Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-06-20T14:27:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 3026287 bytes, checksum: 1629bccc42423e5fec21208370d9c0cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-20T14:27:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 3026287 bytes, checksum: 1629bccc42423e5fec21208370d9c0cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / This work aims to investigate the circumstances surrounding the practice and publication of literary translations in the periodical press of the Northeast of Brazil in the mid-nineteenth century, based on the magazines O Archivo (Maranhão, 1846) and Revista Americana (Bahia, 1847-1848). In both magazines, we identified 47 translations of literature. To present this panorama, we treat the corpus based on the theoretical and methodological concept, Cultural Transfer, by Michel Espagne (2012), and the economic and ideological view handled by Pierre Bourdieu through the work of Joseph Jurt (2007). Focusing on the support where these translations were propagated – the magazine – the works of Socorro de Fatima Pacífico Barbosa (2007), Katia Aily Franco de Camargo (2014), and Tania Regina de Luca (2008; 2014) about the periodical press guided us. Initially we present a quantitative corpus analysis based on the work of Lüsebrink and Reichardt (1994), aiming to approach the translation scenery in periodical press of the nineteenth century. Then, we present a descriptive analysis of each literary translations found, having as a starting point the schematic picture adapted from Lambert (2011). Therefore, we investigated the cultural mediation instances through contextual analysis of the translations identified in the two magazines, in association with their respective contexts and source texts, in order to present a mosaic of the foreign cultural memory present in the Northeast of Brazil in the nineteenth century. The work is divided into four chapters: in Chapter 1, we present an introductory look at literature and translation in the context of periodical press in the Northeast of Brazil in the nineteenth century; in Chapter 2 is a brief historical background of the periodical press in the nineteenth century, concerning O Archivo and Revista Americana; in Chapter 3, we present an overview of the translations of literature found in both magazines, exposing a quantitative map of what was translated regarding literature; finally, in Chapter 4, we present a descriptive analysis of the translations of literature found, characterizing the translation practices and strategies, demonstrating the importance of translating for the formation of the cultural and social context and for the formation of the national literature canon. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral a investigação das circunstâncias que envolvem a prática e a publicação de traduções de literatura na imprensa periódica do antigo Norte brasileiro de meados do século XIX, tendo como referência as revistas O Archivo (Maranhão, 1846) e Revista Americana (Bahia, 1847-1848). Nas duas revistas, identificamos 47 traduções de literatura ao todo. Para apresentar tal panorama, tratamos do corpus com base no conceito teórico-metodológico de Transferências Culturais de Michel Espagne (2012), e no viés econômico-ideológico tratado por Pierre Bourdieu através do trabalho de Joseph Jurt (2007). Sem perder de vista o suporte em que foram veiculadas essas traduções – revista –, nos pautaremos principalmente nos trabalhos de Socorro de Fátima Pacífico Barbosa (2007), Katia Aily Franco de Camargo (2014), e Tânia Regina de Luca (2008; 2014) acerca da imprensa periódica. Dessa maneira, apresentamos inicialmente uma análise quantitativa do corpus com base no trabalho de Lüsebrink e Reichardt (1994), visando nos aproximar do cenário de tradução e imprensa periódica do século XIX, cenário este que nos aprofundamos ao expor a análise descritiva de cada uma das traduções, cujo ponto inicial será o quadro esquemático adaptado de Lambert (2011). Sendo assim, procuramos investigar as instâncias de mediação cultural através da análise contextual das traduções identificadas nas revistas supracitadas, em relação aos seus respectivos contextos e textos de partida, visando identificar o caminho percorrido entre os espaços de partida e chegada para apresentar um mosaico da memória cultural estrangeira presente no antigo Norte brasileiro do século XIX. Isso posto, o presente trabalho encontra-se dividido em quatro capítulos: no Capítulo 1, apresentamos um olhar introdutório sobre literatura e tradução no contexto de periódicos do antigo Norte brasileiro no século XIX; no Capítulo 2, apresentamos um breve cenário histórico da imprensa periódica no século XIX, situando as revistas maranhense e baiana; no Capítulo 3, apresentamos um panorama geral das traduções de literatura encontradas em ambas, expondo um mapeamento quantitativo do que era traduzido nas duas revistas no tocante à literatura; por fim, no Capítulo 4, apresentamos uma análise descritiva das traduções de literatura encontradas, caracterizando práticas e estratégias tradutórias e demonstrando a importância de traduzir para a formação do contexto cultural e social e para a formação do próprio cânone de literatura nacional.

Longtemps ignorée voire niée du fait de ses films jugés peu sérieux et de piètre qualité, l’industrie du cinéma indien basée à Mumbai est pourtant l’une des plus importantes et puissante au monde. Bollywood est à l’origine de classiques du cinéma à davantage considérer dans nos sociétés européennes et nord-américaines, et même en Inde. La vision occidentale de Bollywood, de par les productions en série de l’industrie cinématographique mumbaïte et de ses codes culturels spécifiques, est empreinte de stéréotypes. « Colorés », « kitsch », « acidulés », le cinéma indien pâtit de son image et peine à trouver l’audience qu’il mérite. Pour autant, les regards extérieurs au monde indien évoluent au miroir des mutations de la vision indienne portée sur l’Occident. Bollywood attire de plus en plus l’attention, ce qui explique une multiplication de définitions, d’articles, de sites Internet, de reportages consacrés notamment au star system mais peu d’intérêt a été accordé à l’envers du décor : Bollywood demeure une « usine à rêve » (H. Powdermaker). Les années 1930, avec l’arrivée d’une nouvelle innovation, le parlant, représentent une étape extrêmement importante dans l’histoire des cinémas indiens et du cinéma hindi en particulier. Le cas de la compagnie Prabhat (1929-1953), à la tête d’un des studios indiens les plus modernes de la période, semble pertinent à analyser pour comprendre l’émergence de ce système industriel, de l’intérieur. Du fait d'un parcours original de la compagnie de Kolhapur à Poona et de ses étroites relations avec Bombay, l'analyse de ce studio innovant permet véritablement de comprendre ses choix industriels, entre régionalisme, nationalisme et mondialisation. Ainsi, au regard de ce studio, il serait possible de saisir les multiples facettes du système Bollywood émergent alors. En effet, l'équipe de la Prabhat a pu produire au sein d'une "atmosphère industrieuse", des films de qualité en langues marathi et hindi, contribuant à l'essor de l'industrie du cinéma de Bombay, territoire de diffusion privilégié de la compagnie. Cette recherche consacrée à une industrie qui semble prendre dernièrement une envergure mondiale souligne qu'elle a pu connaitre des premières heures de gloire sur l’échiquier cinématographique international dans ces années 1930-1940, fresque historique qui semble se perdre aujourd'hui dans les mémoires du studio. / For a long time ignored even denied because of its movies considered less serious and mediocre, the industry of Indian cinema based in Mumbai is nevertheless one of the most important and powerful in the world. Bollywood produced several classic films that should be more considered in our societies in particular in Europe and North America but also in India itself. However, views outside India are evolving in the mirror of new Indian visions of West. Bollywood is being more attractive which explains an increase of articles, web sites, documentaries, especially on the star system, but less attention was paid to the industry and its history. The 1930's constitutes an important step in Bombay film history as Brian Shoesmith demonstrated. With the arrival of a new innovation, talkies, this decade represents a keystone in Indian cinemas' s history and Hindi cinema's in particular. The case of the Prabhat company (1929-1953), one of the leading studios in the 1930s, is in this connection extremely interesting to analyze in order to understand the emergence of this industrial system, from within. Due to its history from Kolhapur to Poona and its narrow relations with Bombay, the analysis of this company producing quality films in Marathi and Hindi contributed to the development of the cinematographic industry in Bombay. Moreover, it allows us to understand its industrial choices, between regionalism, nationalism and globalization. Thanks to Prabhat example, we are able to seize the multiple facets of this emergent Bollywood system and its territories. Although this industry seems to become renowned nowadays, Hindi films were already present at an international scale since the 1930s-1940s. Nowadays, this history seems to be lost in the memories of the studio.

El presente volumen es el resultado de las investigaciones realizadas entre 1997 y 2002 dentro del proyecto auspiciado por el Consejo Alemán de Investigación (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) con el tema "Interculturalidad y comunicación interdisciplinaria: Latinoamérica y la diversidad de los discursos". La realización del mismo se llevó a cabo bajo aspectos teórico-culturales, epistemológicos, políticos, sociológicos, filosóficos y estéticos, entre otros, teniendo como base común una reflexión transdisciplinaria sobre la constitución y circulación de discursos sobre Latinoamérica y sobre aspectos teóricos de diversa naturaleza relacionadas con el continente, particularmente sobre los de la "postmodernidad", la "postcolonialidad" y la "modernidad".

Adapting literature from a cultural context to another is the main theme of my master's thesis. The aim is to determine how publishing houses adapt a book from a different cultural context to their own, and if there are any specific marketing choices being made during the publishing process.The thesis highlights two authors, Sara Stridsberg from Sweden and Silke Scheuermann from Germany. Interviews have been made with the publishers, editors and translators of the translated novels. One of the main themes is to be able to showcase differences between the Swedish and the German publishing business and their particular cultural characteristics in working with translated novels. I have found that the brand of a publishing house is important when making publishing decisions. For larger publishing houses, the economical capital is of importance, and for smaller publishing houses the cultural capital tends to be of a higher value. The book market is becoming more defined by the economy of attention and economization of culture, which is showing in all different aspects of the business; publishing houses, newspapers and agents are all adapting towards a more economic focus.

Lorsque, au IVe siècle, les Romains rendirent hommage à la sagesse, ils érigèrent une statue de Pythagore. Pline l’Ancien s’en étonne : pourquoi n’a-t-on pas plutôt choisi Socrate ? Cette interrogation reflète l’intégration progressive de la figure du philosophe athénien à Rome, depuis le IIe siècle av. J.C. jusqu’à l’œuvre de Sénèque qui intériorise le modèle socratique d’enseignement.Est d’abord réuni le corpus exhaustif des occurrences de Socrate dans une perspective diachronique. Les passages sont contextualisés dans l’économie de l’œuvre, son genre et les objectifs de chaque auteur. La source grecque est, si possible, identifiée : la présence de Socrate sert alors de marqueur de la lecture des textes de Platon, de Xénophon, mais aussi d’autres Socratiques comme Eschine.Dans un second temps, les textes sont étudiés selon des regroupements chronologiques et thématiques : est alors définie une double réception de Socrate, entre valorisation et mépris, qui s’articule autour de sa grandeur, son rôle fondateur pour les écoles de pensée hellénistiques, sa mort courageuse et, à rebours, sa dénonciation de la rhétorique ou le caractère inutile des propos des Socratiques pour lutter contre les passions. Au mode de vie philosophique qu’incarne Socrate s’oppose parfois celui défini par le mos maiorum, ou encore par le poète élégiaque. Se dévoilent différentes interprétations de Socrate, ancêtre du cynisme et du stoïcisme, probabiliste ou transcendantaliste, ouvrant ainsi la voie à un transfert culturel des œuvres, mais aussi de leurs exégèses. Que ce soit dans une perspective historiographique, philosophique ou littéraire, Socrate devient peu à peu un exemplum, un modèle de vie. / When, in 343 B.C., the Romans paid tribute to wisdom, they built a statue of Pythagoras. Why was not Socrates chosen instead ? Pliny the Elder wonders. This interrogation reflects the progressive integration of the figure of the Athenian philosopher in Rome, from the second century B.C. until the work of Seneca which internalises the Socratic teaching model.At first, the exhaustive corpus of the occurrences of Socrates is gathered in a diachronic perspective. The passages are contextualized in the entire work, its genre and the purposes of every author. The Greek sources are, when possible, identified : the presence of Socrates serves then as a marker for the reading of the texts of Plato, Xenophon, but also other Socratics like Aeschines.Secondly, the texts are studied according to chronological and thematic groupings : a double reception of Socrates is then defined, between praise and contempt, which articulates around his greatness, his founding role for the Hellenistic philosophic schools, his courageous death and, on the contrary, his denunciation of rhetoric or the fact that Socratics’ theories are useless to fight against passions. The philosophic lifestyle embodied by Socrates sometimes contrasts with the one defined by the mos maiorum, or by the elegiac poets. Various interpretations of Socrates come to light, as an ancestor of Cynicism and Stoicism, as a sceptic or a transcendentalist, paving the way for a cultural transfer of the Greek philosophical works but also of their exegeses. Whether it be in an historiographic, philosophic or literary perspective, Socrates gradually becomes an exemplum, a model of life.

From 1838 until the end of the European Revolutions in 1852, the French Revolution provided Chartists with a repertoire of symbolism that Chartists would deploy in their activism, histories, and literature to foster a sense of collective consciousness, define a democratic world-view, and encourage internationalist sentiment. Challenging conservative notions of the revolution as a bloody and anarchic affair, Chartists constructed histories of 1789 that posed the era as a romantic struggle for freedom and nationhood analogous to their own, and one that was deeply entwined with British history and national identity. During the 1830s, Chartist opposition to the New Poor Law drew from the gothic repertoire of the Bastille to frame inequality in Britain. The workhouse 'bastile' was not viewed simply as an illegitimate imposition upon Britain, but came to symbolise the character of class rule. Meanwhile, Chartist newspapers also printed fictions based on the French Revolution, inserting Chartist concerns into the narratives, and their histories of 1789 stressed the similarity between France on the eve of revolution and Britain on the eve of the Charter. During the 1840s Chartist internationalism was contextualised by a framework of thinking about international politics constructed around the Revolutions of 1789 and 1830, while the convulsions of Continental Europe during 1848 were interpreted as both a confirmation of Chartist historical discourse and as the opening of a new era of international struggle. In the Democratic Review (1849-1850), the Red Republican (1850), and The Friend of the People (1850-1852), Chartists like George Julian Harney, Helen Macfarlane, William James Linton, and Gerald Massey, along with leading figures of the radical émigrés of 1848, characterised 'democracy' as a spirit of action and a system of belief. For them, the democratic heritage was populated by a diverse array of figures, including the Apostles of Jesus, Martin Luther, the romantic poets, and the Jacobins of 1793. The 'Red Republicanism' that flourished during 1848-1852 was sustained by the historical viewpoints arrived at during the Chartist period generally. Attempts to define a 'science' of socialism was as much about correcting the misadventures of past ages as it was a means to realise the promise announced by the 'Springtime of the Peoples'.

Pendant l’entre-deux-guerres, pédagogues et pouvoirs publics attendent des élèves musiciens étrangers formés à Paris qu’ils deviennent, selon une expression d’Henri Rabaud, directeur du Conservatoire, « les plus utiles propagateurs de la culture française » : par leurs déplacements, ces musiciens voyageurs assureraient la diffusion internationale de techniques musicales et de partis pris esthétiques français. Nous confrontons ce transfert culturel désiré à sa réalisation. La correspondance des institutions avec les pouvoirs publics souligne d’abord les enjeux que recouvre la venue de ces élèves en France. Les archives des écoles de musique, partiellement inédites, alimentent ensuite une base de données prosopographique identifiant les apprentis étrangers. La presse musicale et les récits de vie témoignent enfin de l’insertion de ces jeunes artistes dans la vie musicale parisienne et internationale, et permettent d’évaluer l’efficacité des mesures prises en faveur des élèves étrangers. / During the interwar years, foreign music students trained in Paris are expected from teachers and public authorities to become « the most useful propagators of French culture », according to director of Conservatoire, Henri Rabaud’s words : through moving abroad, those traveler musicians shall spread musical techniques and French aesthetical bias all over the world. We are confronting this cultural transfer to its fulfilment. First, the correspondence between institutions and public authorities emphasizes issues caused by these students coming to France. Then, the partly unpublished archives of music schools form a prosopographic data base identifying foreign young musicians. Musical press and life stories finally attest that these young artists are integrated in parisian as well as international musical life, and allow also to estimate the effect of measures in favour of foreign students.

Notre présence de 1990 à 2010 en qualité d’éducateur spécialisé sur Beaubreuil, quartier de la ville de Limoges, Haute-Vienne, nous a permis d’accompagner, d’observer et de prendre part pendant plus de vingt années aux processus migratoires vietnamiens. Durant tout ce temps nous avons pu constater d’un point de vue psychologique que les ruptures consécutives à l’exil, puis au choc culturel né du contact avec la société d’accueil, ont fait surgir chez les individus des problématiques complexes, notamment identitaires. Dans l’exil, pour faire face aux risques psychosociaux provoqués par l’instabilité de leur structure psychique et de leur système culturel, les vietnamiens ont investi l’espace public et l’espace privé proposés par la culture d’accueil. Ces démarches, multiples, leur ont permis dans le réaménagement de ces espaces, de retrouver, de recréer, les éléments perçus par eux comme fondamentaux de leur culture d’origine, nécessaires et indispensables au travail de rééquilibrage psychique. En France, l’injonction culturelle vietnamienne d’élaboration d’autels religieux au sein de leurs habitations a conduit les personnes à réinterpréter, au sein de dynamiques subjectives, la question des différentes composantes de leur identité, personnelle et sociale, culturelle et religieuse. Les interactions entre l’injonction de la culture d’origine et l’espace proposé par la culture d’accueil ont conduit les sujets à engager des transformations, des modifications dans l’élaboration de leurs autels religieux. En ce sens ces élaborations rendent compte et constituent des analyseurs particulièrement pertinents des processus d’interculturation. / Our presence from 1990 to 2010 as a social worker in Beaubreuil, district of the city of Limoges, Haute-Vienne, allowed us to support, observe and take part for over twenty years in the Vietnamese migration processes. All this time, we noted from a psychological perspective, that ruptures, resulting from the exile, then from the culture shock, were born by contacts with the host society, have given rise to individuals, complex problems including identity ones. In exile, to face the psychosocial risks caused by the instability of their psychic structure and their cultural system, the Vietnamese have invested public and private areas offered by the host culture. These approaches, multiple, allowed them in the redevelopment of these areas, to find, to recreate the elements perceived by them as fundamental in their native culture, necessary and essential to their work of psychic restructuring. In France, the cultural injunction of religious altars development in the private sphere has led them to reinterpret in a subjective way the question of the different components of their identity personal and social, cultural and religious The interactions between the native culture injunction and the space proposed by the host culture has engaged transformations, changes in the elaboration of religious altars. In that way, they are reflecting and are forming analyzers, particularly relevant to us, the intercultural exchange process.

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This thesis investigates the oft-overlooked influence of the classifier's input during the assignment of library classifications and draws upon cultural transfer theory to shed light on the underlying principles that guide the process. Classifiers' personal knowledge, experience, and beliefs, have a critical role in determining the 'aboutness' of a work and its subsequent classification. To explore this theory, this research employs a dual-methods approach, using qualitative analysis of past literature contrasted with a data set formed through a real-world reclassification project at The Swedish Institute in Rome (ISVRoma) using the Library of Congress Classification scheme (LCC), with classifications in the catalogue of the American Academy in Rome (AARome) used for comparison. The resultant data provides a basis for examining the classifier's cultural input and the manifestation of cultural transfer theory in library classification. The findings of this thesis reveal the dynamic nature of classification, which is not a mere static or administrative task, but rather an evolving process deeply embedded in the societal and cultural context. Classifiers are found to act as interpreters, translators, and shapers of knowledge, bringing a profoundly human element to knowledge organisation and retrieval. The classifiers' craft, therefore, extends beyond the implementation of a systemic and controlled vocabulary and involves an active contribution of their knowledge and experience. This contributes to the overall flexibility and adaptability of the classification system. The thesis also underscores the necessity of reassessing our understanding of library classification systems, especially in light of AI's increasing role in this field.