Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka vilka faktorer och motiv som ligger till grund för en missbrukares beslut att söka vård och behandling. Vidare har syftet varit att undersöka om beslutet grundar sig på individens egen insikt om sin problematik eller om det är ett resultat av omgivningens och nätverkets krav. Studien var av fenomenologisk karaktär då vi hade för avsikt att studera vad det är som gör beslutet till vad det är, d.v.s. finna essensen i vad det är som påverkar och samspelar med beslutet. För att uppnå syftet har vi använt oss av kvalitativ metod med en abduktiv ansats. Vi har intervjuat åtta före detta missbrukare och intervjuerna har varit av semi-strukturerad karaktär. De analysverktyg som användes i studien var motivation, handlingsteori, beslutsfattande samt samhällets och nätverkets påverkan på individen. Dessa användes mot bakgrund av att motivation ofta används som begrepp inom narkomanvård och missbruksforskning. Handlingsteorin och beslutsfattande har använts då vår avsikt var att betrakta ”att sluta missbruka” som en handling, men också som ett beslut. Vidare har samhällets utveckling medfört ett paradigmskifte inom narkomanvården varför vi anser att det är av relevans att beakta samhällets påverkan i studier av missbrukare. I resultatet framkom att före detta missbrukare huvudsakligen grundade sitt beslut att sluta missbruka utifrån den egna insikten om att missbruket föranledde ett eskalerande av negativa konsekvenser samt försämrad psykisk hälsa. Beslutet att sluta missbruka påverkades i olika omfattning av yttre omständigheter i form av respondenternas nätverk, sociala instanser och en önskan om att leva enligt samhälleliga värderingar. / The purpose of this study has been to examine what factors and motives that form the basis for drug users' decisions to seek care and treatment. An additional purpose has been to examine whether the decision is based on the individual's own understanding of their problems or if it is a result of ambient and network requirements. Thus, the study have been of phenomenological nature as we intended to study what it is that makes the decision for what it is, that is, find the essence of what affects and interacts with the decision. To achieve that purpose, we have used a qualitative method with an abductive approach. We have interviewed eight former addicts and the interviews were of semi-structured nature. The analytical tools that have been used in the study are motivation, action theory, decision making, society and the network's impact on the individual. These have been used with the light of that motivation often is used as a concept in drug rehabilitation and addiction research. Action theory and decision making have been used as our intent has been to consider "to quit abusing" as an act, but also a decision. Furthermore, the development of society has brought out a paradigm shift in drug services which is why we believe it is relevant to consider society's impact in studies of drug users. The results showed that former addicts mainly based their decision to quit abusing by the individual's own insight of that the abuse led to an escalation of negative consequences, and poorer mental health. The decision to quit the abuse was affected by different degrees of external factors in terms of respondents' networks, social services and a desire to live according to societal values.

Partant des travaux séminaux de Boole, Frege et Russell, le mémoire cherche à clarifier l‟enjeu du pluralisme logique à l‟ère de la prolifération des logiques non-classiques et des développements en informatique théorique et en théorie des preuves. Deux chapitres plus « historiques » sont à l‟ordre du jour : (1) le premier chapitre articule l‟absolutisme de Frege et Russell en prenant soin de montrer comment il exclut la possibilité d‟envisager des structures et des logiques alternatives; (2) le quatrième chapitre expose le chemin qui mena Carnap à l‟adoption de la méthode syntaxique et du principe de tolérance, pour ensuite dégager l‟instrumentalisme carnapien en philosophie de la Logique et des mathématiques. Passant par l‟analyse d‟une interprétation intuitive de la logique linéaire, le deuxième chapitre se tourne ensuite vers l‟établissement d‟une forme logico-mathématique de pluralisme logique à l‟aide de la théorie des relations d‟ordre et la théorie des catégories. Le troisième chapitre délimite le terrain de jeu des positions entourant le débat entre monisme et pluralisme puis offre un argument contre la thèse qui veut que le conflit entre logiques rivales soit apparent, le tout grâce à l‟utilisation du point de vue des logiques sous-structurelles. Enfin, le cinquième chapitre démontre que chacune des trois grandes approches au concept de conséquence logique (modèle-théorétique, preuve-théorétique et dialogique) forme un cadre suffisamment général pour établir un pluralisme. Bref, le mémoire est une défense du pluralisme logique. / Starting from the seminal work of Boole, Frege and Russell, the dissertation seeks to clarify the issue of logical pluralism in the era of the proliferation of non-classical logics and the developments in theoretical computer science and proof theory. Two “historical” chapters are scheduled: the first chapter articulate the absolutism of Frege and Russell, taking care to show how it condemns the possibility to consider alternative structures and logics; the fourth chapter describes the path that led Carnap from the adoption of the syntactic method to the formulation of the principle of tolerance, then goes on to display Carnap‟s instrumentalism in philosophy of Logic and mathematics. Opening with the analysis of an intuitive interpretation of linear logic, the second chapter then turns to the establishment of a form of logico-mathematical pluralism with the help of order theory and category theory. The third chapter delineates the playground of revisionism (philosophical positions surrounding the debate between monism and pluralism) and then provides an argument against the thesis that denies the reality of the conflict between rival logics, all this being done by adopting the substructural logic point of view. The fifth chapter shows that each of the three main approaches to the concept of logical consequence (model-theoretic, proof-theoretic and dialogical) supplies a framework sufficiently general to establish pluralism. In short, the dissertation is a defence of logical pluralism.

Cette these porte sur differents aspects syntaxiques et semantiques de l'intensification implicite dans une construction du francais non standard du type "Marie est belle qu'on en reste ebahi". Cette construction se caracterise par la presence d'un modificateur propositionnel (la prop-que) jouant le role d'un evaluateur de mesures extremes liees au predicat de la proposition matrice ("belle"). Ce modificateur opere sur des echelles de mesures et delimite la mesure reelle en la mettant en rapport avec la consequence qu'il exprime. Comme ce type d'evaluation correlative definit aussi la construction intensive de consequence (CIC), ou l'intensification est lexicalement realisée par les marqueurs d'intensité "tellement", "si", etc., nous proposons que la construction non standard represente un type implicite de la CIC. La CIC-implicite constitue un nouvel objet d'etude pour la description et la formalisation dans le cadre de la grammaire generative (Chomsky 1993, 1995, 2000). L'objectif principal de cette these est de fournir une description detaillee des comportements de la CIC-implicite, d'identifier les contraintes qui la regissent et de proposer un lien derivationnel entre cette derniere et la CIC-explicite. Une comparaison systematique des proprietes des deux CIC montre que les realisations de la CIC-implicite sont plus restreintes. Les restrictions incluent, entre autres, l'impossibilite de l'enchassement par un verbe factif et l'absence de la force interrogative. Une ligne directe peut etre etablie entre les differentes restrictions en termes de la notion pragmatique d'assertion et de la presence du locuteur. Notre derivation de la CIC-implicite, basee sur l'analyse de la CIC-explicite par association tardive proposee par Bhatt et Pancheva (2004, 2007), formalise la notion d'assertion au niveau de la peripherie gauche avec une projection dediee (Haegeman 2006 ; Speas et Tenny 2003). Cette projection, ainsi que l'association de la prop-que modificatrice, permettent d'interpreter et de legitimer la categorie vide qui realise l'intensification dans la CIC-implicite.

Cette these porte sur differents aspects syntaxiques et semantiques de l'intensification implicite dans une construction du francais non standard du type "Marie est belle qu'on en reste ebahi". Cette construction se caracterise par la presence d'un modificateur propositionnel (la prop-que) jouant le role d'un evaluateur de mesures extremes liees au predicat de la proposition matrice ("belle"). Ce modificateur opere sur des echelles de mesures et delimite la mesure reelle en la mettant en rapport avec la consequence qu'il exprime. Comme ce type d'evaluation correlative definit aussi la construction intensive de consequence (CIC), ou l'intensification est lexicalement realisée par les marqueurs d'intensité "tellement", "si", etc., nous proposons que la construction non standard represente un type implicite de la CIC. La CIC-implicite constitue un nouvel objet d'etude pour la description et la formalisation dans le cadre de la grammaire generative (Chomsky 1993, 1995, 2000). L'objectif principal de cette these est de fournir une description detaillee des comportements de la CIC-implicite, d'identifier les contraintes qui la regissent et de proposer un lien derivationnel entre cette derniere et la CIC-explicite. Une comparaison systematique des proprietes des deux CIC montre que les realisations de la CIC-implicite sont plus restreintes. Les restrictions incluent, entre autres, l'impossibilite de l'enchassement par un verbe factif et l'absence de la force interrogative. Une ligne directe peut etre etablie entre les differentes restrictions en termes de la notion pragmatique d'assertion et de la presence du locuteur. Notre derivation de la CIC-implicite, basee sur l'analyse de la CIC-explicite par association tardive proposee par Bhatt et Pancheva (2004, 2007), formalise la notion d'assertion au niveau de la peripherie gauche avec une projection dediee (Haegeman 2006 ; Speas et Tenny 2003). Cette projection, ainsi que l'association de la prop-que modificatrice, permettent d'interpreter et de legitimer la categorie vide qui realise l'intensification dans la CIC-implicite.

No description available.

The diploma thesis consists of a new design of a controlling procedure for a plastic component of a tank. Its theoretical part deals with the potential sources of errors and uncertainties arising from the measuring itself. It also deals with the characteristics of available CMM devices and includes an analysis of the methods assessing the acceptability of the measurement plan. The practical part analyses systematically the current state and proposes a new solution using a program created using a coordinate machine. A comparison of both variants is presented as an output of the thesis.

Optimization of relief networks in humanitarian logistics often exemplifies the need for solutions that are feasible given a hard constraint on time. For instance, the distribution of medical countermeasures immediately following a biological disaster event must be completed within a short time-frame. When these supplies are not distributed within the maximum time allowed, the severity of the disaster is quickly exacerbated. Therefore emergency response plans that fail to facilitate the transportation of these supplies in the time allowed are simply not acceptable. As a result, all optimization solutions that fail to satisfy this criterion would be deemed infeasible. This creates a conflict with the priority optimization objective in most variants of the generic vehicle routing problem (VRP). Instead of efficiently maximizing usage of vehicle resources available to construct a feasible solution, these variants ordinarily prioritize the construction of a minimum cost set of vehicle routes. Research presented in this dissertation focuses on the design and analysis of efficient computational methods for optimizing high-consequence variants of the VRP for relief networks. The conflict between prioritizing the minimization of the number of vehicles required or the minimization of total travel time is demonstrated. The optimization of the time and capacity constraints in the context of minimizing the required vehicles are independently examined. An efficient meta-heuristic algorithm based on a continuous spatial partitioning scheme is presented for constructing a minimized set of vehicle routes in practical instances of the VRP that include critically high-cost penalties. Multiple optimization priority strategies that extend this algorithm are examined and compared in a large-scale bio-emergency case study. The algorithms designed from this research are implemented and integrated into an existing computational framework that is currently used by public health officials. These computational tools enhance an emergency response planner's ability to derive a set of vehicle routes specifically optimized for the delivery of resources to dispensing facilities in the event of a bio-emergency.

No description available.

Informationssystemen blir en allt större del av vår vardag och ger oss nya möjligheter attinteragera med varandra men det är dess design som bestämmer hur vi gör det. Genomanvändningen av system genereras mängder av värdefull information om oss ochproblematiken uppstår när system, direkt eller indirekt, skadar användare. Studiensforskningsfrågor handlar om hur makt, design, kapitalism, brist på etik och konsekvenstänkkan leda till skadligt bruk av design samt vad Weaponised Design är och varför begreppet ärviktigt. Studiens primära syfte är att undersöka hur man som konsument, individ ochsamhälle påverkas av design samt att definiera begreppet Weaponised Design. Studien ärkvalitativ och består av en semistrukturerad intervju samt litteraturinsamling för att kunnabesvara forskningsfrågorna. Undersökningen visade på att design kan leda till ett skadligtbruk på åtskilliga sätt. Användare kan nyttja system för att utöva makt och skada varandra.Felsteg i konsekvenstänk vid skapandet av design kan leda till skadligt bruk av design.Användares inflytande inom den digitala världen är näst intill obefintligt vilket kan leda tillett skadligt bruk av design eftersom det leder till att designteamen sitter på ensidig makt. Dendigitala kapitalismen som vill få användare att hyra tjänster via licensavtal kan leda till ettskadligt bruk av design eftersom användare inte får möjlighet till att förhandla om villkoren.Weaponised Design beskriver när ett system agerar som det är menat att agera menfortfarande leder till ett dåligt utfall. Weaponised Design är ett viktigt begrepp eftersom detger ett namn på en problematik som finns men som tidigare inte haft någon tydlig benämning. / Information systems are becoming a bigger part of our everyday lives and provide us withnew opportunities to interact with each other and its design decides how we do it. The use ofsystems generates a great amount of valuable information about us and a problem emergeswhen systems directly or indirectly harm users. The research questions concerns how power,design, capitalism, lack of ethics, and thought of consequence can lead to harmful use ofdesign and what Weaponised Design is and why the term is important. The primary purposeof the study is to research how consumers, individuals and society are affected by design andto define the concept of Weaponised Design. The study is qualitative and consists of asemi-structured interview and literature collection to be able to answer the research questions.The study shows that design can lead to harmful use in several ways. Users can use systemsto exercise power and harm each other. Incorrect steps in consequential thinking whencreating design can lead to harmful use of design. Users' influence in the digital world isalmost non-existent, which can lead to a harmful use of design as it leads to the design teamssitting on one-sided power. Digital capitalism that wants users to rent services throughlicensing agreements can lead to a harmful use of design because users are not given theopportunity to negotiate the rules. Weaponised Design describes when a system acts as it ismeant to act but still has a bad outcome. Weaponised Design is an important concept becauseit gives a name to a problem that exists but has not previously had a clear name.

The name of the thesis: Approaches of Selected Institucions to Domestic Violence Allegations during the Divorce Proceedings The author: Bc. Petra Vašinová The tutor: PhDr. Miloslav Čedík Pages, marks: 64, 145 176 Separate attachments: 2 Bibliography includes 71 items Abstract: The diploma thesis deals with issues of allegations of domestic violence in the process of custody proceeding before the divorce as viewed by related institutions. The key research subject covers different procedures of selected workers in a case of an allegation. Based on the initial interviews a question came up if the institutions use inner guidelines to deal with possible situations of clients manipulating workers. The next subject were the workers' opinions of the issues and of the allegation charges and sentences. The theoretical scope of the thesis contains relevant information about divorce, parental conflict, manipulation, ways of solving such problems, consequences, parental alienation syndrome and information about allegation in both Czech and foreign researching. The research method that I used was the Interpretative phenomenological analysis and the data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Open and Selective coding were used to evaluate the data. Based on the above mentioned method it has been found...