietakt och om de arbetade parallellt med studierna. Vidare mätte enkäten Big Five’s personlighetsdrag med The Big Five Inventory (BFI) samt prestationsångest, som operationaliseras med Fear of Failure (FF) och mättes med The Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (PFAI). Vi fann en signifikant positiv relation mellan generell FF och personlighetsdraget neuroticism samt en signifikant positiv relation mellan generell FF och kvinnor. Mycket talar för att alla upplever FF men att vissa har förmågan att vända det till något positivt på grund av en stark passion och motivering för att lyckas nå sina mål. / Students is a group that constantly is facing different elements of performance and therefore, this study aims to measure whether there is a correlation between the personality traits of the Big Five theory and performance anxiety for university and college students in Sweden, to further investigate if different personality traits are more or less sensitive to performance anxiety. The study received 86 answers from a web-poll where students first responded to background variables such as; gender, age, number of academic years, study-pace and if they worked during their studies. Furthermore, the survey measured Big Five's personality traits with The Big Five Inventory (BFI) and performance anxiety, got operationalized with Fear of Failure (FF), measured with The Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (PFAI). The study found a significantpositive relationship between general FF and the personality trait neuroticism and a significantpositiverelationship between general FF and women.Much suggests that everyone experiences some degree of FF but that some have the ability to turn it to something positive due to a strong passion and motivation to succeed in achieving their goals.

O transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) tem um impacto negativo na vida de seus portadores. Conhecer os traços de personalidade mais preponderantes nas pessoas com TEPT pode auxiliar no sucesso do tratamento, tornando possível planejar intervenções mais adequadas. A terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) é considerada um dos tratamentos mais eficazes para este transtorno; entretanto, nem todos aqueles que completam a terapia evoluem para uma melhora significativa. Uma das razões pode ser encontrada nas características individuais de personalidade de cada pessoa. Portanto, o presente estudo busca explorar a relação existente entre os domínios e traços de personalidade que estão associados à melhora do paciente que realizou a TCC. Método: 66 pacientes com diagnóstico de TEPT, segundo o DSM-IV-TR, com idade entre 18 e 60 anos participaram do estudo. Instrumentos: Para avaliar os traços de personalidade foi utilizado o instrumento NEO-PI-R. Para avaliar a gravidade e melhora da doença foi utilizada a escala de Impressão Clínica Global (CGI). Procedimento: Os pacientes passaram por avaliação psiquiátrica para assegurar o diagnóstico de TEPT. Após aceitarem participar do estudo, responderam ao NEO-PI-R e foram avaliados por médicos quanto a gravidade da doença, utilizando o CGI. Os participantes passaram por 13 sessões de TCC realizadas por profissionais devidamente treinados. Ao final, foram reavaliados para verificar se houve melhora após tratamento. Resultados: Quanto ao perfil de personalidade 71,2% apresentaram neuroticismo (N) alto, 75,8% relataram escore elevado em extroversão (E) e 45,5% eram baixos em conscienciosidade (C). Já os traços amabilidade (A) e abertura para experiência (O) apresentaram pontuações na média. As análises também demonstraram que os participantes que apresentavam o domínio de personalidade denominado consicienciosidade (C) foram associados ao resultado favorável do tratamento. Estima-se que a chance de melhora cresça 3,77 vezes se o paciente apresentar esse traço, quando comparado com os demais que não possuem essa característica. Duas facetas (assertividade e ações variadas) também foram correlacionadas com a melhora no tratamento. Conclusão: Embora a amostra do presente estudo seja limitada, os resultados apontam para a importância de se avaliar a personalidade do paciente. Acessar a personalidade é importante com a finalidade de tentar predizer qual o melhor tipo de tratamento terapêutico para cada um. As terapias breves (frequentemente administradas nos hospitais públicos) possuem um tempo limitado de tratamento, de modo que informações sobre as variáveis de personalidade podem ser particularmente muito útil / The Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has a negative impact on the patients lives. Get to know their personality traits can help on the treatment success, by making possible to plan most appropriate interventions. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is considered a first line treatment for PTSD. However, treatment response is not universal. One reason may be found in personality characteristics. The present study aims at investigating the association between personality dimensions and traits associated with improvement of patients who underwent CBT. Method - 66 PTSD patients diagnosed according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria were included in the study. The patients included were aged 18 to 60 years old. Instruments - We employed the NEO-PI-R instrument for the evaluation of personality dimensions and the Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI) for evaluation of clinical outcome. Procedure - Patients were assessed by Psychiatrists to ensure the diagnosis of PTSD. After accepting to participate of the study, they answered the NEO-PI-R Scale and were assessed by doctors to know the disease severity, using the CGI scale. Participants underwent 13 CBT sessions and were reassessed at the end of treatment. Results - The personality profile showed that 71.2% were high in neuroticism (N) and 75.8 reported low Extraversion. 45.5 were low in conscientiouness and the Agreableness (A) and openess (O) factors presented average scores. The analysis also showed that patients presenting the Conscientiousness (C) personality dimension showed a higher chance of improvement (OR=3.77). Two facets other dimensions (Assertiveness and Varied Actions) were also associated with better clinical outcome. Conclusion - determining predictors of outcome such as a patient\'s personality dimensions may point to the use of therapeutic treatment options with the higher odds of success, without too much therapeutic treatment experimentation. As therapies become briefer, information on personality variables may be particularly useful

Föreliggande studie undersöker om lärare har en universal personlighetstyp inom fem-faktor modellen och om det finns någon signifikant skillnad mellan kön och personlighet hos lärare. Ämnet är av intresse då det för närvarande är brist på lärare i Sverige och yrket är i behov av höjd attraktivitet. Diskussioner för att hitta en lösning har varit att ta reda på vem som vill bli lärare, varför de arbetar kvar i yrket och vad dessa individer har gemensamt, och personlighet framkommer som ett möjligt svar. Studien var genomförd genom självskattningsformulär skickat via e-mail till ett antal skolor; universitet, folkhögskolor, gymnasium och högstadium i södra Sverige. Analys av resultaten visade på en möjlig personlighetstyp hos lärare. Ingen signifikant skillnad mellan kön hittades. / The current study investigates if teachers show a consistent trend of personality traits within The Big Five personality model and if there is any significant difference between gender and personality among teachers. This study is relevant due to the overall lack of consistent workforce within the profession and struggles to try to improve its status throughout Sweden. Part of the discussions to find solutions is to find out who becomes a teacher, why they remain within the profession and what these people have in common, personality being a topic of interest. The Big Five personality model is one of the more commonly used instruments to distinguish personality through the use of five main traits and values that individuals score within them. The study was conducted through the use of a self-report survey e-mailed to a number of schools; universities and secondary schools, in southern Sweden. Analysis of the results showed that there was a  personality trend among teachers and no significant difference between the genders but due to the study’s size it is unclear how universal these results are.

Effective leadership, ethical leadership, and leadership emergence have been extensively researched, but there remains a lack of research on the relationship between the big 5 personality traits and authentic leadership. This quantitative study was based on the empirical principles of the big 5 model and guided by the big 5 theory. In addition, this research asked if there was a relationship between the big 5 model and authentic leadership, and which combination of the 5 personality traits best predict authentic leadership. Fifty-five adult participants, employed in various corporations, were recruited from a convenience sample. They rated their leaders by completing an Authentic Leadership Questionnaire, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3, and a demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analyses and the results showed that the big 5 personality model explained 46.9% of the variance (F (5, 49) = 8.65, p < .001. Conscientiousness positively (β = 0.40, p = .003) correlated with authentic leadership while neuroticism was inversely (β = -0.04, p = .046) correlated. These 2 traits best predicted authentic leadership and provided the strongest correlation. Extraversion (β = -.04, p = .739) and openness-to-experience (β = .25, p = .080) were non-significant traits. In the Pearson Correlation analysis, agreeableness had a weak inverse correlation with authentic leadership, (r (53) = -0.30, p = .027), and contributed 8.9% of the variance in predicting authentic leadership. Conscientious leaders with low level of neuroticism, who practice authentic leadership, will bring about positive social change by reducing unethical practices, improving communication with employers, employees, and consumers, and improving employee morale.

Title: Sellers’ preferences for real estate agents’ personalities. A quantitative study about the congruency between the estate agent's and the seller's personality traits. Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor Degrees in Business Administration. Author: Emma Johansson Florsjö and Amanda Rosvall Stenman Supervisor: Jonas Kågström Date: 2019 - May Aim: The purpose is to analyze the congruency between the estate agent's and the seller's personality traits. Method: The study used a quantitative research method done with the personality test The Big Five and the empirical material was gathered through a web-based survey. The study population consisted of individuals that, at some point in their lives have or will have hired a real estate agent at a housing sale. Jamovi was used to analyze and to see connections between the answers obtained from the participants in the survey. The answers were processed through descriptive analyze, correlation analysis and factor analysis. Results &amp; Conclusions: The results of the study showed that sellers preferred real estate agents who had similar personality traits as themselves, which confirmed the similarity hypothesis. The results indicated that none of the sellers preferred a real estate agent with high levels of neuroticism. The survey also showed that the expectations about the real estate agent were different for people who never had hired an agent before as opposed to those who had. Contribution of the thesis: The survey contributes to an understanding that real estate agents should adjust to the sellers’ personality traits to raise the chances of being hired, when interacting with the seller. Real estate agents with high levels of neuroticism should conceal this. Suggestions for future research: It would be interesting to conduct a similar study with a more extensive version of the personality test The Big Five. Further, The Big Five could be done by real estate agents to compare the personal traits of sellers who had hired a specific agent. Lastly, it would have been interesting to study the efficiency of the real estate agent in their perception of similar personality traits between customer and agent from the customers’ side. Key words: The Big Five, personality, service provider, personality matching, co-creation, real estate agent. / Titel: Säljarens preferenser för fastighetsmäklarens personlighet. En kvantitativ undersökning om kongruensen mellan fastighetsmäklarens och säljarens personlighetsdrag. Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi. Författare: Emma Johansson Florsjö och Amanda Rosvall Stenman Handledare: Jonas Kågström Datum: 2019 - maj Syfte: Syftet är att analysera kongruensen mellan fastighetsmäklarens och säljarens personlighetsdrag. Metod: I studien användes en kvantitativ forskningsmetod genomförd med personlighetstestet The Big Five och det empiriska materialet samlades in genom en webbaserad undersökning. Studiens population utgjordes av individer som någon gång i livet har eller kommer att anlitat en fastighetsmäklare i samband med en bostadsförsäljning. Jamovi användes för att analysera och se samband mellan de svar som erhållits från deltagarna i enkätundersökningen. Svaren bearbetades genom deskriptivanalys, korrelationsanalyser och faktoranalyser. Resultat &amp; slutsats: Studiens resultat visade att säljare föredrog fastighetsmäklare som hade liknande personlighetsdrag som de själva, således bekräftades likhetshypotesen. Resultatet indikerade på att ingen säljare föredrog neurotiska mäklare. Vidare konstaterar undersökningen att förväntningarna av en fastighetsmäklare skiljde sig hos säljare som aldrig har anlitat en mäklare och säljare som har anlitat en mäklare i samband med en bostadsförsäljning. Examensarbetets bidrag: Undersökningen bidrar till en förståelse av att fastighetsmäklare ska anpassa sig utifrån säljarens personlighetsdrag vid bemötandet för att öka chanserna att bli anlitad av säljaren. Vidare bör mäklare med höga värden av neuroticism inte visa det för säljaren. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Det skulle vara intressant att genomföra en liknande studie med en mer omfattande version av personlighetstestet The Big Five. Vidare hade The Big Five kunnat genomförts på fastighetsmäklare, i syfte att jämföra personlighetsdragen på säljare som hade anlitat en specifik mäklare. Slutligen hade det varit intressant att studera fastighetsmäklarens effektivitet vid uppfattningen av liknande personlighetsdrag mellan kund och mäklare från kundens sida. Nyckelord: The Big Five, personlighet, tjänsteleverantörer, matchande personlighet, cocreation, fastighetsmäklare.

I dagens samhälle blir kreativitet och nytänkande allt viktigare för företags överlevnad och konkurrenskraft. Därmed har även behovet av kreativa personer på arbetsplatsen ökat. Studiens syfte var att undersöka om kreativitet, genom Runcos ideational scale, kunde kopplas till något personlighetsdrag i Big Five samt till hur pass kreativt en person arbetar. Detta undersöktes genom en enkät med 66 frågor i 3 delar. Enkäten lämnades ut i både pappersform och som webenkät till ett stort antal företag. Resultaten av totalt 152 enkäter, som analyserades med hjälp av korrelationer och regressioner, bekräftade alla hypoteser utom en; samvetsgrannhet har en negativ korrelation med kreativitet. Även oväntade kopplingar kunde dras, såsom att det fanns en positiv korrelation mellan vänlighet och hur pass kreativt en person arbetar. Studien resulterade i slutsatsen att vissa personlighetsdrag har betydelse för hur kreativ en person är samt hur pass kreativt en person arbetar. / Sofia Tikkanen

L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’examiner les nombreuses associations qui existent entre les conditions de l’organisation du travail, les traits de personnalité et la détresse psychologique au travail. La question de recherche principale était : est-ce que les cinq grands traits de personnalité (Big Five personality traits) ont un effet modérateur sur la relation entre les conditions de l’organisation du travail et la détresse psychologique. De nombreuses autres questions ont aussi été considérées. Pour répondre aux vingt-et-une hypothèses proposées dans cette recherche, nous avons utilisé des données secondaires d’une étude transversale de 395 employés d’un service de police municipal. À la suite d’analyses multivariées, nous avons pu observer quatre associations significatives. Concernant les conditions de l’organisation du travail, nous avons trouvé que les demandes psychologiques en milieu de travail augment la détresse psychologique, tandis que le support d’un superviseur la diminue. En ce qui concerne, les traits de personnalité, nous avons trouvé qu’être névrotique (neuroticism) augmente la détresse psychologique. Finalement, nous avons trouvé un effet modérateur du trait de personnalité, être consciencieux (conscientiousness), sur la relation entre les demandes psychologiques et la détresse psychologique. Bref, nos résultats nous indiquent que les cinq grands traits de personnalité (Big Five personality traits) ont une influence mitigée sur la santé mentale en milieu de travail. / The current thesis sought to observe the multiple relationships that exist between work organization conditions, personality characteristics and psychological distress in the workplace. The main question of interest was whether the Big Five personality traits have a moderating effect on the relationship between work organization and psychological distress, but numerous other questions of interest were also considered. In order to address the twenty-one hypotheses proposed in this study, secondary data was used from a cross-sectional survey of 395 workers from a municipal police service. Multivariate analyses showed four significant relationships between the three variables of interest. With regards to the work organization conditions, it was found that psychological demands in the workplace increase psychological distress, whereas, support from a supervisor decreases psychological distress. With regards to personality, neuroticism was found to increase psychological distress. Finally, a moderating relationship was found for the conscientiousness trait on the relationship between psychological demands and psychological distress. Globally, the results indicate that the Big Five personality traits have a mitigated impact on mental health problems in the workplace.

I dagens samhälle blir kreativitet och nytänkande allt viktigare för företags överlevnad och konkurrenskraft. Därmed har även behovet av kreativa personer på arbetsplatsen ökat. Studiens syfte var att undersöka om kreativitet, genom Runcos ideational scale, kunde kopplas till något personlighetsdrag i Big Five samt till hur pass kreativt en person arbetar. Detta undersöktes genom en enkät med 66 frågor i 3 delar. Enkäten lämnades ut i både pappersform och som webenkät till ett stort antal företag. Resultaten av totalt 152 enkäter, som analyserades med hjälp av korrelationer och regressioner, bekräftade alla hypoteser utom en; samvetsgrannhet har en negativ korrelation med kreativitet. Även oväntade kopplingar kunde dras, såsom att det fanns en positiv korrelation mellan vänlighet och hur pass kreativt en person arbetar. Studien resulterade i slutsatsen att vissa personlighetsdrag har betydelse för hur kreativ en person är samt hur pass kreativt en person arbetar.

Idag är många branscher beroende av ett gediget teamwork. Det finns dock ett behov av objektiva mätsystem för teamwork och därför har detta projekt som syfte att skapa och testa ett observationsprotokoll utifrån den teoretiska modellen ’The Big Five of Teamwork’ framtagen av Salas, Sims &amp; Burke (2005). Observationsprotokollet användes för att observera teamwork mellan två flygledare på Arlanda ATCC. Därefter fick flygledarna svara på en enkät för att bidra med subjektiva aspekter från modellen. Totalt genomfördes 15 stycken strukturerade observationer. Resultatet visade att det är möjligt att skatta teamwork på flygledare med hjälp av ett observationsprotokoll baserat på sex av åtta komponenter, där inte teamorientering och gemensam mental modell ingick. Komponenterna visade sig vara mer än bara ett observerbart beteende och enbart observationer frambringar inte en rättvis bild över komponenten. Resultatet visade också på att flygledarna själva upplever samtliga komponenter som en del av arbetet. Observationerna visade att samarbetet kunde se olika ut och skilja sig från team till team, och att flygledarna anpassar sig efter varandras behov. / Today, many industries are dependent on a solid teamwork. However, there is a need for objective measurement assessment for teamwork and therefore this project aims to create and test an observation protocol based on the theoretical model ’The Big Five of Teamwork’ compiled by Salas, Sims &amp; Burke (2005). The observation protocol was used to observe teamwork between two air traffic controllers at Arlanda ATCC. After the observations the air traffic controllers answered a survey to receive subjective aspects from the model. A total of 15 structured observations were conducted. The results revealed that it’s possible to estimate teamwork on air traffic controllers using an observation protocol based on six of eight components, where team orientation and shared mental model were not included. The components appeared to be more than just an observable behavior, thus only observations does not give a fair picture of the component. The result also showed that air traffic controllers themselves perceive all components as a part of the work. The observations showed that the cooperation could look different and differ from team to team, and that air traffic controllers adapt to each other’s needs.

The present study aims to predict which individual factors may influence strategy-choices in wayfinding situations, specifically when participants are faced with ambiguous instructions in unfamiliar environments. Individual differences were measured with self-report forms of the Big Five personality traits and the Santa Barbara sense of direction scale (SBSOD). The study was conducted in a web-based survey format with a n=104 (65 female, and 39 male). A regression analysis concluded that the trait conscientiousness was the only factor that had predictive value in determining choice of strategy. SBSOD had some predictive values towards strategy-choice, but needs further investigation before any general conclusion can be drawn. Future studies should focus on a more goal-oriented task with more realistic stimulus. / Föreliggande studie har undersökt vilka individuella faktorer som kan påverka val av strategi i olika navigations-scenarion, specifikt när deltagare möts av oklara instruktioner i obekanta miljöer. Individuella skillnader mättes med själv-utvärdering av Big Five personlighetsdrag och Santa Barbara sense of direction scale (SBSOD). Studien utfördes i ett web-baserat enkätformat med ett deltagarantal på totalt 104 (65 kvinnor och 39 män). En regressionsanalys fastslog att personlighetsdraget samvetsgrannhet var den enda faktorn som kunde predicera strategival. SBSOD hade viss produktionskraft mot strategival, med detta behöver utforskas mer innan några generella slutsatser kan dras. Framtida studier bör fokusera på en mer målinriktad uppgift med mer naturtrogna stimuli.