Global ETD Search

211	Biophotonic Investigation of Cardiac Structure and Hemodynamics During Embryogenesis UsingOptical Coherence Tomography Pedersen, Cameron James 28 January 2020 (has links) No description available. Biomedical Engineering Optics Developmental Biology Medical Imaging Physics Scientific Imaging blood flow congenital heart defects heart development fetal alcohol spectrum disorder folate folic acid optical coherence tomography OCT Doppler hemodynamics, prenatal alcohol exposure phase reference absolute velocity imaging embryo
212	DESIGN, SYNTHESIS, AND PRECLINICAL EVALUATION OF LIGAND-TARGETED CONJUGATES FOR CANCER RADIOTHERANOSTICS Spencer D Lindeman (11205204) 29 July 2021 (has links) For any drug candidate to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, it must meet strict standards for safety and efficacy. While the field of nuclear medicine is over 100 years old, traditional methods such as external beams or systematic administration have rarely met these standards or have limited application. Ligand-targeted therapy and diagnostics, or “theranostics,” has emerged in the past several decades as an exciting field that offers new possibilities to design drugs that are both safe and effective. When applied to nuclear medicine, the field of ligand-targeted radioactive theranostics is younger still, with many critical lessons being discovered and applied currently. This dissertation outlines the necessary principles of radioactive theranostic drug design, then demonstrates the application of several more recent techniques to improve both the efficacy and safety of radioactive theranostics targeting two high priority oncological targets: fibroblast activation protein alpha and folate receptor. Biochemistry Radiochemistry Molecular Medicine Organic Chemical Synthesis FAP Folate Receptor Radiotheranostics Radiotherapy Radioimaging Albumin-binder Brush border membrane Cancer Therapy Fibroblast Activation Protein-Alpha Ligand-targeting
213	Padrões alimentares, nutrientes do metabolismo do folato e homocisteína e três desfechos em saúde / Dietary patterns, nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism and three health outcomes Teixeira, Juliana Araujo 05 June 2018 (has links) Introdução - Os hábitos alimentares e os nutrientes da via metabólica do folato e homocisteína possuem grande importância na manutenção da saúde. Objetivo - Investigar a relação entre padrões alimentares (PAs) e os nutrientes envolvidos nessa via metabólica, com medidas antropométricas do recém-nascido, duração da infecção por HPV em homens e concentrações de homocisteína (Hcy) em adultos. Métodos - Foram utilizados dados dos estudos de coorte ProcriAr (Influência dos fatores nutricionais e poluentes atmosféricos urbanos na saúde pulmonar de crianças: um estudo de coorte com gestantes da zona oeste do município de São Paulo, n=299); e HIM (História natural da infecção por HPV em homens, n=1.194); e do estudo transversal ISA-Capital 2008 (Inquérito de saúde do estado de São Paulo, n=281). Os padrões alimentares foram derivados por análise fatorial por componentes principais nos estudos ProcriAr e ISA-Capital 2008 e utilizando reduced rank regression (RRR) no estudo HIM. Modelos multivariados de regressão de Poisson e lineares foram utilizados nos estudos ProcriAr e HIM para identificar a relação entre PAs e medidas antropométricas do recém-nascido e duração da infecção por HPV em homens, respectivamente. Utilizando modelo de equação estrutural, investigou-se a relação entre PAs, concentrações bioquímicas de folato, vitamina B12 e ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) e concentrações de homocisteína em adultos do estudo ISA-Capital, considerando polimorfismo da enzima metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase (MTHFR 677C>T). Os três estudos utilizaram questionário de frequência alimentar para avaliação do consumo alimentar. Resultados - No estudo ProcriAr, a maior adesão materna ao PA \"Snacks, sanduíches, doces e refrigerantes\", rico em energia, gordura, e folato sintético, esteve diretamente associada a ter um filho pequeno ao nascer (peso e/ou comprimento ao nascer, ajustado pela idade gestacional, abaixo do percentil 10 - INTERGOWTH-21st) (RR: 2,01; IC 95%: 1.13-3.57). No estudo HIM, homens com maior adesão ao \"PA3\" tiveram, em média, um aumento de 1,15 (IC95% 0,09-2,21) à 1,18 (IC95% 0,11-2,24) meses na duração da infecção por HPV. O \"PA3\" esteve positivamente correlacionado com vitamina B6 (r = 0,59), vitamina B12 (0,27) e DFE (0,07) e negativamente correlacionado com DHA (-0,37). No estudo ISA-Capital o PA \"Prudente\" esteve inversamente associado à concentração de Hcy (β = -0,12). O DHA esteve diretamente associado ao PA \"Prudente\"; composto por verduras e legumes, peixe, frutas, frango, suco natural e batata/mandioca/polenta (cozida ou assada). Conclusões - Os PAs estão associados às medidas antropométricas do recém-nascido, à duração da infecção por HPV em homens e às concentrações de homocisteína em adultos. Estes resultados reforçam a importância de estudos sobre alimentação e nutrição que considerem não somente nutrientes, mas principalmente o consumo de alimentos e suas combinações, servindo como base para a elaboração de estratégias e políticas públicas de promoção à saúde. / Introduction - The dietary habits and nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism are of great importance in health. Objective - To investigate the relationship between dietary patterns (DP) and the nutrients involved in this metabolism, with newborn\'s anthropometric measurements, duration of HPV infection in men, and homocysteine (Hcy) levels in adults. Methods - Data from the cohort studies ProcriAr (Influence of nutritional factors and urban air pollutants on the pulmonary health of children: a cohort study with pregnant women from the western region of the city of São Paulo, n=299); and HIM (Natural history of HPV infection in men, n=1,194); and the cross-sectional study ISA-Capital 2008 (São Paulo State Health Survey, n=281) were used. The DP were estimated using factor analysis with principal component\'s estimation in ProcriAr and ISA-Capital 2008 studies and using reduced rank regression (RRR) in HIM study. Multivariate Poisson and linear regression models were used in the ProcriAr and HIM studies to identify the relationship between DP and newborn\'s anthropometric measurements and duration of HPV infection in men, respectively. Using a structural equation model, the relationship between DP, biochemical levels of folate, vitamin B12 and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and homocysteine levels was investigated in adults from the ISA-Capital 2008 study, considering the polymorphism of the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR 677C>T). The three studies used a food frequency questionnaire to evaluate dietary intake. Results - In the ProcriAr study, the higher maternal adherence to the \"Snacks, sandwiches, sweets and soft drinks\" DP, which is a DP rich in energy, fat, and synthetic folate, was directly associated with having a child small at birth (weight and/or birth length by gestational age and sex below the 10th percentile - INTERGOWTH-21st) (RR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.13-3.57). In the HIM study, men with higher adherence to \"DP3\" had, on average, an increase from 1.15 (95% CI 0.09-2.21) to 1.18 (95% CI 0.11-2.24) months in the duration of HPV infection. \"DP3\" was positively correlated with vitamin B6 (r = 0.59), vitamin B12 (0.27) and DFE (0.07) and negatively correlated with DHA (-0.37). In the ISA-Capital study, the \"Prudent\" DP was inversely associated with Hcy levels (β = -0.12). DHA was directly associated with \"Prudent\" DP; composed of vegetables, fish, fruits, chicken, natural juice and potato/cassava/polenta (cooked or roasted). Conclusions - Dietary patterns are associated with newborn\'s anthropometric measurements, duration of HPV infection in men, and Hcy levels in adults. These results reinforce the importance of studies on food and nutrition that consider not only nutrients, but mainly the consumption of foods and their combinations, serving as a basis for the elaboration of public health promotion strategies and policies. Ácidos Graxos Poliinsaturados Birth Length Birth Weight Cardiovascular Disease Comprimento ao Nascer DFE DFE DHA DHA Dietary Patterns Doença Cardiovascular Folate Folato Homocisteína Homocysteine HPV HPV Ingestão Habitual Metabolismo do Folato e Homocisteína One-Carbon Metabolism Padrões Alimentares Peso ao Nascer Polimorfismo Polymorphism Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Usual Dietary Intake Vitamin B12 Vitamina B12
214	Quantitative Myelinbildgebung bei Erkrankungen der weißen Hirnsubstanz im Kindes- und Jugendalter / Quantitative myelin imaging of childhood white matter disorders Preuße, Matthias 23 February 2021 (has links) No description available. 610 Magnetisierungstransfer-Bildgebung Diffusionstensor-Bildgebung Magnetisierungstransfer-Sättigung Adrenoleukodystrophie Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-Syndrom zerebrale Folatdefizienz magnetization transfer imaging diffusion tensor imaging magnetization transfer saturation adrenoleukodystrophy Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease cerebral folate deficiency Pädiatrie, Neonatologie (PPN619876107)
215	Protection contre les effets d’une exposition prénatale à l’alcool durant la préimplantation chez l’embryon par une diète maternelle enrichie en donneurs de méthyles Breton-Larrivée, Mélanie 04 1900 (has links) La consommation d’alcool pendant la grossesse peut entraîner des conséquences néfastes sur le développement de l’enfant et mener aux troubles du spectre de l’alcoolisation fœtale (TSAF). Cependant on en connaît peu sur son effet durant la période de préimplantation. Cette période est reconnue comme étant sensible à l’environnement, majoritairement dû au fait qu’elle est caractérisée par la reprogrammation dynamique des profils de méthylation de l’ADN. L’alcool est reconnu pour altérer les mécanismes impliqués dans les processus de méthylation de l’ADN (e.g., cycle du folate, actions des DNMTs). Récemment, nous avons démontré qu’une exposition prénatale à l’alcool éthylique durant la préimplantation altère les futurs profils de méthylation de l’ADN du cerveau et augmente le nombre de défauts morphologiques à la mi-gestation. Il n’y a présentement aucun traitement pour les TSAF, mais certaines études suggèrent qu’une diète enrichie en donneurs de groupement méthyles (e.g., folate, choline), nécessaires aux réactions de méthylation, pourrait atténuer les effets d’une exposition prénatale à l’alcool. C’est pourquoi nous avons voulu déterminer si une diète enrichie en donneurs de groupements méthyles pouvait apporter une protection aux embryons ayant subi une exposition prénatale à l’alcool durant la préimplantation. Pour ce faire, une diète standard ou enrichie a été donné à des souris 4 semaines avant la gestation et pendant celle-ci. Les femelles gestantes ont reçu une dose d’alcool au jour E2.5, puis nous avons récolté les embryons à E10.5 et E18.5 pour évaluer les anomalies physiques et faire l’analyse de la méthylation des cerveaux antérieurs. Nos résultats démontrent que la diète enrichie prévient ou élimine un certain nombre de défauts morphologiques à E10.5 et E18.5. Nous avons aussi observé que la diète enrichie n’affectait pas la mise en place et le maintien de la méthylation et l’expression des gènes à empreintes durant le développement. La diète enrichie en donneurs de groupements méthyles aide donc à prévenir certains effets nuisibles de l’exposition prénatale à l’alcool survenant durant la préimplantation. / Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can have a significant impact on the development of the child and lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Nonetheless, little is known about its effect during the pre-implantation period. However, we know that this period is very sensitive to the environment, mainly because of major reprogramming of DNA methylation patterns. Moreover, alcohol can alter the mechanisms involved in DNA methylation processes (e.g., folate cycle, actions of DNMTs). Recently, we have shown that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) during preimplantation alters future DNA methylation patterns of the young embryo brain and increases the number of morphological defects. There is currently no treatment for FASD, but studies suggest that a diet enriched in methyl donors (e.g., folate, choline), which are necessary for methylation reactions, may mitigate the effects of PAE. Therefore, we wanted to determine if a diet enriched in methyl group donors could provide protection to embryos against a PAE during preimplantation. To do so, a standard or enriched diet was given to mice 4 weeks before and during gestation. Pregnant females were exposed to alcohol at day E2.5, then we harvested embryos (E10.5, E18.5) to assess physical abnormalities and analyse forebrain methylation. Our results demonstrate that the enriched diet reduces or eliminate defects at E10.5 and E18.5. We also observed that the fortified diet did not affect the establishment and maintenance of methylation and expression of imprinted genes during development. Thus, our results show that a methyl enriched diet can prevent some of the adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure occurring during preimplantation. Épigénétique Méthylation de l’ADN Exposition prénatale à l’alcool Développement embryonnaire Environnement maternel Troubles neurodéveloppementaux Donneurs de groupements méthyles Diète enrichie Folate Epigenetic DNA methylation Prenatal alcohol exposure Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Embryonic development Maternal environment Neurodevelopmental disorders Methyl donors Enriched diet
216	GRAVIDA KVINNORS INTAG AV KOSTTILLSKOTT : En kvantitativ studie med fokus på järn och probiotika / PREGNANT WOMEN´S INTAKE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENT : A quantitative study focusing on iron and probiotics Lange Bålman, Miriam January 2019 (has links) Sammanfattning Bakgrund Vitamin- och mineralbrister hos gravida kvinnor kan leda till missfall och allvarliga störningar i barnets utveckling. Moderns tarmflora överförs med stor sannolikhet till barnet under förlossningen och kan därför innebära ett viktigt steg i utvecklingen av barnets tarmflora. En tänkbar lösning för att säkra ett adekvat intag kan vara konsumtion av kosttillskott och probiotika. I dagsläget finns osäkra uppgifter om hur många gravida kvinnor som intar tillskott. Syfte Att undersöka hur många gravida kvinnor i Västerbottens län som valde att inta kosttillskott, främst järn och probiotika, samt om det fanns en skillnad mellan olika faktorer och intag. Metod En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie där gravida kvinnor (n=1473) från Northpop-studien i Västerbottens län svarade på ett frågeformulär gällande intag av kosttillskott och faktorer som ålder, utbildning, kostregim etc. De statistiska tester som användes var Chi-2-test, oberoende t-test och Mann Whitney U-test. Materialet analyserades i SPSS. Signifikansnivån sattes till p<0,05. Resultat Majoriteten av deltagarna svarade att de intog kosttillskott. Faktorer som ökade intaget av kosttillskott hos gravida kvinnor var högre ålder (p=0,030) jämfört med lägre ålder, högre utbildningsnivå (p=0,006) jämfört med lägre utbildningsnivå och vegetarisk/vegansk kost (p=0,021) jämfört med blandkost. Femtiofem procent uppgav att de intog järntillskott. De faktorer som ökade intaget av järntillskott hos gravida kvinnor var vegetarisk/vegansk kost (p=0,001) jämfört med blandkost. Probiotika intogs av 2 procent. Ett högre intag av probiotika sågs hos personer boende i stadsområde (p=0,024) jämfört med övriga boenderegioner samt de som åt vegetarisk/vegansk kost (p=0,001) jämfört med blandkost. Slutsats Majoriteten av deltagarna intog någon typ av kosttillskott, hälften intog järntillskott och en liten andel intog probiotika. Lågutbildade, yngre, de som äter blandkost och bor utanför stadsområde verkar vara i riskgruppen för att inte inta kosttillskott. / Abstract Background Vitamin and mineral deficiencies in pregnant women can lead to miscarriage and serious disturbances in children’s development. The intestinal flora of the mother is most likely transmitted to the child during childbirth and may lay the foundation for the child's health. One possible solution to ensure an adequate intake may be the consumption of dietary supplements and probiotics. At present, there is insufficient data on supplement consumption among pregnant women. Objective The purpose of the study was to examine how many pregnant women in Västerbotten County chose to consume dietary supplements, mainly iron and probiotics, and whether there was a difference between different factors and intake. Method A quantitative cross-sectional study where pregnant women (n=1473) from the Northpop-study in Västerbotten County responded to a questionnaire regarding consumption of dietary supplements and factors such as age, education, diet etc. The material was analyzed in SPSS with Chi-2-test, independent T-Test and Mann-Whitney U-Test. Using significance level <0.05. Results The majority of participants, 90 percent, responded that they consumed dietary supplements. The factors that increased the intake of dietary supplements in pregnant women were higher age (p=0.030), higher education (p=0.006) and vegetarian/vegan diet (p=0.021). Iron was reported to be consumed by 804 people, 55 percent. The factors that increased the intake of iron supplement in pregnant women were vegetarian/vegan diet (p=0.001). Probiotics were consumed by 25 people, 2 percent. Living in urban areas (p=0.024) and eating vegetarian/vegan diet (p=0.002) increased consumption of probiotics. Conclusion The majority of participants chose to consume some type of dietary supplement, half of the participants consumed iron supplements and a small part consumed probiotics. It appears that pregnant women who are low educated, younger, eating an omnivorous diet and living outside urban areas are in the risk zone for not consuming dietary supplements. / Northpop Pregnant pregnant women woman pregnancy children fetus dietary supplements supplements iron iron supplements probiotics probiotic supplements intestinal flora bacteria gut vitamin vitamins minerals minerals B12 folate diet education low educated highly educated region age intake diet regime northpop Västerbotten Västerbotten County Council Umeå University Umeå Sweden Miriam Lange Bålman Miriam Lange Balman science economist vegetarian vegan mixed diet omnivore urban area country side quantitative nutrition diet dietician dietetics quantitative nutrition diet Chi-2 test independent t-test Mann Whitney U-test Multivitamins (mixture of vitamins) Multi-minerals (blend of minerals) Probiotics Omega-3 fish oil Blutsaft A- vitamin B vitamin vitamin C vitamin D vitamin E folic acid iron calcium beta-carotene vitamin B complex selenium antioxidants zinc magnesium q10 exercise physical activity lifestyle bachelor essay Gravid gravida kvinnor kvinna graviditet foster barn kosttillskott tillskott järn järntillskott probiotika probiotikatillskott tarmflora bakterier tarm vitamin vitaminer mineral mineraler B12 folat kost utbildning lågutbildad högutbildad boenderegion stad landsbygd ålder intag kostregim northpop Västerbotten Västerbottens läns landsting Umeå universitet Umeå Sverige Miriam Lange Bålman Miriam Lange Bålman kostvetenskap kostekonom vegetarisk vegetariskt vegan veganskt blandkost stadsområde kvantitativ näring samhällsrelevans dietist dietetik Chi-2-test oberoende t-test Mann Whitney U-test Multivitaminer (blandning av vitaminer) Multimineraler (blandning av mineraler) Probiotika Omega-3 fiskolja Blutsaft A-vitamin B-vitamin C-vitamin D-vitamin E-vitamin Folsyra Järn Kalcium Betakaroten Vitamin B-komplex Selen Antioxidanter Zink Magnesium Q10 träning fysisk aktivitet livsstil uppsats kandidatexamen Nutrition and Dietetics Näringslära

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