Les œuvres de Marie Noël (1883-1967) sont surtout lues pour leur dimension spirituelle, mais elles offrent également une réflexion sur le rôle du poète dans un contexte chrétien. Dans un dialogue avec la tradition culturelle et religieuse à laquelle elle appartient, l’auteure s’interroge sur la valeur de l’activité poétique en mettant en scène divers personnages féminins qui se caractérisent par leur faiblesse. Ces personnages se rejoignent par un sentiment d’inutilité qui les marginalisent, mais qui leur permet paradoxalement d’atteindre une vocation plus haute. Dans la présente analyse, nous nous concentrerons sur l’œuvre poétique, c’est-à-dire Les Chansons et les Heures, Les Chants de la Merci, les Chants et psaumes d’automne et les Chants d’arrière-saison. Ces recueils présentent une certaine cohésion en ce qu’ils sont presque entièrement écrits à la première personne. Alors que les analyses critiques publiées jusqu’ici s’appuient généralement sur la biographie de l’auteure, ce mémoire propose une analyse des différentes figures qu'emprunte le sujet lyrique afin de valoriser l'écriture féminine. Plus précisément, nous montrerons comment le personnage de la femme infertile se découvre une fécondité nouvelle et accède à une maternité spirituelle à travers son activité poétique. Nous verrons aussi comment le sujet lyrique légitime sa parole en se revendiquant de l'inspiration divine, ce qui le rapproche de l’écriture mystique. / Most readers of Marie Noël (1883-1967) are interested by the spiritual dimension of her work. Nonetheless, her writings also reflect upon the poet’s role in a Christian world. While dependent on her cultural and religious background, the author wonders about the value of poetry. She introduces various feminine characters who are defined by their inadequacy but are then transformed on their own paths as writers. The following analysis focuses on the lyrical works of Marie Noël, which are Les Chansons et les Heures, Les Chants de la Merci, Chants et psaumes d’automne and Chants d’arrière-saison. These volumes are mostly written from the first-person point of view. Because of this trait, essays previously published insist on the author’s biography. This analysis, however, studies the masks worn by the lyrical subject and its constant desire to highlight the importance of women’s writing. More precisely, we will demonstrate how the character of the barren woman discovers a new fecundity and reaches spiritual motherhood through her poetry. We will also show how the lyrical subject justifies its voice while claiming divine inspiration. In doing so, the female characters are brought closer to the tradition of mystical writing.

nÃo hà / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo principal descrever, à luz da semiÃtica francesa, greimasiana, o efeito de blindagem, entendido aqui como uma proteÃÃo contra a identificaÃÃo do sujeito-humorista com um universo axiolÃgico especÃfico, produzido pelo discurso humorÃstico. Para tanto, partimos de uma concepÃÃo de enunciaÃÃo como instÃncia pressuposta do enunciado que, como tal, somente pode ser descrita ou reconstruÃda pelas marcas deixadas no enunciado. Como implicaÃÃo dessa concepÃÃo de enunciaÃÃo, buscamos ainda descrever os procedimentos enunciativos e comunicativos que caracterizariam uma dinÃmica identitÃria, um procedimento enunciativo, portanto, a que convencionamos chamar sujeito-humorista. Fica evidente que nosso propÃsito nÃo passa por identificar um sujeito empÃrico, mas sim um modo de operaÃÃo discursiva que julgamos envolver estratÃgias enunciativas, de debreagem e de embreagem; ambiguidade do acordo comunicativo, fiduciÃrio e veridictÃrio; e ainda os modos de interaÃÃo mobilizados pelo enunciado humorÃstico. Dado que nosso objeto, a blindagem, nÃo se presta a uma anÃlise quantificÃvel numericamente, adotamos uma metodologia qualitativa. Por esse caminho, selecionamos textos reconhecidos como humorÃsticos que assumem o papel de exemplificar nossas reflexÃes acerca do fenÃmeno de blindagem. Os resultados de nossas leituras demonstraram que o efeito de blindagem se produz à medida em que os procedimentos enunciativos mobilizados e os acordos comunicativos estabelecidos esvaziam semanticamente o sujeitohumorista, criam instÃncias enunciativas com diferentes graus de profundidade e impedem a atribuiÃÃo ao sujeito-humorista da conjunÃÃo ou disjunÃÃo dos valores atualizados pelo enunciado. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo principal descrever, à luz da semiÃtica francesa, greimasiana, o efeito de blindagem, entendido aqui como uma proteÃÃo contra a identificaÃÃo do sujeito-humorista com um universo axiolÃgico especÃfico, produzido pelo discurso humorÃstico. Para tanto, partimos de uma concepÃÃo de enunciaÃÃo como instÃncia pressuposta do enunciado que, como tal, somente pode ser descrita ou reconstruÃda pelas marcas deixadas no enunciado. Como implicaÃÃo dessa concepÃÃo de enunciaÃÃo, buscamos ainda descrever os procedimentos enunciativos e comunicativos que caracterizariam uma dinÃmica identitÃria, um procedimento enunciativo, portanto, a que convencionamos chamar sujeito-humorista. Fica evidente que nosso propÃsito nÃo passa por identificar um sujeito empÃrico, mas sim um modo de operaÃÃo discursiva que julgamos envolver estratÃgias enunciativas, de debreagem e de embreagem; ambiguidade do acordo comunicativo, fiduciÃrio e veridictÃrio; e ainda os modos de interaÃÃo mobilizados pelo enunciado humorÃstico. Dado que nosso objeto, a blindagem, nÃo se presta a uma anÃlise quantificÃvel numericamente, adotamos uma metodologia qualitativa. Por esse caminho, selecionamos textos reconhecidos como humorÃsticos que assumem o papel de exemplificar nossas reflexÃes acerca do fenÃmeno de blindagem. Os resultados de nossas leituras demonstraram que o efeito de blindagem se produz à medida em que os procedimentos enunciativos mobilizados e os acordos comunicativos estabelecidos esvaziam semanticamente o sujeitohumorista, criam instÃncias enunciativas com diferentes graus de profundidade e impedem a atribuiÃÃo ao sujeito-humorista da conjunÃÃo ou disjunÃÃo dos valores atualizados pelo enunciado. / The main purpose of this doctoral thesis is to describe, in the light of the French Semiotics, Greimasian, the shielding effect, understood here as a protection against the identification of the subject-humorist with a specific axiological universe, produced by humorous discourse. For this, we start from a conception of enunciation as a presupposed instance of the utterance which, as such, can only be described or reconstructed by the marks left in the utterance. As an implication of this conception of enunciation, we also try to describe the enunciative and communicative procedures that would characterize an identity dynamics, an enunciative procedure, therefore, what we call the subject-humorist. It is evident that our purpose is not to identify an empirical subject, but rather a discursive mode of operation that we think involves enunciative strategies, shifting out and shifting in; ambiguity of the communicative, fiduciary and veridictory agreement; and also the modes of interaction mobilized by the humorous statement. Since our object, the shield, does not lend itself to a numerically quantifiable analysis, we adopted a qualitative methodology. Through this path, we select texts recognized as humorous that assume the role of exemplifying our reflections about the phenomenon of shielding. The results of our analyzes showed that the shielding effect occurs as the mobilized enunciative procedures and the established communicative agreements empty the subject-humorist semantically, create enunciative instances with different degrees of depth and preclude the attribution to the subject-humorist of the conjunction or disjunction of the values updated by the statement. / The main purpose of this doctoral thesis is to describe, in the light of the French Semiotics, Greimasian, the shielding effect, understood here as a protection against the identification of the subject-humorist with a specific axiological universe, produced by humorous discourse. For this, we start from a conception of enunciation as a presupposed instance of the utterance which, as such, can only be described or reconstructed by the marks left in the utterance. As an implication of this conception of enunciation, we also try to describe the enunciative and communicative procedures that would characterize an identity dynamics, an enunciative procedure, therefore, what we call the subject-humorist. It is evident that our purpose is not to identify an empirical subject, but rather a discursive mode of operation that we think involves enunciative strategies, shifting out and shifting in; ambiguity of the communicative, fiduciary and veridictory agreement; and also the modes of interaction mobilized by the humorous statement. Since our object, the shield, does not lend itself to a numerically quantifiable analysis, we adopted a qualitative methodology. Through this path, we select texts recognized as humorous that assume the role of exemplifying our reflections about the phenomenon of shielding. The results of our analyzes showed that the shielding effect occurs as the mobilized enunciative procedures and the established communicative agreements empty the subject-humorist semantically, create enunciative instances with different degrees of depth and preclude the attribution to the subject-humorist of the conjunction or disjunction of the values updated by the statement.

This thesis examines the political thought of Achille Mbembe. It deploys decolonial critical analysis to unmask traces of coloniality with regard to the African existential conditions foregrounded in the conception of the African subject, its subjection, and subjectivity. The theoretical foundation of this thesis is decolonial epistemic perspective—the epistemic intervention that serves as a lens to understand Mbembe’s work and—that is the theoretical foundation outside the Euro-North American “mainstream” canon foregrounded in coloniality. Decolonial epistemic perspective in this thesis is deployed to expose three kinds of coloniality in Mbembe’s work, namely: coloniality of power, coloniality of knowledge and coloniality of being. The thrust of this thesis is that Mbembe’s political thought is inadequate for the understanding of the African existential condition in that it does not fully take coloniality into account. In order to acknowledge the existence of coloniality through decolonial critical analysis, the political thought of Mbembe is examined in relation to modes of self-writing, power in the postcolony, the politics of violence in Africa, Frantz Fanon’s political thought, and the idea of South Africa as major themes undertaken in this thesis. Decolonial critical analysis deals with foundational questions that have relevance to the existential condition of the African subject and the manner in which such an existential crisis can be brought to an end. These foundational questions confront issues like—who is speaking or writing, from where, for whom and why? This thesis reveals that Mbembe is writing and thinking Africa from outside the problematic ontology of the African subject and, as such, Mbembe precludes any form of African subjectivity that challenges the Euro-North American canon. This then reveals that Mbembe is not critical of coloniality and this has the implications in that subjection is left on the wayside and not accounted for. Having explored the genealogy, trajectory and horisons of decolonial critical analysis to understand the political thought of Mbembe, this thesis highlights that it is essential to take a detour through the shifting of the geography of reason. Herein lies the originality of this thesis, and it is here that Africa is thought from within a standpoint of decolonial critical analysis and not Africa that is thought from the Euro-North American canon. Therefore, the shifting of the geography of reason is necessary for the authorisation of the subjectivity of the African subject in order to combat subjection. / Political Sciences / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Politics)

Ce mémoire se penche sur l’évolution des stratégies d’autoreprésentation et d’autofictionnalisation dans cinq solos de Marie Brassard entre 2000 et 2011 – Jimmy, créature de rêve, La noirceur, Peepshow, L’invisible et Moi qui me parle à moi-même dans le futur. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser comment les masques vocaux contribuent au dévoilement de soi et produisent de ce fait un sentiment d’intimité malgré l’alternance des effets d’identification et de distanciation qu’ils suscitent. Le premier chapitre montre que, par l’ouverture du moi sur le monde au fil des créations, les protagonistes parviennent bientôt à dire « je » sans avoir la consistance d’un personnage, alors que le moi de l’archiénonciatrice se dilate grâce à la perméabilité et aux permutations continuelles des thèmes, des motifs et des personnages. Le second chapitre analyse le décloisonnement spatial qui affecte la scène et la salle comme la performeuse et ses collaborateurs dans l’établissement d’un véritable dialogisme. À partir de l’étude du corps en scène, le dernier chapitre examine les effets du décloisonnement textuel et spatial, et montre que la mise en évidence du triple rôle endossé par Brassard – auteure, actrice et agenceure scénique – oblige à reconsidérer la nature du corps qui s’offre au regard durant la représentation, en invitant le spectateur à s’investir dans le jeu scénique au-delà des évidences. / This dissertation focuses on the development of the strategies of self-representation and autofictionnalisation in five one-woman shows by Marie Brassard between 2000 and 2011 – Jimmy, creature de reve, The Darkness, Peepshow, The Invisible and Me Talking to Myself in the Future. The objective of this study is to analyze the way vocal masks contribute to self-disclosure and thereby produce a feeling of intimacy despite the alternating effects of identification and alienation they engender. The first chapter shows that by opening the “me” to the world through creations, the protagonists soon come to say “I” without having the consistency of a character, while the “me” of the archienonciator expands through continual permeability and permutations of themes, motives and characters. The second chapter analyzes the deregulation affecting the space stage and the audience as well as the performer and her collaborators in the establishment of a genuine dialogism. With the study of the body on stage as its starting point, the last chapter examines the effects of spatial and textual decompartmentalization and shows that the display of the triple role endorsed by Brassard – author, actress and scenic organizer – forces us to reconsider the nature of the body that offers itself to the audience during the performance, inviting the audience member to invest himself in stagecraft beyond what is obvious.

Prenant appui sur l’occultation de la mémoire verbale par la théorie théâtrale actuelle, le présent mémoire questionne l’exercice mémoriel des acteurs contemporains à partir de la dialectique mémoire/oubli dans les théories et pratiques de l’énonciation de Larry Tremblay, de Daniel Danis et de Christian Lapointe. Le premier chapitre s’intéresse aux fondements de l’énonciation privilégiés par les praticiens dans leurs discours théoriques – Le crâne des théâtres (Tremblay), « La mémoire intime au théâtre » (Danis), « Petit guide de l’apparition à l’usage de ceux qu’on ne voit pas » (Lapointe) –, plus précisément à la valeur accordée à la mémorisation verbale. Le deuxième s’attache à montrer que les textes dramatiques des auteurs-metteurs en scène – The Dragonfly of Chicoutimi (Tremblay), Mille anonymes (Danis), Sepsis (Lapointe) – engagent aussi un rapport oblique à l’apprentissage par cœur. Enfin, le troisième cherche à définir la notion de mémoire oublieuse à la lumière de laquelle les théories et les pratiques de Tremblay, de Danis et de Lapointe peuvent être analysées ainsi qu’à en identifier certaines conséquences dans leurs mises en scène. / Based on the concealment of verbal memory by theatrical theory, this master’s dissertation questions the memorial exercise of contemporary actors from the memory/oblivion dialectic in the enunciation theories and practices of Larry Tremblay, Daniel Danis and Christian Lapointe. The first chapter focuses on the main foundations of enunciation defended in the theoretical discourses of the practioners – Le crâne des théâtres (Tremblay), « La mémoire intime au théâtre » (Danis), « Petit guide de l’apparition à l’usage de ceux qu’on ne voit pas » (Lapointe) –, more specifically in the value they place on verbal memory. The second chapter shows that their dramatic texts – The Dragonfly of Chicoutimi (Tremblay), Mille anonymes (Danis), Sepsis (Lapointe) – also undertake a slant to learning by heart. Finally, the third chapter seeks to define the concept of forgetful memory in the light of which the theories and practices of Tremblay, Danis and Lapointe can be analyzed and to identify some implications in their staging.

Dans un contexte de complexité territoriale où les référents spatiaux se multiplient, se fragmentent, se recomposent et entrent en concurrence, aborder la question de la territorialisation culturelle comme un processus communicationnel est le moyen par lequel ce travail contribue à la réflexion sur les phénomènes de requalification et de recomposition des territoires. Par emprunt de la notion de territorialisation à la Science politique et à la Géographie, notre posture s’appuie sur une boîte à outils (théorique et méthodologique) capable de construire un regard oblique dont le principe est celui de l’indissociabilité des composants d’un même phénomène. En effet, l’originalité de cette recherche se situe principalement dans l’articulation d’approches habituellement considérées comme irréconciliables étant donné le caractère polyphonique des discours qui participent de cette poïétique territoriale – les modalités de la (re)génération d’un territoire – : l’approche identificationnelle matérialisée par les discours des acteurs politiques, et l’approche appropriationnelle qui s’intéresse aux récits de pratiques territoriales des habitants et des usagers. L’enjeu scientifique de cette thèse réside donc dans la compréhension du fonctionnement de ce processus communicationnel et de sa capacité à enchanter, par la médiation des discours, un espace intercommunal.Pour la compréhension de ce processus, nous avons pris appui sur le cas d’Ouest Provence, ancienne « ville nouvelle » située sur les rives de l’étang de Berre, au nord-ouest de Marseille, marqué par une imposante activité industrielle et polluante. Cette agglomération se trouve aujourd’hui dans une phase de normalisation, après avoir bénéficié, pendant quarante ans, du régime exceptionnel de ce projet de développement urbain initié et soutenue par l’État. À partir d’une approche ethno-sémiotique, nous avons constitué et analysé un corpus hétérogène de discours circulants (discours d’inauguration de l’identité nouvelle d’Ouest Provence, extrait du numéro inaugural du journal intercommunal, toponyme, logotypes, programmes et éditoriaux de saison de la régie culturelle SCOP), et de discours provoqués (entretiens ethnographiques auprès des acteurs politiques, administratifs et culturels, et auprès des spectateurs-abonnés de la régie culturelle SCOP). L’objectif étant de mettre au jour le travail d’obturation d’une partie du champ de vision de l’habitant et de l’usager que mènent les acteurs politiques, par une restructuration de leurs pratiques ou du moins de leurs effets, afin d’enchanter leur imaginaire territorial. Et c’est par l’intermédiaire d’un opérateur, le dispositif de la régie culturelle Scènes et Cinés, que se met en place cette stratégie. Effectivement, la pratique de sortie au théâtre est donc décrite comme une pratique de mobilisation des habitants et des usagers de manière à leur faire-croire en cette « communauté imaginée » qu’incarne Ouest Provence. Mais à côté de ces discours d’élus, l’analyse des récits des pratiques des abonnés de Scènes et Cinés laisse entrevoir une territorialité dont les trois régimes que esquissés (le sentiment du chez-soi, l’engagement, et l’attachement à un être-ensemble) sont motivés par un rapport sensible au territoire. Cette dimension de la pratique de sortie au théâtre nous semble fondamentale en ce qu’elle révèle la nature du rapport individuel et collectif des spectateurs à leurs espaces de pratiques culturelles qui est, avant tout, façonné par la sensation et l’émotion. La territorialité spectatorielle constitue ainsi une expérience qui participe, tout au moins momentanément, du processus d’enchantement territorial. / Our research contributes to the understanding of a requalification and reorganization phenomenon by questioning cultural territorialization as a communicational process, in a context of territorial complexity where spatial referentials are multiplied, split up, recomposed and brought to compete with one another. Borrowing from the notion of territorialization as found in political sciences and geography, our posture is supported by a theoretical and methodological personal construction that enables us to build an oblique view point, the principle of which is the indivisibility of the above mentioned phenomenon’s components. Indeed, the originality of this research lies mainly in the combining of different approaches usually considered irreconcilable, given the polyphonic character of the discourses that participate in territorial poïetics - conditions of (re)generation of a territory - : the identification-based approach formed by political actors’ discourses, the function of which is the production and the circulation of standards and values in the public space, and the appropriation-based approach which is interested in the narrative given by inhabitants and practitioners of their territorial practices. The scientific argument of our thesis lies in the understanding of how this communicational process functions and its capacity to “enchant” an inter-communal space that becomes meaningful again, through the mediation of a series of discourses.In order to understand this process, we have used, as a case study, the urban community of Ouest Provence, which had the status of a “new town”, and thus benefitted for forty years, from major state development policies. This urban area, on the banks of the Etang de Berre, north west of Marseilles, where France’s major oil refineries, gaz and petro-chemical factories are located, is marked by this impressive industrial activity and the image of pollution that it gives. The Ouest Provence area is about to be “normalized”, by becoming an ordinary group of smaller towns with a new inter-communal status. From an ethno-semiotic approach, we have constituted and analyzed a heterogeneous corpus of circulating discourses (inaugural speech for Ouest Provence’s new identity, excerpts from the inter-communal newspaper inaugural issue, toponyms, logotypes, programs and editorials taken from the Scènes et Cinés’ cultural season) and instigated discourses (ethnographical conversations with political, administrative and cultural professionals and with the Scènes et Cinés’ spectators-subscribers). The intention was to bring to light the attempts by the political actors to modify the representations that local inhabitants and users have of their territory by restructuring in particular their theatre practices in order to re-enchant their territorial imagination. It is through an operator, the device of the cultural institution Scènes et Cinés, that this strategy is set up. The practice of theatre-going is thus described as a practice of mobilization of the inhabitants and the users so as to make them believe in this “imagined community” that the Ouest Provence embodies. The analysis of the practice narratives of the Scènes et Cinés subscribers gives us a glimpse of a territoriality where three aspects which we highlighted (the feeling of being at home, the commitment to the theatre, and the attachment to a sort of togetherness in this practice) are motivated by an emotional relationship to the territory. This theatre-going dimension seems to us fundamental, as it reveals all the complexity of the spectators’ relationships with each other and with the spaces linked to their cultural practices, which are particularly shaped by both individual and collective sensations and emotions. So, such a spectator experience is involved, at least temporarily, in the process of territorial enchantment.

This thesis examines the political thought of Achille Mbembe. It deploys decolonial critical analysis to unmask traces of coloniality with regard to the African existential conditions foregrounded in the conception of the African subject, its subjection, and subjectivity. The theoretical foundation of this thesis is decolonial epistemic perspective—the epistemic intervention that serves as a lens to understand Mbembe’s work and—that is the theoretical foundation outside the Euro-North American “mainstream” canon foregrounded in coloniality. Decolonial epistemic perspective in this thesis is deployed to expose three kinds of coloniality in Mbembe’s work, namely: coloniality of power, coloniality of knowledge and coloniality of being. The thrust of this thesis is that Mbembe’s political thought is inadequate for the understanding of the African existential condition in that it does not fully take coloniality into account. In order to acknowledge the existence of coloniality through decolonial critical analysis, the political thought of Mbembe is examined in relation to modes of self-writing, power in the postcolony, the politics of violence in Africa, Frantz Fanon’s political thought, and the idea of South Africa as major themes undertaken in this thesis. Decolonial critical analysis deals with foundational questions that have relevance to the existential condition of the African subject and the manner in which such an existential crisis can be brought to an end. These foundational questions confront issues like—who is speaking or writing, from where, for whom and why? This thesis reveals that Mbembe is writing and thinking Africa from outside the problematic ontology of the African subject and, as such, Mbembe precludes any form of African subjectivity that challenges the Euro-North American canon. This then reveals that Mbembe is not critical of coloniality and this has the implications in that subjection is left on the wayside and not accounted for. Having explored the genealogy, trajectory and horisons of decolonial critical analysis to understand the political thought of Mbembe, this thesis highlights that it is essential to take a detour through the shifting of the geography of reason. Herein lies the originality of this thesis, and it is here that Africa is thought from within a standpoint of decolonial critical analysis and not Africa that is thought from the Euro-North American canon. Therefore, the shifting of the geography of reason is necessary for the authorisation of the subjectivity of the African subject in order to combat subjection. / Political Sciences / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Politics)

Inscrite dans le champ de l’analyse du discours en interaction, notre thèse propose une étude des formes et des fonctions des discours rapportés (DR) dans le cadre des six débats télévisés de l’entre-deux-tours des présidentielles ayant eu lieu en France entre 1974 et 2012. Il y est question de déterminer avec précision à quoi sert le DR — dont on pourrait penser qu’il n’est pas véritablement constitutif du genre — dans ces interactions où chacun des candidats poursuit les objectifs particuliers de s’autopromouvoir et de délégitimer son adversaire.L’analyse détaillée des quelques quatre cents extraits recensés dans le corpus montre que les DR répondent, selon leur lieu d’apparition dans l’échange en cours, la nature de leur source (l’adversaire, un tiers extérieur au débat ou le locuteur lui-même) et leur teneur propositionnelle, à trois différentes visées qualifiables d’autopromotionnelle, de défensive et de polémique — visées auxquelles contribuent en outre parfois leur mode de mise en scène para- et non verbale (mouvements de la voix, mais aussi mimiques, postures, regards et gestuelles déployés par le locuteur conjointement au DR).Répondant ainsi à une intuition de départ, ce travail met à jour le fait que non seulement les discours rapportés sont mis au service des objectifs spécifiques des candidats lors des débats, mais encore qu’ils occupent, selon la nature de leur source, des fonctions différentes mais complémentaires (fonctions relatives à la dynamique des échanges et à l’élaboration d’un discours en confrontation, fonctions strictement argumentatives ou encore fonctions relatives à la finalité des débats en eux-mêmes). / Grounded in the framework of the discourse-in-interaction analysis, this work analyses the forms and functions of reported speech within the six second-round debates of the French presidential election taking place in France between 1974 and 2012. Its object is to precisely determine the purpose of reported speech (which one might think that it is not truly constitutive of the genre) within these interactions in which candidates’main aims are self-promotion and the opponent depreciation.By analysing in details the almost four hundreds extracts recorded in the corpus, our work shows that reported speeches aim, depending on their place within the exchanges, their source (the opponent, a third party or the speaker) and their propositional content, three different purposes we can consider as self-promotion, defence and argument — these purposes can be furthermore supported by some para- and non-verbal elements (voice movements, facial expression, posture, eye expression and gesture deployed at the same time).Following an initial intuition, this study reveals that not only reported speeches serve the candidates’ main goals during debates, but also, depending on their source, they assure different and complementary functions (functions serving the dynamic within the exchanges and the construction of a speech in confrontation, functions exclusively argumentative, or also functions relating to the debates global purpose).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane da Silva Ferreira.pdf: 688381 bytes, checksum: c948b24125c3d91914e8c99680cdbc3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The real meaning of the Brazilian original country music s lyrics leads us to a culture full of traditions, habits and social values, the rural culture that comes from a mix of Indian, European and African cultures. By the lyrics discourse, we get to know also the ideology and the ethos of the country man, representing a social group that contributes to the nation s progress. This ethos is somewhat predictable, because of the memory and the stereotype our society has, regarding that country man. After these considerations, our intention with this work is to examine how the ethos, showed in those six lyrics we chose, reveals identifying and cultural aspects of the Brazilian men. According to Maingueneau (1997), the ethos is inseparable from the enunciative scene where the performance occurs. So we could conclude, in our sampling, the relation between them, because the scene is built so that it reveals the character of the performer, who has a life style similar to the author of the lyrics lifestyle. The generic and ideologic coercion within these discourses allow us to conceive the native country music as a discursive kind of music. Aiming at the above objectives, the Discourse Analysis proved to be an adequate method, because its relation with Linguistic, Psychoanalysis and History, made it possible for us to explore the language and the discourse, linking them to social-historic factors / O discurso das letras de música de raiz nos remete a uma cultura permeada de tradições, hábitos e valores sociais que resultou do hibridismo cultural indígena, europeu e africano: a cultura caipira. Por meio do discurso das letras, conhecemos, ainda, a ideologia e o ethos do homem caipira, representante de um grupo social que contribuiu para o progresso do país. Este ethos, de certa forma, nos é previsível devido à memória discursiva e aos estereótipos que permeiam a sociedade em relação ao caipira. Diante destas considerações, o que pretendemos neste trabalho é examinar como o ethos manifestado nas seis letras selecionadas nos revela aspectos identitários e culturais do homem brasileiro. Conforme postula Maingueneau (1997), o ethos discursivo é inseparável da cena enunciativa na qual ocorre a representação da enunciação. Sendo assim, pudemos concluir em nossa amostra a relação entre ambos, pois a cena é construída de modo que evidencie o caráter do enunciador que, dada a semelhança do modo de vida, representa o sujeito-autor das letras. As coerções genéricas e ideológicas nestes discursos nos permitiram conceber a música de raiz como um gênero discursivo. Tendo em vista os objetivos expostos acima, a Análise do Discurso mostrou-se uma metodologia adequada porque sua relação com a Lingüística, a Psicanálise e a História nos permitiu explorar a língua e o discurso, relacionando-os a fatores histórico-sociais

Se a publicação dos dois volumes dos Problemas de linguística geral de Émile Benveniste (1966; 1974) se configura em um marco para os estudos enunciativos, a publicação de suas Últimas aulas no Collège de France (1968 e 1969) (2012) – obra estabelecida geneticamente por Jean-Claude Coquet e Irène Fenoglio a partir de manuscritos do linguista e de seus ouvintes – marca, por sua vez, uma volta à discussão de sua reflexão semiológica. Reflexão formulada por Benveniste no decorrer dos anos 60 e apresentada, sobretudo, em seu artigo “Semiologia da língua” (1969/1974). Nessa perspectiva, no presente trabalho, propõe-se a semiologia da língua de Benveniste como objeto de pesquisa. Ao contrário dos estudos correntes na área, neste, não é enfatizado o projeto da metassemântica apresentado programaticamente no final de “Semiologia da língua”, mas se busca compreender a ideia de uma semiologia da língua e o efeito dessa reflexão semiológica sobre o lugar da linguagem nas ciências humanas. Para tanto, de um ponto de vista que parte da noção de historicidade (MESCHONNIC, 1995) e que, através de uma composição vida-obra-teoria (condições de enunciação), busca aprofundar a discussão a respeito do pensamento de Benveniste, realiza-se um estudo teórico de diferentes textos de seus Problemas de linguística geral tomados em contraponto com os manuscritos que compõem suas Últimas aulas. O trabalho se apresenta em três capítulos, ao longo dos quais são formuladas e defendidas duas hipóteses, a primeira referente à ideia de que, além da metassemântica, a semiologia da língua desenvolvida pelo linguista engloba outras relações envolvendo a língua; a segunda referente à ideia de que, com a semiologia da língua, Benveniste torna incontornável uma reflexão a respeito da linguagem nas ciências humanas, uma vez que a língua (e somente a língua, devido a sua dupla significância) é o único sistema que pode interpretar a si mesmo e aos outros sistemas semiológicos. Esse fato faz com que o linguista confira um lugar central à língua em campos do saber fora da linguística. / If the publication of the two volumes of Problems in General Linguistics by Émile Benveniste (1966; 1974) is a landmark for enunciative studies, the publication of his Dernières Leçons. Collège de France 1968 et 1969 [Last Lectures at Collège de France (1968 and 1969)] (2012) – work genetically established by Jean-Claude Coquet and Irène Fenoglio based on the manuscripts of the linguist and his listeners – marks a return to the discussion of his semiological reflection. A reflection Benveniste developed during the 1960s and presented mainly in his article “The Semiology of Language” (1969/1974). Within this perspective, the object of research in this paper is Benveniste's semiology of language. Unlike current studies in this area, this one does not emphasize the project of meta-semantics presented programmatically at the end of “The Semiology of Language”, but seeks to understand the idea of a semiology of language and the effect of this semiological reflection on the place of language in the human sciences. In order to do that, from a standpoint that is based on the notion of historicity (MESCHONNIC, 1995) and that seeks to further the discussion on Benveniste’s thinking through a composition life-work-theory (conditions of enunciation), a theoretical study of different texts of his Problems in General Linguistics is carried out, taken in contrast with the manuscripts that make up his Dernières Leçons. The study is developed in three chapters, along which two hypotheses are formulated and defended. The first refers to the idea that, in addition to the meta-semantics, the semiology of language developed by the linguist includes other relationships involving language. The second refers to the idea that, with the semiology of language, Benveniste makes a reflection on language in the human sciences inevitable, since language (and only language, because of its double significance) is the only system that can interpret itself and other semiological systems. This fact leads the linguist to put language in a central place in fields of knowledge other than linguistics.