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My thesis proposes a theory of relational identity development in Chicana literature. Gloria Anzaldua's Borderlands/La Frontera offers an interpretation of Chicana identity that is largely based on historical models and mythology, which many scholars have found useful in interpreting Chicana literature. However, I contend that another text, Sandra Cisneros's The House on Mango Street, not only illustrates the need for an alternative paradigm for considering identity development, but in fact offers such an alternative. I argue that Cisneros shows a model for relational identity development, wherein the individual develops in the context of her community and is not determined solely by elements of myth or genealogy. In questioning the historical paradigm of identity development, I examine three key aspects associated with Chicana identity development: gender, home, and language. Employing the theories of Édouard Glissant, I discuss how individual identity development is better understood in terms of relationships and experience rather than historical models. For Chicanas, the roles of women have largely been interpreted as predetermined, set by the mythic figures La Malinche and La Virgen de Guadalupe. However, Cisneros's work shows that this historical tradition is less fruitful in understanding identity than recognizing individuals' experience in context of their relationships. With this communal understanding established, I question the common associations of home and Chicana identity. I argue that Cisneros challenges our very concept of home as she engages and counters the notions of theorist Gaston Bachelard. The idea of a house is metaphorical, becoming a space of communal belonging rather than a physical structure to separate individuals. Finally, I consider how both spoken and written language contribute to relational identity development. I argue that Cisneros's use of language demonstrates that not only does language provide the means for development within a community, but also the means for creation within that society. The theoretical implications of such a relational identity construct are not only an expansion of what is entailed in Chicana identity, but an invitation for broadening the community of theoretical discussion surrounding Chicana literature.

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Buscamos, a partir del análisis del pensamiento binario en relación con la dinámica social en la Lima decimonónica, resaltar la importancia de la reafirmación de la idea de individualidad, más allá de toda diferenciación de género, como propuesta alternativa para regenerar una sociedad contradictoria y decadente, un tema que, a nuestro entender, merece una mayor atención y debate. Consideramos que las propuestas de El conspirador. Autobiografía de un hombre público (de Mercedes Cabello de Carbonera) y Julia o escenas de la vida en Lima (de Luis Benjamín Cisneros), más allá de toda crítica o defensa de determinados grupos sociales o identidades discursivas, apuntan a revalorizar el libre albedrío del individuo (fortalecer su individualidad en un entorno social nuevo), de modo que, lo que define y legitima al sujeto, más que su figura discursiva, es su voluntad y no se puede regenerar una sociedad a partir del discurso, sino trascendiendo a él. Nos proponemos examinar las paradojas en las figuras discursivas de masculinidad y feminidad a partir de la crítica social presente en los mencionados textos. Si bien las diferencias de género serán objeto de atención, nos enfocaremos en la tensión entre las aspiraciones del individuo y las exigencias de su sociedad (una sociedad a la que ese individuo critica a partir de un discurso propio con el que pretende autoconstruir su identidad). Para ello, optamos por un análisis comparativo orientado a un balance de continuidades y diferencias. Los discursos dicotómicos que se pretenden cerrados y absolutos, ya sean impuestos por el poder social o propuestos por un individuo inconforme, se muestran relativos e insuficientes al momento de generar identidades sólidas y claramente diferenciadas. Así, pese a sus diferencias, ambas novelas parecen apuntar a la revalorización del libre albedrío del individuo más allá de todo intento por fijar identidades discursivamente. / Tesis

Chicago occupies a place in the American imagination as a city of industry and opportunity for those who are willing to hustle. Writers have in no small part contributed to the creation of this mythology; this canon includes Frank Norris, Theodore Dreiser, Upton Sinclair, Carl Sandburg, and Richard Wright. What is it about these authors that make them the classics of Chicago literature? The “essential” books of Chicago enshrine a period during which the city still held a prominent position in the national economy and culture, and embodied for Americans something of their own identity—the value of individualism, and the Protestant work ethic. Notably absent are the narratives from immigrants, particularly those of color: for a city that was a primary destination for the Great Migration of African Americans from the South and the concurrent immigration of Mexicans in the early part of the 20th century, it is remarkable that these stories have not gained significant attention, with the exception of Richard Wright’s. This dissertation interrogates the discourse of ambition and labor in the Chicago literary tradition from the perspective of three Mexican American authors from Chicago—Carlos Cortez, Ana Castillo, and Sandra Cisneros. These authors, faced with late 20th century deindustrialization and the enduring legacy of segregation, engage with the canonical narratives of Chicago by addressing the intersections of race and citizenship as they affect urban space and labor opportunities. Rather than simply offering a critique, however, the Mexican American authors engage in a re-visioning of the city that incorporates the complexities of a fluid, transnational experience, and in doing so suggest the future of urban life in a post-industrial America. / text

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-01Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:47:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000813883.pdf: 964204 bytes, checksum: 98f0d33499c4b06ce70e2b99bc4bdb99 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / As teorias da memória que compõem o cenário atual sobre o tema da memória abrangem conceitos cujas linhas de pensamento se situam nos extremos: do idealismo platônico à sociologia baseada em quadros sociais. Na ponta sociológica, Maurice Halbwachs, por meio do que ele chama de “quadros sociais vivos do presente”, irá construir a sua teoria da memória coletiva. Relacionando essa memória aos conceitos de memória individual, memória histórica, espaço e tempo, o sociólogo desconstruirá ou reconstruirá alguns conceitos fundamentais da filosofia idealista vigente em sua época. A criação literária, reconhecida pioneira na análise dos fatos humanos, estabelecer-se-á como um campo fértil nos estudos da memória. Entendendo a importância e a relevância do estudo e a ampliação de todos os conceitos em torno dessa temática, este trabalho analisa a representação da memória nas literaturas moderna e contemporânea, partindo da ideia de que, em uma representação de memória construída pelo eu, seja essa representação fictícia ou ficcionalizada, sempre há a presença da sociedade por meio de quadros sociais. Como respaldo teórico, valemo-nos da teoria da memória coletiva e outros escritos relativos à memória que complementam o ponto-de-vista adotado. Para tanto, trabalhamos com as narrativas: Memórias de Lázaro (1952), do baiano Adonias Filho; The House on Mango Street (1984), da norte-americana de origem familiar e cultural mexicana, Sandra Cisneros; e No Fio da Vida: uma Odisséia Açor-Americana (Autobiografia) (2013), do açoriano e professor residente dos Estados Unidos, Francisco Cota Fagundes. Identificando e analisando os quadros de representação da memória dessas narrativas e articulando estes aos elementos da arte da ficção assinalados e trabalhados por Umberto Eco e por James Wood / The memory's theories that form the current scenario about the memory theme are composed by concepts in which areas of thinking are studied from the following extreme points: from platonic idealism to sociology based on social frameworks. Taking into account the sociology viewpoint, Maurice Halbwachs will be the basis of sociological studies due to his theory of collective memory through something that he named of 'social alive pictures from present'. Linking this kind of memory with concepts of individual memory, historical memory, space and time, the French sociologist is designated 'to destroy and rebuild' some fundamental concepts of current idealistic philosophy of his time. The literary creation (a kind of recognized pioneer in analyzing human facts) will be established itself as a good space of memory's study and the Marcel Proust's work will be one of the 'addresses' more visited by researchers of a variety of areas. Thus, considering the importance and the relevance of the study and the increase of all concepts around this subject, this project aims to analyze the representation of memory in modern and contemporary literature, defending the hypothesis that in a representation of memory built by an 'I', we will always find the presence of society through social frameworks. As theoretical base, this project will have the collective memory theory and other works related to the memory that will complement the point of view taken. In order to do this, we identified and analized the memory's representation framework of some narratives: Memórias de Lázaro (1952), written by Adonias Filho; The House on Mango Street (1984), written by Sandra Ciseros, an American but also Mexican descendent; and No Fio da Vida: uma Odisséia Açor - Americana (Autobiografia) (2013), written by Francisco Cota Fagundes, an Azorean and university professor who lives in USA. Identifying and analyzing the narratives’ frameworks representation memory and ...