Den här avhandlingen handlar om transfer i relation till tekniklärande och teknisk yrkesutbildning. Transfer är centralt för all utbildning och att kunna använda och bygga vidare på tidigare kunskaper och erfarenheter i nya situationer är nödvändigt i ett föränderligt samhälle med en snabb teknisk utveckling. Syftet med avhandlingen är att studera transfer ur ett erfarenhetsperspektiv. Avhandlingen grundar sig i ett livsvärldsfenomenologiskt perspektiv. Elevers, lärares och handledares erfarenheter av undervisning och lärande är en central utgångspunkt. I tre av avhandlingens delstudier fokuseras berättelser om teknisk gymnasial yrkesutbildning som lärlingsutbildning och i den fjärde delstudien fokuseras hur uppgifter av teoretisk och praktisk karaktär erfars och hanteras i teknikundervisningen i grundskolan.  Resultaten visar på behovet av lärande i olika arenor och behovet av ett holistiskt lärande där teori och praktik hanteras integrerat. Eleverna behöver erbjudas en variation av erfarenheter från olika arenor och flera arbetsplatser, där lärare och handledare skapar förutsättningar för reflektion i relation till den praktiska erfarenheten. Något som också starkt betonas är ett fungerande samarbete mellan skola och arbetsplatser i yrkesutbildning. / This thesis concerns transfer in relation to teaching and learning with technical content and technical vocational education. Transfer of learning is fundamental, since no one can predict the future, and education cannot possibly cover all content that pupils will need in the future. What you learn in different contexts needs to be useful in new unknown contexts, where technology may have developed or the problems to solve might be different.   The aim of this thesis is to study experiences of transfer in order to deepen the understanding of transfer and factors for transfer. A further aim is to contribute with knowledge about how theory and practice are handled and experienced in relation to learning with technical content and to learning in different arenas. The theoretical framework is the phenomenology of the life-word and the lived and experienced world is put in focus. Therefore, pupils, teachers and supervisors in technical vocational education in Swedish upper secondary school have been interviewed about their experiences of teaching and learning, and their narratives have been analysed. One of the studies in the thesis also concerns how theoretical and practical tasks are handled and experienced in technology education in Swedish compulsory school.  The results show that different experiences from different learning arenas are important for the students’ learning during the education, but also that the teachers and the supervisors have an important role in connecting those experiences and creating possibilities for students to reflect on the experiences. According to the results in this thesis, teacher education could emphasise 1) the importance of helping students reflect upon and make connections between experiences made in different arenas and 2) the importance of interweaving theory and practice in education. Learning can thereby go beyond the learning situation and also be useful in future unknown situations, with new technical developments. / <p></p><p><strong></strong> </p>

Bakgrund: Bröstcancer hos män är en ovanlig, ouppmärksammad sjukdom. Mindre än en procent av alla som får bröstcancer är män. Detta gör att männen som drabbas av denna sjukdom inte bara går igenom de motgångar som en cancersjukdom innebär utan även vad det kan innebära att drabbas av en sjukdom som vanligen drabbar kvinnor. Syfte: Att beskriva mäns upplevelse av att leva med bröstcancer. Metod: En litteraturöversikt då nio stycken vetenskapliga originalstudier granskades. Dessa hade kvalitativ, kvantitativ eller mixad metod och hämtades från Cinahl och referenslistor från andra vetenskapliga artiklar. Studierna analyserades genom en indelning av data i olika huvudteman och underteman. Resultat: I resultatet framkom det tre huvudteman i den manliga bröstcancerupplevelsen. Dessa var: mötet med vården, livet under behandlingen och livet efter diagnosen. Ett antal underteman framkom även för att enklare strukturera resultatet. I mötet med vårdpersonal upplevde männen att det förekom svårigheter vid både givande av diagnos och utformning av stöd. Informationen som gavs ansågs som otillräcklig och opassande. Sjukdomen fick många män att reflektera över synen på sin maskulinitet. I livet efter diagnosen framkom de psykiska påverkningarna för männen vilka kunde innebära stress och ångest. Vissa män såg dock erfarenheten av sjukdomen som någonting positivt då det innebar omarbetade värderingar och en ny syn på livet. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuteras med utgångspunkt i ett livsvärldsperspektiv med den levda kroppen som ett centralt begrepp. Det diskuteras och jämförs skillnader och likheter i artiklarna och även hur författarna förstår och tolkar sitt resultat. / Background: Male breast cancer is a rare and unnoticed disease. Less than one per cent of all breast cancer cases are male. This contributes to the male breast cancer patient not only encountering adversities related to a cancer diagnosis but also all that it entails to have a disease that normally affects women. Aim: To describe the male breast cancer experience. Method: This was a literary review where nine original studies all relating to the aim of the review were analysed. These were retrieved from Cinahl and from reference lists from other scientific articles. The articles had either a qualitative, quantitative or mixed method approach. The studies were analysed through a division of the data into different themes. Results: The results derived three major themes in the male breast cancer experience. These were: meeting with healthcare professionals, life during the treatment and life after the diagnosis. There were also a number of subthemes that where composed to give structure to the findings. When dealing with healthcare professionals the men experienced difficulties in regards to receiving the diagnosis and in what way support was given. The information that was given was inadequate and inappropriate. For some men the disease brought with it reflections of how they viewed their own masculinity. Life after the diagnosis was for some men characterized by stress and anxiety but was for others seen as a positive experienced that brought with it changed values and a new outlook on life.  Discussion: The result is here discussed with a life-world approach with the lived body as a major concept. Differences and similarities in the articles are discussed and compared and there is also an interpretation as to how the authors comprehend their result.

This dissertation is an investigation on the realist film theory of Siegfried Kracauer. It was principally conducted through film practice as exemplified by the ten short films that compose the omnibus film project, Life-world Series (dir. Joni Gutierrez, 2017, 118 minutes). To supplement the study's examination of Kracauerian cinematic realism (KCR), film criticism of selected works of Lino Brocka was also accomplished. The methodology involved three components: (1) research-based production of Life-world Series; (2) textual analyses of the said film collection and selected Brocka films; and (3) meta-analysis of the scholarly criticism on the Brocka film. This dissertation is the first to use film-making practice which was a part of the research project and devised to investigate KCR, which avows that the cinematic experience of physical reality as an object of contemplation fosters an intuitive understanding of the Lebenswelt (life-world) and, in turn, brings about the redemptive potential of film vis-à-vis the modern condition. The emergent design of Life-world Series opened the study to a wide range of possibilities that it could not have encountered if it limited itself to applying a particular theory as a framework in doing film criticism of pre-existing works. This project - through both its film practice and criticism components - is an interweaving of key notions from Husserlian phenomenology and the seven KCR tropes identified in the study, namely: (1) the quotidian; (2) the transient; (3) the refuse; (4) the fortuitous; (5) the indeterminate; (6) the flow of life; and (7) the spiritual life itself. The phenomenological engagement of this investigation has provided opportunities for expanding the inventory of KCR tropes, to conceivably include characteristics of the Lebenswelt which form part of the project's overall findings; that is, the life-world as: (1) expansive; (2) multi-layered; (3) flowing; (4) in the process of becoming; (5) resonantly intersubjective; (6) a thing of beauty; (7) relating to essences; (8) cyclical; (9) transcendent; (10) meaning-laden; (11) fragmented; and (12) malleable. The dissertation explicates how its phenomenological approach in inspecting KCR led to the construction of a prospective model of cinematic realism - the integrated quadrant model of Kracauerian cinematic realism (IQMKCR) - and finally, determines the implications and prospects of using film practice as an instrument in interrogating KCR.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur trygghet kan utvecklas med hjälp av artistisk mental träning. Syftet bärs upp av följande forskningsfråga: Hur erfar jag att mental träning kan hjälpa mig i processen att bli tryggare i mitt musicerande? Studien utgår från ett fenomenologiskt livsvärldsperspektiv där loggbok brukas som dokumentationsmetod, kompletterat med en videoinspelning. Resultatet presenteras utifrån följande teman: Fysisk och mental avslappning, självbild, trygghet genom visualisering samt trygghet vid framträdanden. Fysisk och mental avslappning beskriver hur jag erfarade avslappning, på och utanför scenen. Under kapitlet Självbild fördjupas mitt inre arbete och saker som acceptans och affirmerande av ord visar sig betydelsefulla. Trygghet genom visualisering lyfter fram hur synen på mig själv förändras samt hur min sångteknik främjas med hjälp av visualisering. Trygghet vid framträdanden lyfter fram hur jag upplever trygghet på scenen, vilket förändrar mitt förhållningssätt till nervositet. Slutligen förs en diskussion utifrån resultatet anknytet till tidigare forskning samt övrig litteratur som presenteras i bakgrundskapitlet. Diskussionen lyfter teman som avslappning, ordens kraft, självbilden- och acceptansens betydelse, avslutat med egna reflektioner, arbetets betydelse och vidare forskningsmöjligheter. / The purpose of this study is to examine how a sense of safety can be developed using artistic mental training. The purpose is supported by the following research question: How do I experiecne that training can help me in the process of becoming more secure when I make music? The study is based on a phenomenological lifeworld perspective, where logbook writing is used as a method of documentation, supplemented with a video recording. The result is presented from the following themes: physical and mental relaxation, self-image, security through visualization and security within performing. Physical and mental relaxation describes how I percieved relaxation, on and off the stage. Under the self-image chapter, my inner work deepens and things such as acceptance and the using of words proves to be important. Security through visualization highlights the change in how I see myself and how my song technique is improved through visualization. Security within performing shows how I percieve security on the stage, which changes my approach to nervousness. Finally, a discussion follows from the result as well as other literature presented in the background chapter. The discussion raises themes such as relaxation, the power of words and the importance of self-esteem and acceptance, concluded with my own reflections, the importance of this study and further research opportunities.

Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van die ondersoek was om insig in die leefwereld van die leergestremde adolessent te bekom, ten einde probleemareas wat doeltreffende aanpassing in die leefwereld verhinder, bloot te le. In die probleemontleding het die volgende aspekte na vore getree: Daar is 'n groeiende bewuswording onder navorsers dat die sosiaalemosionele probleme wat die leergestremde adolessent ervaar, duideliker aangespreek moet word. Die noodsaaklikheid om die leergestremde adolessent vir volwassenheid voor te berei, word toenemend besef. In die literatuurstudie is die tydperk van adolessensie, leergestremdheid as fenomeen, en die leefwereld van die leergestremde adolessent onderskeidelik bespreek. Enkele gevolgtrekkinge word aangestip: Adolessensie word gekenmerk deur fisiese, kognitiewe, affektiewe, sosiale en morele ontwikkeling. Hierdie veranderinge hou implikasies in vir die adolessent se uitvoer van ontwikkelingstake, die ontplooiing van die selfkonsep en die groei na onafhanklikheid. Die fenomeen leergestremdheid openbaar 'n komplekse aard wat 'n persoon in sy totaliteit raak. Die manifestasies van leergestremdheid betrek die akademiese vordering sowel as die sosiaal-emosionele ontwikkeling van die individu. Die leergestremde adolessent se aanpassing in sy leefwereld word nadelig beinvloed deur sosiale vaardigheidstekorte, interpersoonlike verhoudingsprobleme, 'n gebrekkige selfkonsep, emosionele probleme, die gebruik van verdedigingsmeganismes en 'n verminderde strewe na onafhanklikheid. In die empiriese ondersoek is inligting oor die leergestremde adolessent se interpersoonlike verhoudinge, selfkonsep en emosionaliteit bekom. In die interpretasie van die data is veranderlikes waar die leergestremde ado l essente swakker aanpassing as die normal e populasie getoon het, eerstens geidentifiseer. Verskille wat by die leergestremde adolessente ten opsigte van geslag en ouderdomsgroep voorgekom het, is vervolgens uitgelig. Ten slotte is 'n faktorontleding uitgevoer ten einde 'n gemeenskaplikheid tussen die onderskeie veranderlikes te bepaal. Op grond van die bevindinge uit die literatuur en die empiriese studie, is riglyne vir hulpverlening geformuleer. Die navorsingsbevindinge is veral van belang vir onderwysers, ouers en ander opvoeders wat met die leergestremde adolessent gemoeid is. / The purpose of the study was to gain insight into the life-world of the learning disabled adolescent in order to reveal problems which prevent effective adjustment in the life-world. In the analysis of the problem the following aspects were prominent: It is recognised that the social-emotional problems experienced by the learning disabled adolescent should be addressed in greater depth. The need to prepare the learning disabled adolescent for adulthood is realised. In the literature study the period of adolescence, learning disabilities as a phenomenon, and the life-world of the learning disabled adolescent were discussed. The following conclusions can be mentioned: Adolescence is characterised by physical, cognitive, emotional, social and moral development. These changes have implications for the adolescent's accomplishment of developmental tasks, the development of the self-concept and the grow towards independence. Learning disabilities as a phenomenon reveals a complex nature that affects the total person. The manifestations of learning disabilities involve the academic progress and the social-emotional development of the individual. The adjustment of the learning disabled adolescent in his lifeworld is adversely affected by deficits in social skills, problematic interpersonal relationships, an inadequate self-concept, emotional problems, the use of defence mechanisms and an insufficient strive towards independence. In the empirical investigation information was obtained about the learning disabled adolescent's interpersonal relationships, self-concept and emotionality. In the interpretation of the data variables were identified where the learning disabled adolescents showed poorer adjustment than the normal population. Differences between learning disabled adolescents with regard to age and sex were highlighted next. Finally, a factor analysis was carried out to determine whether a communality exists among the respective variables. On the basis of the findings of the literature and the empirical study, guidelines for the rendering of aid were formulated. The research findings are especially important to teachers, parents and other educators involved with the learning disabled adolescent. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6109.pdf: 2660246 bytes, checksum: eb416a7d49f56c3dd4e296f7410ad6ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-11 / After identifying the interference of systemic mechanisms in education, reduced, in turn, to the utilitarian condition of simple means for the achievement of extrinsic ends, the dissertation presents the communicative praxis as a proposal of reflection and demarcation of the interests existing between system and culture. For this, it is taken into account the theoretical framework of Habermas, which guided by the paradigm of intersubjectivity, seeks to reintegrate a modern rationality and linguistically decentered (post-metaphysical), situated in the reality of procedural mode and based on the aspect dialogic performative of the interactions arising from the lived world. The communicative praxis, therefore, enables the enhancement of basic elements for democratic debate aiming the understanding , and then preventing the instrumental character of the unilateral coercions present in teaching procedures and, thus, to ensure learning that aims not only the logic of success, but also the experience of interactions permeated by cognitive, normative and aesthetic practices. / Após identificar a interferência dos mecanismos sistêmicos na educação, reduzida, por sua vez, a condição utilitarista de simples meio para a concretização de fins extrinsecos, a dissertação apresenta a praxis comunicativa como proposta de reflexão e delimitação dos interesses existentes entre sistema e cultura. Para tanto, leva-se em consideração o referencial teórico de Jurgen Habermas, que, orientado pelo paradigma da intersubjetividade, busca reintegrar uma racionalidade moderna e linguisticamente descentrada (pos-metafisica), situada na realidade de modo procedimental e baseada no aspecto dialogico-performativo das interações decorrentes do mundo vivido. A praxis comunicativa possibilita, portanto, a potencialização de elementos básicos para o debate democrático, com fim ao entendimento, de modo a impedir o caráter instrumental das coações unilaterais presentes nos procedimentos pedagógicos e, deste modo, assegurar aprendizagens que objetivam não apenas a lógica do sucesso, mas também a vivencia de interações permeadas por práticas cognitivas, normativas e estéticas.

Abstrakt Bakgrund: Vårdmiljön på operations- och intensivvårdsavdelningen är avancerad och högteknologisk. Att vara patient och behöva vårdas på sjukhus innebär att komma till en främmande miljö med risk att förlora kontroll över sig själv och behöva överlämnas till andra. Förhållandet mellan patient, vårdpersonal, närstående, teknik, omgivning samt omvärld anses vara avgörande för hur patienten kommer att uppleva vårdmiljön.  Syfte: Att beskriva patienters upplevelser av vårdmiljön på operations- och intensivvårdsavdelning. Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie med induktiv och kvalitativ ansats. Analysen utfördes genom att syntetisera och summera innehållet i 17 kvalitativa primärstudier.  Resultat: Resultatet består av 3 huvudteman och 8 underteman. Tema nr 1: Att vara patient i en främmande och teknisk vårdmiljö - patienternas förändrade upplevelser av sig själva, att befinna sig mellan fantasi och verklighet, att ha och inte kontroll över sin situation samt familjens betydelse för patienternas upplevelser. Tema nr 2: Patienternas upplevelser av rädsa - att vara rädd samt rädsla mot existensen. Tema nr 3: Personalens betydelse för patienternas upplevelser - att vara väl eller icke väl omhändertagen samt att behandlas som subjekt eller objekt.  Slutsats: Patienternas upplevelser av vårdmiljön på operations- och intensivvårdsavdelningen beskrevs som både positiva och negativa, betryggande och skrämmande men var framförallt individuella. Relationen med vårdpersonalen och att som patient känna sig väl omhändertagen samt att bli bemött och behandlad med respekt, där patientens integritet och individualitet låg till grund för vårdandet, var den viktigaste aspekten i patienternas möte med vården.

This dissertation is a qualitative study exploring the sociocultural influences on adult migrants’ second language learning and the communicative interaction through which they use the language. Guided by a theoretical perspective based on the concepts of life-world, habitus, social capital, symbolic honor, game, and the idea of the interrelatedness of learning and using a second language, this study aims to understand how migrants’ everyday life context, attachments to the home country, and ethnic affiliations affect the motivation for and attitude towards learning and using Swedish as a second language. Furthermore, the study explores in what way the context within which the language is taught and learned might affect the language development of adult migrants. The research questions of the study focus on both the institutional context, that is to say, what happened in a particular classroom where the study observations took place, and a migrant perspective based on the participants’ experiences of living in Sweden, learning the language and using it. Semi-structured interviews, informal conversational interviews, and classroom observations have been used as strategies to obtain qualitative data. The findings suggest that most of the participants experience feelings of non-belonging and otherness both in the classroom context and outside the classroom when they use the language. These feelings of non-belonging make the ties to other ethnic establishments stronger and lead to isolation from the majority society. The feelings of otherness, per se, are not only related to a pedagogical context that advocates monoculturalism but are also rooted in the migrants' life-world, embedded in dreams of going back to the home country, while forging a constant relation to ethnic networks, and in the practice of not using the Swedish language as frequently in the everyday life context as would be needed for their language development. / <p>ISBN 978-91-7104-591-1 (Malmö) ISBN:978-91-7519-271-0 (Linköping)</p>

As the occurrence of obesity increases amongst young people, so increases the risk of more people suffering from heart failure as early as during middle age. The aim is to describe the life experiences of middle aged persons living with chronic heart failure. The literature study is based on twelve published, qualitative, and scientifically proved articles derived from MedLine and Cinahl using queries representing the subject, as well as from manual searching in ScienceDirect and LIBRIS. These articles have been analyzed from a life world perspective. Four main themes and four sub themes were identified from the articles' results. The main themes are "The social life", "Quality of life", "Body failing", and "the Economical impact of chronic heart failure". These represent the main areas where the patients feel the greatest loss due to their condition. The discussion reveals the importance of informing the patients of the common prevalence of the feelings described in this study. Also, the nurse should function as a coach for self-care with continuous follow-ups. The result of this study will hopefully increase the understanding of the heart diseased patients' life situations. / I takt med att förekomsten av kraftig övervikt ökar bland unga, ökar även risken för att fler personer drabbas av hjärtsvikt redan i medelåldern. Syftet är att utifrån befintlig forskning beskriva medelålders personers upplevelser av hur det är att leva med kronisk hjärtsvikt. Litteraturstudien baseras på 12 publicerade, kvalitativa och vetenskapliga artiklar efter sökning i MedLine och Cinahl med specifika sökord som representerade ämnet. Manuella sökningar utfördes i ScienceDirect och LIBRIS. Artiklarna har analyserats utifrån ett livsvärldsperspektiv. Ur artiklarnas resultat identifierades fyra teman och sex subteman. Huvudteman är ”Det sociala livet”, ”Livskvalitet”, ”Kroppen sviker” och ”Ekonomiska aspekter”. Huvudteman skildrar patienternas upplevdelser av att leva med kronisk hjärtsvikt. I diskussionen framkommer att det är viktigt för en patient med kronisk hjärtsvikt att få bekräftat att upplevda känslor är vanligt förekommande. Vidare bör sjuksköterskan fungera som en vägledare för egenvård med kontinuerliga uppföljningar. Förhoppningen är att resultatet från denna studie ska öka förståelsen för hjärtsjuka patienter inom ramen för hälso- och sjukvård.

The purpose with this study is to increase the understanding of how the youngest pre-school children communicate during play. The research method chosen is observation since it is the most suitable for this study.  The result shows that the youngest pre-school children communicate in different ways during play. For example, they might use various bodily gestures only or speak single words while using their body language. / Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen angående de yngsta förskolebarnens kommunikation med andra i leken. Jag har i denna studie valt att använda mig av observation som metod för att undersöka min forskningsfråga, denna metod har jag valt för att den passar sig väl när man vill undersöka barn i deras förskola.  Resultatet visar att de yngsta förskolebarnen kommunicerar på olika sätt i sin lek på förskolan. Detta gör de bland annat genom olika kroppsliga gester, men också genom enstaka ord i kombination med det kroppsliga.