- Jakub Machek Prague Illustrated Courier. The Prague Penny-press as a Window into the World of Common Men. This work is dedicated to early sensational pictorial press (Pražský Illustrovaný Kurýr and its less successful predecessors) and its urban readers, as an example of the rising Fin de siècle popular culture in the Czech lands and its significance for revealing fundamental social and political changes that took place at the turn of the 20th century. During this era, even the members of lower social classes broadened their economical and cultural potency and thus capacity to absorb the development of new common culture generated by the rapid industrialization and urbanization. Production and reception of emerging popular press is analysed as a marker of the new modern urban experience and its social influences. Global pattern of successful mass daily press was, however, modified for Prague audience, its specific local beliefs, values and desires, distinctively different from those of western urban centre dwellers.

Title Traitors or Victims? Contribution to the mentality of the Czech resistance fighters in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Abstract The thesis presents four resistance fighters from COM D's group in extreme situations. In these situations the thesis monitors their mentality. The term mentality refers to a way of thinking, which shows the behavior of the person concerned. Paratroopers of this group have not yet been given enough attention, work contributes to the detection of pre-war and post- war fates of paratroopers. Thesis offers, based on acquired information on the socio- demographic backgrounds, political orientation, and also on how a parachutist were handled by the Gestapo, comparing their behavior in crucial situations. Keywords III. illegal Central Committee of the Communist Party, the Gestapo, KOM D, an informer, mentality, resistance, paratrooper, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

The current approach to assessing the educational quality applicable to assessing objects and processes formed and realized in producing spheres is widely spread. However, as education is a much more complicated anthropological, social and cultural object in comparison to that of production, the above mentioned approach is least effective. In education both \"strong\" and \"weak\" models are used. There do not exist measurement instruments for accurate assessing mild results. Self control, expert assessing method and portfolio are being put forward.

No description available.

Магистерская диссертация посвящена особенностям межкультурной коммуникации России и Казахстана в процессе евразийской интеграции (на примере ЕАЭС). Цель данного исследования анализ межкультурной коммуникации России и Казахстана в евразийской интеграции (на примере ЕАЭС) и рекомендации специалистам по межкультурной коммуникации по разработке механизма межкультурной коммуникации в евразийской интеграции. Структура работы состоит из двух глав: теоретической и практической. В теоретической части рассматриваются теоретические аспекты: межкультурное взаимодействие в контексте парадигм глобализации, интеграции; феномен межкультурной коммуникации как взаимодействие двух языковых картин мира в евразийской интеграции, а также лингвистические проблемы межкультурной коммуникации в Евразийском пространстве. В практической части анализируется источниковедческая база, интернациональность политической и экономической терминологии как следствие межкультурной коммуникации и глобализационных процессов; коннотации и символы культуры, их интерпретация в межкультурной коммуникации России и Казахстана, а также предлагаются рекомендации специалистам по межкультурной коммуникации по разработке механизма межкультурной коммуникации в евразийской интеграции. После анализа значительного количества источников становится очевидным, что для участников делового общения межкультурной коммуникации в рамках евразийской интеграции характерна общность пресуппозитивной базы знаний, которая понимается как наличие предварительных сведений и знаний, общего житейского и профессионального опыта. Это можно объяснить многолетним знакомством деловых коммуникантов, взаимностью интересов, совместной долгосрочной профессиональной деятельностью, краткосрочным совместным опытом, важным лишь для данного высказывания. / The master dissertation is devoted to the features of intercultural communication between Russia and Kazakhstan in the process of Eurasian integration (on the example of the EAEU). The purpose of this study is to analyze the intercultural communication of Russia and Kazakhstan in the Eurasian integration (using the example of the EAEU) and recommendations to specialists in intercultural communication on the development of a mechanism for intercultural communication in the Eurasian integration. The structure of the work consists of two chapters: theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, the theoretical aspects are considered: intercultural interaction in the context of the paradigms of globalization, integration; the phenomenon of intercultural communication as the interaction of two linguistic worldviews in Eurasian integration, as well as linguistic problems of intercultural communication in the Eurasian space. The practical part analyzes the source base, the internationality of political and economic terminology as a consequence of intercultural communication and globalization processes; connotations and symbols of culture, their interpretation in the intercultural communication of Russia and Kazakhstan, as well as recommendations are offered to specialists in intercultural communication on the development of a mechanism for intercultural communication in Eurasian integration. After analyzing a significant number of sources, it becomes obvious that participants in business communication of intercultural communication within the framework of Eurasian integration are characterized by a common presuppositive knowledge base, which is understood as the presence of preliminary information and knowledge, common everyday and professional experience. This can be explained by the long-term acquaintance of business communicants, mutual interests, joint long-term professional activity, short-term joint experience, important only for this statement.

[pt] A presente tese objetiva estudar a formação institucional do Exército Brasileiro, particularmente no que se refere à constituição da mentalidade militar do grupo que compõe seus oficiais. Buscou-se, a partir das ideias de Edmund Burke, cuja obra, Reflexões sobre a revolução na França, publicada em 1790, constitui arcabouço conceitual do conservadorismo clássico, identificar e entender as influências desse tipo de pensamento político e social na consolidação de aspectos conservadores da sociedade brasileira e de suas instituições, como o Exército. Realizou-se um estudo interdisciplinar, utilizando-se, por metodologia, uma pesquisa bibliográfica qualitativa, que abrangeu os campos da história, da sociologia e da ciência política. Usou-se, como indicadores comparativos entre a mentalidade militar e a mentalidade conservadora, os dez princípios apresentados por Russel Kirk, na obra The Conservative Mind: From Burke to Eliot. Foram analisados os Regulamentos e currículos da formação do oficial do Exército Brasileiro no período compreendido entre 1810 e 1944, e, também, o perfil do oficial na atualidade, recorrendo, para isso, às pesquisas realizadas pelo Programa de Apoio ao Ensino e à Pesquisa Científica e Tecnológica em Defesa Nacional (Pró-Defesa). O conservadorismo burkeano inseriu-se na sociedade brasileira durante o Império e alguns de seus aspectos foram adaptados à nossa cultura ibérica, que desenvolveu um tipo de conservadorismo com feições conciliatórias. Originando-se dessa sociedade, o Exército também consolidou, ao longo de sua evolução histórica e do processo de profissionalização de seus oficiais, uma mentalidade militar com firmes traços conservadores conciliatórios que até hoje pode ser identificada pelo capital simbólico desses profissionais. / [en] This thesis aims to study the institutional formation of the Brazilian Army, particularly with regard to the constitution of the military mentality of the group that makes up its officers. Based on the ideas of Edmund Burke, whose work, Reflections on the Revolution in France, published in 1790, it was sought to identify and understand the influences of this type of political and social thought in the consolidation of conservative aspects. of Brazilian society and its institutions, such as the Army. An interdisciplinary study was carried out, using, as a methodology, a qualitative bibliographic research, which covered the fields of history, sociology and political science. As comparative indicators between the military mentality and the conservative mentality, the ten principles presented by Russell Kirk, in the work The Conservative Mind: From Burke to Eliot, were used. The Regulations and curricula of the formation of the officer of the Brazilian Army were analyzed in the period between 1810 and 1944, as well as the profile of the officer today, using, for this, the research carried out by the Support Program for Teaching and Scientific Research. and Technological in National Defense (Pro-Defense). Burkean conservatism was inserted in Brazilian society during the Empire and some of its aspects were adapted to our Iberian culture, which developed a type of conservatism with conciliatory features. Originating from this society, the Army also consolidated, throughout its historical evolution and the process of professionalization of its officers, a military mentality with firm conciliatory conservative traits that until today can be identified by the symbolic capital of these professionals.

Der Zweite Weltkrieg war von neuer Technik und damit auch von neuen Möglichkeiten in der Propaganda und Psychologischen Kriegsführung geprägt. Speziell in der britisch-deutschen Auseinandersetzung wurden aus den Erfahrungen des Ersten Weltkrieges neue Konzepte entwickelt, mit denen eine Manipulierung feindlicher Soldaten und Zivilisten ermöglicht werden sollte. Die Dissertation setzt sich mit den Mentalitäts- bzw. Charaktereinschätzungen der Deutschen aus Sicht der britischen Akteure auseinander, die für eine effiziente Propaganda und Psychologische Kriegsführung gegen das sogenannte ''Dritte Reich'' sorgen sollten. Die oftmals präzisen Einschätzungen der Propagandisten, teils auch unter Verwendung psychologischer und psychiatrischer Dossiers hatten jedoch nicht immer den gewünschten Effekt. Auch aus diesem Grund wurden neue Strategien im Rahmen der sogenannten ''schwarzen'' Propaganda entwickelt, die den Gegner in den Grundfesten seiner Seele erschüttern sollte (und zu Teilerfolgen führte). Auch wenn die Briten auf beeindruckende Art und Weise die Deutschen hinsichtlich politischer, sozialer, religiöser oder lokaler Zugehörigkeit analysierten und Versuche unternommen wurden, diese Gruppen anhand dieser vermeintlichen Schwächen zu manipulieren, wurde nie das Ziel erreicht, via der Provokation von Differenzen innerhalb der Bevölkerung oder zwischen Bevölkerung und NS-Regime den Krieg zu verkürzen. Dabei ist die britische Effizienz im Einzelnen wiederum schwer messbar, festzustellen ist jedoch eindeutig, dass die britischen Propaganda-Maßnahmen keinen durchschlagenden Erfolg hatten, da die Autorität des NS-Regime zu keinem Zeitpunkt durch Massenaufstände oder Meutereien bzw. Massendesertionen an der Front gefährdet waren. Im Großen und Ganzen war die Entwicklung der mentalitätsorientierten ''geistigen Kriegsführung'' ein beeindruckendes Kapitel der britischen Geschichte, jedoch ohne messbare Auswirkung auf den Kriegsverlauf bzw. seiner Verkürzung. / The beginning of the Second World War imposed a new kind of warfare on the battlefield. The progress of radio and flight techniques permitted measures to manipulate the enemy with a combination of propaganda and psychological warfare. Furthermore, an analysis of his character was needed to spot the weak points in German psychology, to support the enemy population and soldiers in enmity towards their own government and to the war and to induce political uprising, sabotage and desertion. But the economic rebirth of Germany had created a strong connection between the Germans and Hitler, that would not be easy to weaken. British attempts to manipulate the German mind were wholly unsuccessful. Even the best analysis, very often close to the truth, could not jeopardize the efforts of Nazi propaganda, that drummed successfully into the German mind that the intentions of the Allied forces would be to destroy and enslave Germany. Furthermore, efforts to drive a wedge between the Germans and their leaders failed. Even in decline and defeat, the average German remained incapable of drawing his own conclusions and rising up against the Nazis. The history of the British attempts to manipulate the German mind was yet an impressive chapter of the Second World War, even if not entirely successful. The propaganda-organization of those measures and the confirmation of at least some of the estimates proved the efficiency of a well-organized brain-pool. For the totalitarian regime, it was easier in the end to oppress opposition, and for the democratic system too difficult to penetrate the German minds.

Diese Arbeit trägt mit ihrem speziellen Interesse für die Organologiemetapher als diskursprägende sprachliche Form eine neue Fragestellung an die Ideenwelt der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts heran. Untersucht wird, inwieweit die Gleichsetzung von Staat und Gesellschaft mit einem lebenden Körper als Ausdruck eines kollektiv geteilten Weltmodells zu verstehen ist, das das politische Denken der beginnenden Moderne prägte und kanalisierte. Wie die in dieser Arbeit durchgeführte synchrone Diskursanalyse zentraler Grundlagentexte der sechs maßgeblichen politischen Bewegungen des Vormärz - des Kommunismus, der demokratischen Bewegung, des Liberalismus, der Frauenbewegung, des Konservativismus und des politischen Katholizismus - zeigt, ist dies eindeutig der Fall: Mit Hilfe der demiurgischen Kraft der Organologiemetapher werden Welt, Staat und Gesellschaft in sämtlichen politischen Philosophien so entworfen, dass sie als Organismen erscheinen, die durch weitgehend unbeeinflussbare Natur-Triebe in ihrer Entwicklung vorangetrieben werden. Ebenso wird der Aufbau von Staat und Gesellschaft von allen nach dem Vorbild eines Organismus modelliert, in dem sich Teil und Ganzes wechselseitig bedingen. Auch die Positionierung von Mann und Frau im Kollektivkörper wird auf Erkenntnisse der Naturlehre, speziell auf in den Geschlechtern wirkende Natur-Kräfte, zurückgeführt. In dieser Arbeit werden zuerst diese Diskursgemeinsamkeiten vorgestellt, die auf eine grundlegende Mentalität der beginnenden Moderne schließen lassen. Anschließend werden die einzelnen Diskursvarianten und ihre Implikationen - nach den politischen Bewegungen geordnet - detailliert dargestellt. / With its specific interest in the organology metaphor this study creates a new way of understanding political ideas of the first half of the 19th century. It points out that the comparision of state and society with a living body is not only a stylistic pattern but a collectively shared fundamental mentality that influenced the political philosophy of the beginning modern age. This is shown by a synchronic analysis of essential and fundamental texts of the six important political movements of the first half of the 19th century - Communism, the democratic and the women''s movement, Liberalism, Conservatism and the political Catholicism. All political philosophies use the demiurgic power of the organology metaphor to design world, state and society in a way that they appear as organisms, which are propelled in their development by hardly influencable natural powers. Likewise all philosophies mould the organisation of state and society according to the pattern of a living organism, in which the whole body and its parts mutually depend on each other. By supposing different natural forces working in men and women also the sexes are positioned differently in the collective body. This study first presents these common uses of the organology metaphor through all political movements and the fundamental mentality of the beginning modern age shown by these. After that it focusses on the specific uses of the organology metaphor and their implications in each text.

This thesis examines the beginning of Victoria, British Columbia’s, women’s movement, stretching its ‘start’ date to the late 1850s while arguing that, to some extent, the local movement criss-crossed racial, ethnic, religious, and gender boundaries. It also highlights how the people involved with the women’s movement in Victoria challenged traditional beliefs, like separate sphere ideology, about women’s position in society and contributed to the introduction of new more egalitarian views of women in a process that continues to the present day. Chapter One challenges current understandings of First Wave Feminism, stretching its limitations regarding time and persons involved with social reform and women’s rights goals, while showing that the issue of ‘suffrage’ alone did not make a ‘women’s movement’. Chapter 2 focuses on how the local ‘women’s movement’ coalesced and expanded in the late 1890s to embrace various social reform causes and demands for women’s rights and recognition, it reflected a unique spirit that emanated from Victorian traditionalism, skewed gender ratios, and a frontier mentality. Chapter 3 argues that an examination of Victoria’s movement, like any other ‘women’s movement’, must take into consideration the ethnic and racialized ‘other’, in this thesis the Indigenous, African Canadian, and Chinese. The Conclusion discusses areas for future research, deeper research questions, and raises the question about whether the women’s movement in Victoria was successful. / Graduate / 0334 / 0733 / 0631 / mlihmels@shaw.ca

The concept of "family" has undergone major changes over the past 50 years. This thesis examines changes in attitudes and values that can be detected in German and Swedish during this time. In order to investigate these changes in the concept of "family" I have analyzed how the German focus word Familie and the Swedish focus word familj are used in newspaper articles from the 1960s, 1980s and early 2000s. The empirical data consists of German and Swedish newspaper corpora from the three different periods. The theoretical point of departure is a social constructionist perspective, where family is considered to be something constructed and negotiated in language use. The method is corpus linguistic discourse analysis: compound words, collocations and multi-word patterns that include the focus words are analyzed using large text corpora. The study is both about changes in HOW the words familj and Familie are used and WHAT is said about the family in public language use. The thesis shows changes in both Swedish and German language use. I conclude that two different sub-concepts are being constructed and negotiated: the family as a GROUP OF PERSONS and family as a WAY OF LIVING TOGETHER. As regards the family as a group of persons this sub-concept has undergone major changes during the period studied. Differences in Swedish and German language use indicate more and sometimes earlier changes in the Swedish concept of family. The sub-concept of family as a way of living together is more constant. The observed changes can also be seen against a background of Swedish and German conceptual norms of family that do not change to the same extent. New family structures such as nätverksfamiljer (reconstituted families) and regnbågsfamiljer (rainbow families) are partly constructed as deviations from these conceptual norms. The thesis also shows that the sub-concept of family as a group of persons has become even more complex, especially in Swedish language use and particularly in so-called bio boxes, where pets are mentioned as family members and couples without children label themselves as familj. / Begreppet ”familj” har genomgått stora förändringar de senaste 50 åren. I den här avhandlingen studeras vilka förändringar i synsätt och värderingar som kan upptäckas i det tyska och det svenska språkbruket under denna tid. För att undersöka dessa förändringar i begreppet ”familj” analyseras hur det tyska fokusordet Familie och det svenska fokusordet familj används i tidningstext från 1960-talet, 1980-talet och början av 2000-talet. Det empiriska materialet består av tyska och svenska tidningskorpusar från de tre olika perioderna. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten är ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv, där familj betraktas som någonting som konstrueras och förhandlas i språkanvändning. Metoden är korpuslingvistisk diskursanalys: med hjälp av stora textkorpusar analyseras sammansatta ord, kollokationer och flerordsmönster där fokusorden ingår. Det handlar här både om förändringar i HUR orden familj och Familie används och i VAD som sägs om familj i offentligt språkbruk. Avhandlingen visar på förändringar i både den svenska och den tyska språkanvändningen. Jag kommer fram till att två olika delbegrepp konstrueras och förhandlas: familj som PERSONGRUPP och familj som SAMLEVNADSFORM. När det gäller familj som persongrupp genomgår det delbegreppet stora förändringar under den studerade tidsperioden. Förändringarna visar sig vara större och ibland tidigare i det svenska materialet än i det tyska materialet. Delbegreppet familj som samlevnadsform är mer konstant. De förändringar som kan observeras sker också mot en bakgrund av svenska och tyska normbilder av familj, som inte förändras i samma grad. Nya familjebildningar som nätverksfamiljer och regnbågsfamiljer konstrueras delvis som avvikelser från dessa normbilder. Avhandlingen visar också att delbegreppet familj som persongrupp blir allt mer mångfacetterat, särskilt i svenskt språkbruk och i synnerhet i s.k. faktarutor, där även husdjur nämns som familjemedlemmar och par utan barn får etiketten familj.