Intresset av att studera den institutionaliserade diskrimineringen, det symboliska våldet och de mekanismer som skapar inne- och utestängningsmekanismer på grundskolan härstammar från erfarenheter under mina år som student och lärare i Sverige. Forskning inom ämnet visar på att skolan är en sorteringsarena där symboliskt våld upptar en stor plats. Skolan som den är idag är långtifrån att vara en arena ”för alla” utan vissa personer lider av exkluderande praktiker medan andra njuter av inkluderande praktiker. Jag har använt mig av self-reportmetoden för att undersöka förekomsten av det symboliska våldet ur ett elevperspektiv, samt för att undersöka vad skolchefer gör för att hantera problemet och på så sätt återge alla samma möjligheter i ett medvetande av ”en skola för alla”. Studiens aktionsradie är grundskolan. Elevernas berättelser pekar på brister i lärarnas yrkesetik och visar att det symboliska våldet tar sig uttryck i förhållningssättet hos vissa lärare. Eleverna berättar om olika former av diskriminering såsom i betygssättning, bemötande i klassen i samband med sent ankomst och användandet av mobiltelefoner. Eleverna vittnar om bestraffning av olika typer. Detta sker vid bråk mellan dem och elever av annat etniskt ursprung eller vid betygssättning. Eleverna gör en tydlig koppling mellan bemötandet de möter hos lärarna och deras kultur och/eller etniska bakgrunder. Främlingsfientlighet och fördomar menar eleverna är stark hos några lärare. Dessa elever känner sig maktlösa och stigmatiserade. Utanförskapet hanteras genom att söka stöd hos de kamrater de har i skolan. Det eleverna berättar matchar teorierna om skolan som en arena för symboliskt våld, och i detta fall gentemot elever med annan bakgrund än den svenska. Skolcheferna medverkar i studien med hjälp av samma undersökningsmetod som för eleverna. De berättar hur de hanterar situationen samt redogör för sina erfarenheter som syftar till en dekonstruktion av den institutionella diskrimineringen. Skolcheferna satsar på värdegrundsarbete, utbildning av både personal och elever, integrering av modersmålundervisning i reguljära undervisningar och arbete med likabehandlingsplaner bland annat. Skolcheferna gör det de kan inom ramen för vad staten har bestämt men för att hantera problemet krävs lite mera: en Lex Sarah eller en inblandning av fackföreningen är några punkter jag föreslår. Denna studie kan uppfattas som en ögonöppnare för lärarstudenter, lärare och skolpersonal på alla nivåer, skolchefer, rektorer och statstjänstemän som arbetar med diverse skolfrågor. För lärarutbildare som beslutar om innehållet i en lärarutbildning, är studien också något att reflektera över. / My interest to study institutionalized discrimination, symbolic violence and themechanisms that create pull-in and push-out mechanisms in primary schools arose fromlived experiences both as a student and as a teacher in Sweden. Research on this subjectshows that school is a sieve, a place where symbolic violence is alive. School as it istoday is far from being an arena “for equal opportunities” since some pupils suffer theeffects of push-out mechanisms while others enjoy those of pull-in mechanisms. I haveused self-report as an investigative method to probe into the occurrence of symbolicviolence as experienced by pupils. School directors efforts to curb such practices andfoster equal opportunities within the context of “equal opportunities for everyone” havebeen looked into. Pupils’ experiences as narrated in this study by the pupils themselves,is indicative of weaknesses in portraying the code of ethics teachers are expected toadhere to. This symbolic violence is shown in the way these kids are treated in schoolby some teachers. These pupils tell about different forms of discrimination such as inawarding scores, teachers reaction with respect to late coming and the use of mobilephones in class. They relate stories of varying forms of punishment. Punishment isunleashed in case there is a squabble between them and ethnic Swedes or when scoresare to be awarded. These kids make a clear connection between the way they are treatedand their cultural background as well as their ethnic origins. Xenophobia and prejudiceare believed to be part of the reasons for such treatment in school. These kids feelpowerless and stigmatized. Alienation is struggled with by seeking solace amongst thefriends they have in school. What they recount to me creates a synchrony with thetheories of school as an arena for symbolic violence afore mentioned, and in this case,pupils of non-Swedish heritage. School directors have also been interviewed using thesame self-report method as for the pupils. They give an account of their experiences inconnection to deconstructing institutionalized discrimination. Such efforts by theseschool directors are geared towards working with fundamental values, educating bothpupils and teachers in interaction techniques, incorporating mother tongue teaching intoregular classroom teaching as well as working with equal treatment directive amongstother things. A Lex Sarah option or an involvement of the workers union has beenadvanced as possible solutions. This study can be seen as an eye-opener for students ofpedagogy, teachers and school employees at all levels, school directors, principals andgovernment officials dealing with school issues of all sorts. For those who plan coursesin teacher education, much can be learnt from this thesis.

Competition for seats in Canadian medical schools has driven many Canadians to seek medical education abroad. Systematic barriers make it necessary for internationally educated physicians (IEPs) hoping to practice in Canada to complete postgraduate residencies. To do so, they must transition into new medical education systems. The transitional experiences of internationally educated physicians are not well understood. This phenomenological qualitative study reveals the perspectives of twenty recent graduates from the University of Manitoba Family Medicine residency program. Canadians Studying Abroad constituted the majority of participants. Participant interviews revealed the presence of clinical practice gaps, created by curricular differences in the timing of graduated clinical responsibility between the Canadian and international medical education systems. Participants also shared their experiences of being singled out (visibility and invisibility), rejected and mistreated. They perceived that IEP residents were assigned low status in resident hierarchies. Their experiences are conceptualized as stigmatization.

Abstrakt Studien ifrågasätter huruvida diskrimineringslagens är tillräcklig eller inte. Internationella granskningsrapporter om diskrimineringssituationen i Sverige har undersökts så väl som rättsfall och forskning i Sverige. I analysen lyfts de argument fram som de internationella granskningsorganen belyst i sina rapporter. Dessa argument behandlas tillsammans med den socialkonstruktivistiska och den intersektionella teorin. Undersökningen har visat att de internationella granskningskommittéerna ser viss betydande diskriminering i samhället. Det är bland annat genom medias rapportering, genom stereotypifiering av grupper så som etniska eller religiösa minoriteter, funktionsnedsattaeller som på annat sätt utmanar den heterosexuella normen i samhället. Granskningsorganen har samstämmigt lyft upp kritik mot den hatpropaganda som finns i samhället och som Sverige uppmanas reglera i lag. Andra problem som påtalas gäller segregationen och den sociala exkluderingen. Undersökningen fokuserar på att lyfta upp det intersektionella perspektivet och framhäver anläggandet av detta helhetsperspektiv. Mer uppmärksamhet borde ges den utsattes situation som problematiseras kopplat till bevisbördan. Lagen försvårar möjligheten att hävda multipel diskriminering vilket ofta förekommer då grunder samverkar till diskriminering. Slutsatsen dras om behovet av utredning för att införa utökande av grunder eller en öppen lista samt ett generellt diskrimineringsförbud. Detta framförallt för att Sveriges lagstiftning ska vara överensstämmande med de internationella konventioner som Sverige förbundit sig till. Det visas också på behov av vidare forskning gällande domstolarnas hantering av diskrimineringsfall kopplat till deras kompetens samt möjligheten till ett mer intersektionellt perspektiv på rätten. / Abstract The study question aim at investigate whether the Swedish discrimination law is sufficient or not. International monitoring reports on Sweden was examined, as well as Swedish legal cases and academic literature. The analysis focused the attention to the arguments that was highlighted in the monitoring reports. These arguments were analyzed together with the Social Constructivist Theory and the Intersectional Theory and compared with the results from the study of the legal cases of discrimination. This was done to bring on a broader perspective on the issue. The study has shown some significant discrimination in the society for example in the way that media reports and perform stereotypes of some groups. The monitoring reports of the UN, the Council of Europe and the EU has brought critic on the matter of hate speech and recommend Sweden to forbid this. Other problems being highlighted is segregation and social exclusion. The study aims at focus on the Intersectional Theory and the study concludes that more attention should be raised towards the person in an exposed situation and this also in relation to the burden of proof. The laws obstruct the ability to argue multiple discrimination which is commonly interacting in the creation of discrimination. There is a need for investigation of the establishment on further grounds of discrimination to be able to conform to international conventions and articulate rules to support people that are discriminated in the society today. The study also call for some further research on how the court manage the discrimination cases applying the burden of proof, the sufficiency of competence on discrimination and the ability to measure multiple discrimination.

Text in Afrikaans / The aim of this study was to determine the effect of labeling on a person's being from an educational-psychological perspective. The focus was therefore placed mainly on the following: § Labeling as a phenomenon, with specific reference to what labeling is and its effect on a person's being. § The use of the Edu-Psychological Relation Theory as a theoretical basis for determining the effect of labeling on a person's being. § The compilation of a diagnostic questionnaire within the framework of the Edu-Psychological Relation Theory that was used in the empirical study. It was found that the consequences of labeling are generally permanent and irreversible, and that they result in isolation of the individual. A diagnostic questionnaire was operationalised in terms of the Edu-Psychological Relation Theory, and was used to determine the effect of labeling. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Guidance)

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-19T12:52:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AMANDA SONÁLY CAMELO ARAÚJO ALMEIDA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGCS) 2017.pdf: 2053142 bytes, checksum: 786b2df1f5b85b666ccc91d21f489df8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T12:52:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AMANDA SONÁLY CAMELO ARAÚJO ALMEIDA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGCS) 2017.pdf: 2053142 bytes, checksum: 786b2df1f5b85b666ccc91d21f489df8 (MD5) / O objetivo desta dissertação é estudar narrativas de estudantes envolvidos na modalidade de ensino a distância (EAD) no Estado da Paraíba, focalizando suas experiências de inclusão/exclusão escolar e social. Nossa perspectiva teórica se inspira: (1) no pensamento de Bourdieu e Champagne acerca da exclusão operacionalizada no campo escolar em seus diversos níveis, mais especificamente no ensino universitário; (2) nas definições de Goffman sobre processo de estigmatização, destacando sua categoria de excluídos potenciais; (3) e na dicotomia estabelecidos e outsiders de Elias e Scotson para pensar os processos e efeitos da estigmatização por eles também focalizados. Analisamos os mecanismos de diferenciação, empoderamento, hierarquização, exclusão e estigma e seus efeitos nas trajetórias de estudantes da referida modalidade. A metodologia da pesquisa incluiu a análise dos documentos em que se encontra formalizado o modelos de EAD da UFPB e a elicitação de narrativas das experiências de uma amostra intencional de estudantes, selecionada a partir da acessibilidade e disposição para participar do processo de coleta de dados. Dentre as conclusões do trabalho, destacamos as seguintes: (1) das trajetórias narradas nas histórias de vida demonstram o peso da origem social nas escolhas dos cursos superiores; (2) a hierarquização dos cursos e modalidade permanece forte e gera processos de estigmatização; e (3) o ingresso dos estudantes de classes populares às universidades não eliminam às desigualdades socioeducacionais. / The objective of this research is to study narratives of students involved in distance learning (EAD) in the state of Paraiba, Brazil, focusing on their experiences of school inclusion and social exclusion. Our theoretical perspective is inspired by: (1) Bourdieu and Champagne's thinking about the operationalized exclusion in the school field at its various levels, more specifically in university education; (2) Goffman's definitions of the process of stigmatization, highlighting its category of potential excluded; (3) and in the established dichotomy and outsiders of Elias and Scotson to think about the processes and effects of stigmatization they also focus on. We will analyze the mechanisms of differentiation, empowerment, hierarchy, exclusion and stigma and their effects on the trajectories of students of this modality. The research methodology included the analysis of the documents in which the EADS models of the UFPB are formalized and the elicitation of narratives of the experiences of an intencional sample of UFPB/EAD‟ students, selected from the accessibility and willingness to participate in the data collection process. Among the main conclusions of this work we point out the following ones: (1) the trajectories narrated in life histories demonstrate the weight of social origin in the choices of higher courses; (2) the hierarchy of courses and modality remains strong and generates stigmatization processes; and (3) the entry of students from popular classes to universities does not eliminate socio-educational inequalities.

Media are considered to be the public's primary source of information regarding mental illness. Evidence suggests that media representations of people with psychiatric disorders are frequently negative and contribute to their stigmatization. On the other hand, media can play an important role in reducing this stigmatisation by providing adequate information about this topic and engaging in antistigma campaigns. Up to now there was no standardised measurement of the stigma of mental illness in print media using clearly operationalized definitions. The objectives of this project were twofold; to develop a standardised and objective instrument to measure stigma of mental illness in print media; and to conduct an analysis of the current coverage on mental health/illness issues in Czech, Croatian, and Slovak print media. The development of the Picture of Mental Illness in Newspapers (PICMIN) instrument was based on the principles of content analysis, a research technique for making replicable and valid inferences from text to the kontext in their use. The instrument consists of eleven descriptive and five analytical categories. The most interesting findings based on the analysis of media representations of mental illness were; a similarly high level of stigmatizing articles across countries, clearly...

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-09-30T18:58:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Adrienny Pereira Tinoco - 2016.pdf: 1989219 bytes, checksum: 7fc770ae3a1c2c48d1d232bbc5fd1654 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-09-30T19:00:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Adrienny Pereira Tinoco - 2016.pdf: 1989219 bytes, checksum: 7fc770ae3a1c2c48d1d232bbc5fd1654 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-30T19:00:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Adrienny Pereira Tinoco - 2016.pdf: 1989219 bytes, checksum: 7fc770ae3a1c2c48d1d232bbc5fd1654 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Urban violence is a constant concern, especially in large cities, leading to feelings of insecurity and fear of crime. They are both feelings as perceptions that hinder social harmony. In this context, the study of social representations of violence is of paramount importance to understand how the phenomenon of crime and its consequences, are expressed as feelings of insecurity that shape social relations, because they create forms of social representations that individuals make as reference to position themselves in the different aspects of social reality. This paper discusses these issues and intends to apprehend the social representations about the violence in two different social classes in the city of Goiania. Seeks to understand how everyday discourse influence the behavior of residents of Goiânia, constructing phenomenologically urban violence and increasing the feeling of insecurity. Also aims to understand the attitudes and values associated with urban violence, and understand how the social integration influences the social representations of violence and thus the stigma of poverty and the construction of segregated areas. / A violência urbana é uma constante preocupação, principalmente nas grandes cidades, acarretando sentimento de insegurança e medo da criminalidade. São tanto sentimentos, como percepções que atrapalham a convivência social. Neste contexto, o estudo das representações sociais da violência é de suma importância para se entender como o fenômeno da criminalidade e suas consequências, se expressam como sentimentos de insegurança que moldam as relações sociais, pois as representações criam formas de sociabilidade que os indivíduos tomam como referência para se posicionar frente aos diferentes aspectos da realidade social. O presente estudo problematiza essas questões e se propõe a apreender as representações sociais construídas acerca da violência urbana em duas classes sociais distintas, na cidade de Goiânia. Visa compreender como as falas cotidianas influenciam o comportamento dos habitantes de Goiânia, construindo fenomenologicamente a violência urbana e aumentando o sentimento de insegurança. Visa ainda perceber as condutas e valores associados à violência urbana, bem como entender de que forma a inserção social influencia nas representações sociais da violência e dessa forma, na estigmatização da pobreza e na construção de territórios segregados.

Dans un contexte de mondialisation et d’urbanisation, la rapide industrialisation des pays dits émergents se traduit par de profondes transformations dans les modes de vie et de consommation. S’engage alors un processus de transition nutritionnelle particulièrement intense : les carences nutritionnelles et les maladies infectieuses reculent, bien qu’elles persistent, tandis que l’obésité et les maladies chroniques associées atteignent des niveaux endémiques. Dans les faits, le processus de transition nutritionnelle ne se déroule pas de manière homogène au niveau mondial et au sein même d’une société donnée. D’importants enjeux sociaux, économiques et culturels semblent effectivement en découdre. Dans l’optique d’explorer la nature de ces enjeux, la thèse se focalise sur le cas du Mexique, un pays émergent ayant pleinement engagé son processus de transformation nutritionnelle depuis les années 1980. Dans un premier temps, l’analyse des déterminants socioéconomiques de la corpulence montre que l’excès de poids affecte particulièrement une classe moyenne basse éclosant de la pauvreté. Le manque d’éducation et l’obtention d’un revenu additionnel apparaissent comme des facteurs de risques pour les pauvres. Dans un deuxième temps, l’évaluation des effets de la corpulence sur l’échec scolaire et professionnel met en évidence les moyens par lesquels l’obésité et l’accumulation de graisse abdominale réduisent les capacités d’ascension socioéconomique d’un individu. Enfin, l’étude du programme de transferts de fonds conditionnels mexicain suggère que les programmes sociaux constituent l’une des meilleures solutions pour rompre le cercle vicieux mêlant pauvreté et obésité. Puisque la composante conditionnelle du programme contrebalance les externalités négatives liées à un revenu additionnel, ce type d’intervention améliore significativement les connaissances sanitaires et nutritionnelles des bénéficiaires adultes, et à terme les comportements associés. En conclusion, la thèse met en relief la nécessité pour les pouvoirs publics de prendre simultanément en compte les aspects sociaux, économiques et culturels de l’obésité. / In the context of globalization and urbanization, the rapid industrialization of emerging countries drives on deep transformations in lifestyles and consumption habits. Hence, an intense process of nutrition transition occurs: nutritional deficiencies and infectious diseases decline, but persist, while obesity and comorbidities reach endemic levels. Facts point that nutrition transition process is not homogenous at the worldwide level and within a given society. Such heterogeneity can be explained by the presence of social, economic and cultural factors. In order to explore the relationship between these factors and obesity, the study focuses on Mexico, an emerging country which has fully begun its nutrition transition process since the 1980s’. First, I analyze the socioeconomic determinants of body-mass and show that weight gain particularly affects a lower middle class on the verge of poverty. Both the lack of education and earning an extra income appear to be risk factors for lower social categories. Furthermore, I study the effects of body-mass on educational and occupational failures. The findings uncover mechanisms by which both obesity and central adiposity reduce one’s capacity to climb the socioeconomic ladder. Finally, I assess the impact of the Mexican conditional cash transfers’ program on adult body-mass. The results suggest that social programs constitute an adequate intervention to break the vicious cycle of poverty and obesity. Since the conditionalities counterbalance negative externalities from an extra income, such programs significantly improve health and nutritional knowledge and behaviors of participants. To conclude, the thesis dissertation emphasizes the necessity for policy makers to simultaneously take into account social, economic, and cultural aspects of obesity.

Bakgrund: Personer som brukar droger är en särskilt utsatt patientgrupp inom hälso- och sjukvården, bland annat på grund av stigmatisering och dåligt bemötande. Ett dåligt bemötande kan ge negativa konsekvenser för patientens behandling. Syfte: Att utforska faktorer som påverkar hur patienter med substansbrukssyndrom upplever bemötandet av hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. Metod: Litteraturstudie med kvalitativa originalartiklar. Vid litteratursökning användes PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, ScienceDirect och CINAHL. Resultat: Ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt ger patienter en god upplevelse av bemötande, stigmatisering samt en brist på formell kompetens hos hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal ger en sämre upplevelse av bemötande. Slutsats: De faktorer som påverkar upplevelsen av bemötande är hur väl ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt utövades, om det förekommer stigmatiserande attityder och beteenden, samt sjuksköterskors formella kompetens inom substansbrukssyndrom. Personer med substansbrukssyndrom kan uppleva att hälso- och sjukvårdspersonals bemötande påverkar deras benägenhet att söka vård. Förbättring och utökning av utbildning inom substansbrukssyndrom och bemötande bör prioriteras inom hälso- och sjukvårdsutbildningar. / Introduction: People who use drugs are particularly vulnerable patients within health care, due to stigmatization and poor attitudes from healthcare professionals. Poor treatment can cause negative consequences for the patient’s overall health. Aim: To explore factors affecting how patients with substance use disorder experience treatment from healthcare professionals. Method: Literature review of qualitative studies. Data is collected from databases PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, ScienceDirect and CINAHL. Result: A person centered approach has a positive effect on the experience of treatment. Stigmatization and lack of formal competence are factors contributing to a negative experience of treatment from healthcare professionals. Conclusion: The factors contributing to the experience of treatment from healthcare professionals are if person centered care is applied, if stigmatizing behaviors and attitudes are present, and the formal nursing education levels related to substance use disorders. Individuals with substance use disorders may experience that treatment received by healthcare professionals affect their decision to seek care. Improvement and extension of nurse’s education related to substance use disorder and treatment within health care should be a priority.

I denna uppsats har vi ämnat att öka förståelsen för hur människor påverkar segregationen genom sina egna preferenser. Vi har undersökt hur halmstadsbor resonerar kring segregationen i Halmstad och kring sina egna och andra bostadsområden i staden. Eftersom social blandning är ett ledande begrepp inom svensk stadsplanering har vi även haft som syfte att förstå hur halmstadsbor ser på detta i ett bostadsområde och om det är önskvärt eller inte. För att ta reda på det har vi genom en kombination av enkäter och intervjuer med halmstadinvånare samlat in empiri. Bearbetningen av empirin har utgått från en hermeneutisk metodologi och analysen har genomförts med hjälp av följande sociologiska teorier: Jenkins identitetsteori, Mays teori om tillhörighet, Goffmans stigmatiseringsteori, Wilkinson och Picketts definition av det sociala värderingshotet samt Lidskogs teori om det offentliga rummet och det mångkulturella samhället.Resultaten visar att segregationen i Halmstad till stor del är sammankopplad med strukturella faktorer såsom ekonomi och arbets- och bostadsmarknaden. Samtidigt är det också tydligt att sociala frågor som rör bland annat trygghet och social identitet är avgörande för en individs val av bostadsområde. Även bostadsområdenas rykten och vilken grad av tillhörighet individen har till området är faktorer som väger tungt. Resultatet visar även att en självvald segregation finns i staden, där människor aktivt väljer bostadsområden med likasinnade invånare. Den självvalda segregationen grundar sig i hur olika grupper på olika sätt skapar identiteter och känslor av platstillhörighet och trygghet. Trots att våra intervjupersoner och respondenter såg social blandning som något önskvärt uppmärksammades problem med att implementera det i praktiken av såväl ekonomiska som sociala anledningar. Det handlade bland annat om höga bostadspriser och konflikter mellan och rädsla hos olika sociokulturella grupper. / There is a big gap in knowledge when it comes to how segregation is influenced by people’s own preferences, which is what we aim to shed light on in this study. Since social mix is a leading concept amongst policy makers in Sweden we also wanted to study whether residents of Halmstad want to live in socially diverse neighbourhoods or not.This study investigates how residents of Halmstad reason about the city’s segregation and the city planners’ use of social and housing mix to combat the residential segregation. Through 106 surveys we determined the main themes of segregation and social mix, which we then where able to explore by using 6 interviews with locals. Our empirical findings were analysed with the help of the following sociological theories: Jenkin's identity theory, May’s theory of belonging, Goffman's stigma theory, Wilkinson and Pickett's definition of the social evaluative threats and Lidskog's theory of public space and the multicultural society.Our findings show that the segregation in Halmstad is largely linked to structural factors such as the economy and the labor and housing market. It is however clear that social and cultural issues related to the feeling of safety, rumors, social identity and different senses of belonging are crucial for the choice of one's residential area. Furthermore, it also shows that a self-chosen segregation exists in the city, where people actively choose residential areas where like-minded residents live. The self-chosen segregation is based on how different groups create their identities and a sense of belonging and safety in different ways. Although our interviewees and respondents saw opportunities in social mix they also problematised the implementation of social mix in a neighbourhood. They argued that economical aspects, such as the housing prices, and social aspects, such as conflicts and fear among different socio-cultural groups, hindered the process of creating social mix.