Thesis--Universität Tübingen, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [169]-176) and index. "Liste der in der Tattvaprakāśavṛtti zitierten Texte"-p. 180.

Evidence supporting a range of 6-14 years between mental illness symptom recognition and psychological help seeking has spurred a substantial interest in help seeking barriers. The present study suggests that mind and body dualism, the perceiving of the mind as an entity distinct from the body, is one such barrier to help seeking. Despite the fact that beliefs in mind-body dualism or its opposite, that of physicalism, are evident in virtually all human cultures and religions, surprisingly little is known about the psychological and behavioral implications of holding such beliefs. An exception to this disparity is a study that demonstrated a connection between dualism and decreased engagement in healthy behaviors, such as exercise and eating habits (Forstmann et al., 2012). The aim of the present study was to expand on these findings by investigating the effects of mind-body beliefs and gender on attitudes towards professional psychological help and holistic or alternative medicines. In accordance with my hypothesis, a MANOVA indicated a main effect of gender, such that women felt more positively than men about seeking professional help for their own mental health problems as well as about the general value of therapy for others. A secondary analysis indicated that participants who self-identified as Jewish felt significantly more positive about psychotherapeutic treatment compared to Christian, Hindu, and Buddhist religious groups. Future research should continue to examine the links between mind-body ideologies, religion, culture, and help seeking through a large-scale correlational analysis utilizing naturally occurring mind-body beliefs.

O objeto desta pesquisa é o dualismo corpo/alma na teologia pentecostal brasileira, representado por sua maior expressão, a Assembléia de Deus. Assim, a partir da valorização do ser humano integral, se busca investigar a antropologia teológica pentecostal, suas tensões e convergências com a perspectiva bíblica. A ênfase teológica na unidade da constituição humana, que o testemunho bíblico indica, contrasta com a experiência histórica da cristandade, na qual o corpo sempre teve um papel secundário, status que, ainda permanece no pentecostalismo atual. Esta pesquisa apresenta seu conteúdo em três capítulos: capítulo 1 procura-se identificar a origem, assim como o desenvolvimento do dualismo antropológico ao longo dos principais períodos da História da Igreja. Com o título Teologia pentecostal e dualismo antropológico, o segundo capítulo busca apresentar um breve perfil da teologia pentecostal, considerando principalmente os dados que demonstram sua concepção de ser humano. No caminho da superação do dualismo antropológico, terceiro e último capítulo, se busca depois de descrever brevemente sobre a constituição do ser humano, indicar a partir de alguns dados bíblicos em diálogo com alguns autores, meios de superação do dualismo antropológico. Por fim, aponta-se para a teologia pentecostal a adoção da perspectiva antropológica unitária. / The object of this research is the dualism between body and soul in the Brazilian Pentecostal theology, represented by its major expression for the Assembly of God Church. Thus, from the appreciation of the whole human being, take it goals to investigate the Pentecostal theological anthropology, its tensions and convergences with the biblical perspective. The theological emphasis on the unity of the human constitution, that the biblical testimony indicates, contrastes with the historical experience of Christianity, in which the body, always played a secondary status, which remains in Pentecostalism today. This research presents its content in three chapters: Chapter 1 seeks to identify the origin, as well as the development of anthropological dualism along the mains periods of church history. Entitled Pentecostal Theology and anthropological dualism, the second chapter seeks to present a brief aspect of Pentecostal theology, especially considering the data showing his conception of human being. On the way to overcome the anthropology dualism, third and last chapter, is quest its, after describing briefly about the constitution of the human being from some biblical data in dialogue with some authors, means of overcoming of the anthropological dualism. Finally, it indicates to a Pentecostal theology the adoption of the anthropological unity perpective.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:11:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1893356 bytes, checksum: 8fbc59b0bbc25fa9ecc4b981482e0d5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The ecological issue is one of the most disturbing and complex problems of our time because it calls into question the future of humanity. This research is the result of a reflection on the philosophical dimension of environmental issues. It has been guided by the central thesis that a democratic ecology is the political option most indicated to create the conditions that can agglutinate some needed alternatives to the confrontation of the above question. Accordingly, the general objective aims to reflect on the range and limits of a democratic ecology with a liberal nature. To accomplish this, we face as central axis of the thesis the controversy between anthropocentrism and biocentrism and its impact on various fields that characterize the complex human-nature relationship, especially in ethical and political levels. The course of this work began, in the first chapter, with a study of the theoretical assumptions of the ecological problem, which sent us to an analysis of the foundations of modernity, exposing its dualistic and anthropocentric face governed by the categoris reason and freedom.Then, the research was directed to the current ecological debate that can be synthesized around the existing controversy between biocentrism and anthropocentrism. Therefore, in Chapter2, we exposed the main authors and environmental trends that can be defined as biocentric. In Chapter3, we presented the "moderate anthropocentric" proposal with democratic and liberal nature contained in the texts of Luc Ferry, Michael Shellenberger and Ted Nordhaus. Finally, in the fourth chapter, it was made a reflection on the various dimensions of the ecological problem: ontological, ethic-political, legal, technological, sociocultural and educational; aiming to demonstrate the validity of our central thesis that recognizes the responsibility as a fundamental ethical category and the importance of education, awareness, the state's role as an environmental manager, and of the technology as auxiliary tools for coping with the afore mentioned problem. We hope, thereby, that our choice of a philosophical reflection, grounded in the perspective of a democratic ecology with a moderate anthropocentric nature, can contribute to the current ecological debate in Brazil, wich is still dominated by a largely biocentric stance. / A questão ecológica é um dos mais inquietantes e complexos problemas de nosso tempo porque põe em xeque o futuro da humanidade. Esta pesquisa é o resultado de uma reflexão acerca da dimensão filosófica da questão ambiental. Foi norteada pela tese central de que uma ecologia democrática é a opção política mais bem indicada para criar as condições que possam aglutinar algumas alternativas necessárias para o enfrentamento da referida questão. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral visa refletir acerca dos alcances e dos limites de uma ecologia democrática de cunho liberal. Para alcançar este objetivo, enfrentamos como eixo central da tese a polêmica entre antropocentrismo e biocentrismo e suas repercussões nos vários âmbitos que caracterizam a complexa relação homem-natureza, principalmente nos níveis ético e político. O percurso deste trabalho iniciou-se, no primeiro capítulo, com um estudo dos pressupostos teóricos do problema ecológico, o que nos remeteu a uma análise dos fundamentos da Modernidade expondo a sua face dualista e antropocêntrica regida pelas categorias razão e liberdade. Em seguida, a pesquisa foi direcionada ao debate ecológico atual que pode ser sintetizado em torno da polêmica existente entre biocentrismo e antropocentrismo. Nesse sentido, no capítulo 2, expusemos os principais autores e correntes ambientais que podem ser definidos como biocêntricos. No capítulo 3, apresentamos a proposta antropocêntrica moderada de cunho democrático e liberal contida nos textos de Luc Ferry, Michael Shellenberger e Ted Nordhaus. Por fim, no quarto capítulo, foi efetuada uma reflexão acerca das várias dimensões do problema ecológico: ontológica, eticopolítica, jurídica, tecnológica, sociocultural e educacional; visando demonstrar a validade de nossa tese central que reconhece a responsabilidade como categoria ética fundamental e a importância da educação, da sensibilização, do papel do Estado como gestor ambiental, e da tecnologia como instrumentos auxiliares de enfrentamento do supracitado problema. Esperamos assim que a nossa opção por uma reflexão filosófica, assentada numa perspectiva de ecologia democrática de cunho antropocêntrico moderado, possa contribuir com o debate ecológico atual no Brasil, ainda dominado por uma postura majoritariamente biocêntrica.

In this chapter, I argue that developments characterizing the Late Moche Period in the Jequetepeque Valley, including both the adoption of highland artistic styles at San José de Moro and Huaca Colorada, as well as the proliferation of Moche religious architecture throughout the hinterland, were significantly influenced by interactions with highland societies, including Wari and Cajamarca. I support this thesis by examining the reconfiguration of the chicha-based political economy and the intensification of competitive feasting in the region that accompanied the ascendancy of the priestess cult in Jequetepeque. I also contend that a specific cosmological framework of coastal-highland opposition and gendered complementarity, evident at the time of the conquest, appears to have taken root in the Middle Horizon. In other words, culturally constructed and religiously mediated notions of geography, alterity, and interdependence can partly explain the tenor of Moche-highland relations and the subtle transformations of Moche ritual practices and political relations. The data suggests that the priestess cult may have been patronized by sierra polities, even if indirectly, for it conformed to emerging geo-cosmological and gendered understandings of coastal-highland dependencies. / En este capítulo, argumento que los desarrollos que caracterizan el Periodo Moche Tardío en el valle de Jequetepeque, incluyendo tanto la adopción de estilos artísticos serranos en San José de Moro, así como la proliferación de arquitectura religiosa moche a través del territorio, estuvieron significativamente influenciados por las interacciones con las sociedades serranas, incluyendo Wari y Cajamarca. Sostengo esta tesis examinado la reconfiguración de la economía política basada en la chicha y la intensificación de los festines competitivos en la región que acompañaron la ascensión del culto de la Sacerdotisa en Jequetepeque. También sostengo que un marco cosmológico específico, de oposición costa-sierra, basado en la complementariedad de los sexos masculino y femenino, evidente al momento de la conquista, aparenta haberse enraizado durante el Horizonte Medio. En otras palabras, nociones culturalmente construidas y mediadas de geografía, alteridad, e interdependencia, pueden explicar parcialmente el tenor de las relaciones moche-sierra y las sutiles transformaciones de las prácticas rituales y relaciones políticas moche. Los datos sugieren que el culto de la Sacerdotisa puede haber estado promovido por las organizaciones políticas de la sierra, incluso indirectamente, porque se conformaba a comprensiones geocosmológicas emergentes de las dependencias costa-sierra.

[pt] O trabalho caracteriza o dualismo no protestantismo brasileiro. Com base na análise da vida e obra Dietrich Bonhoeffer apresenta estratégias capazes de iluminar a prática da Igreja Batista no país. Primeiramente apresenta- se o problema que instigou a pesquisa: os efeitos prejudiciais do dualismo para a propagação do Evangelho. Afirma-se, também, a necessidade de uma visão integrada do ser humano que resulte em prática e teologia que considerem a inseparabilidade entre mística (vida voltada para o transcendente) e militância (vida inserida e atuante no mundo). Em seguida, trata-se do processo e estratégias pedagógicas de penetração dualista no cristianismo e da formação da teologia e da doutrina batista brasileira. Por fim, o estudo da reflexão teológica e experiência pessoal de Bonhoeffer, procura extrair maneiras de articular as dimensões espiritual e prática da vida cristã e de, assim, informar maneiras renovadas de um proceder cristão que supere o dualismo. Desse estudo, cinco pontos foram tomados como pistas para essa superação: o amor a Deus e ao próximo; a inserção da Igreja no mundo; a Igreja tomada como comunidade viva; a visão ecumênica e a dimensão ética da fé. / [en] This work characterizes dualism in Brazilian Protestantism. Based on an analysis of the life and works of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, it presents strategies able to shine some light on the practice of the Brazilian Baptist Church in the country. Firstly, the research problem is presented: the harmful effects of dualism on the spread of the Gospel. The need for an integrated perspective of the human being, one that results in a practice and a theology that consider the inseparability between mysticism (life oriented to the transcendent) and militancy (life inserted and active in the world), is also affirmed. Next, the process and pedagogical strategies through which dualism penetrated Christianity and the formation of Brazilian Baptist theology and doctrine are discussed. Finally, the study of the theological reflection and personal experience of Bonhoeffer aims at gathering ways to articulate spiritual and practical dimensions of Christian life and, therefore, at offering renewed forms of Christian practice that surpass dualism. Out of this study five suggestions are given for overcoming dualism: love for God and the neighbor, insertion of the church in the world, the church taken as a living community, ecumenical vision, and, the ethical dimension of faith.

The overall aim of this study is to analyze how the body is understood in the compulsory school subject physical education during the period 1976-2002. With pragmatism as the point of departure the texts of curricula, syllabi and articles from the physical education teacher's specialist press are analyzed. The analytical tools used are two perspectives of the body and human movement, one based on dualistic ideas and the other on Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of the lived body. The analysis shows that there are differences in how the embodied person is understood in three different types of text. In the curricula the dualistic ideas where the individual is seperated into body and soul prevail. The picture is more complex in the syllabi whilst in the articles from the specialist press the lived body is found more often. In the articles from the specialist press there is a pattern that shows change over time where phenomenological ideas are more prominent towards the end of the period studied. The dissertation consists of three parts. In the first part there is an introduction to the study and theoretical perspectives are introduced, the second part consists of the analysis of the texts and in the third part these are discussed and possible didactic consequences presented.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Historical ethnographic and early psychoanalytic epistemologies on 'fetishism' focus primarily on the fetish 'object', whereby the subject of 'fetish practices' was identified, pathologised and/or socioculturally invalidated primarily on the basis of affiliation with a taboo object. Such uncritical reliance on dualist, oppositional thinking and divisive, psychopathologising tendencies attenuates subjectivities and agency, and is inconsistent with contemporary postcolonial and queer scholarship. Contemporary discourses around (gay male sexual) 'fetishism', lodged in the definitions and diagnostic criteria of sexual 'fetishism' in the World Health Organisation's International Classification of Diseases, efface the subjectivities of sexual subjects who incorporate material objects into their sexual scripts. I argue that these classifications should be completely revised, since more appropriate subject-oriented epistemologies on sexuality incorporating material objects should acknowledge the constitution of the subject as phenomenologically taking place through intersections between materiality and discourse. This implies that no separate psychopathology of 'fetishism' can exist, since subjects, material objects and discourse cannot be effectively separated from each other.In contradistinction, a subject-oriented approach should, I suggest, be adopted, oriented around the (non-essentialist) constitution and lived experiences of sexual subjects, rather than on human or inanimate objects of sexual attention. This approach focuses on the necessary role of the human(sexual) body, which is neither entirely discursively nor materially constructed, but rather is engaged in a complex interaction with subjectivities, discourse and the phenomenal world. The(non-unitary) 'self' is him/herself subject, object and part of a cultural environment, experientially delineated through 'embodiment', with the phenomenological paradigm allowing for validation of sexual expression from an inclusive perspective, to develop complex cartographies of subjectivities.Based on this foundation, the thesis argues that the embodied sexual experience of the 'gay male fetishist' subject therefore serves to link him, objects and environments dialectically. Rather than being the 'object' of supervening drives, he is a valid agent, exploring his subjectivity and orienting himself in relation to his environment through his embodied experience. 'Sexual fetish' practices therefore function as connecting (rather than divisive) forces in human relations with the world. At the same time, consensual, non-harmful 'gay male fetish' sexualities are potentially selftransformative and socially transformative practices, called on as resources for recognising personal value.

Uppsatsens syfte var att undersöka området personlig utveckling samt personlig avveckling utifrån Sri Nisargadatta Maharajs lära och Abraham Maslows idéer. Frågeställningarna på området var: Är personlig utveckling och personlig avveckling motsatta eller identiska företeelser? Vilka likheter och skillnader finns hos Maharaj och hos Maslow? Vad har språket och dess användning för roll vid en jämförelse av dessa personers texter? De avgränsningar som gjordes för att undersöka området var att välja rörelserna humanistisk psykologi och advaita vedanta eftersom de upplevdes representera detta område på ett centralt sätt. Vidare avgränsades undersökningens metodval till diskursanalys med fokus på hur självförverkligande framställs diskursivt hos Abraham Maslow och Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj. Metoden var diskursanalys med stöd av metodboken Diskursanalys, och materialet koncentrerades till att omfatta Sri Nisargadatta Maharajs verk I am that: talks with Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj samt Abraham Maslows två verk Motivation and personality samt Toward a psychology of being. Den teori som anlades var fenomenologiskt perspektiv. Undersökningen visade att personliga omständigheter, tradition, olika perspektiv men även språkanvändning kan påverka hur man ser på och talar om kategorierna personlig utveckling respektive personlig avveckling. Slutsatsen efter undersökningen är att oavsett vilka termer man använder kommer både personlig utveckling och personlig avveckling vara aktuellt överallt där de grundläggande behoven för människan är tryggade: hur är upp till henne själv.

Depuis la moitié du XXe siècle, de nombreux chercheurs se sont penchés sur les objets et images laissés par les peuples précolombiens comme les Mochicas afin d’essayer de reconstruire ces anciennes cultures. Avec cette recherche, nous nous inscrivons dans la lignée de ces chercheurs en tentant de reconstruire le portrait de l’ontologie analogique telle que développée par les Mochicas (250-900 EC) en utilisant les représentations de crabes réalistes comme mythologiques sur le médium céramique comme sujet d’étude. Nous employons les théories de Philippe Descola, autant en ce qui concerne une définition du concept d’ontologie analogiste que pour les formes traditionnelles d’expression figurative de cette ontologie, afin d’établir une base théorique pour notre analyse. Notre étude se concentre sur un corpus de 251 céramiques que nous avons analysé pour leurs qualités formelles, iconographiques et techniques chacune de ces trois catégories nous ayant permis de mettre en lumière de riches relations ainsi qu’une panoplie d’analogies complexes. La forme des céramiques nous permet de mettre en évidence l’omniprésence visuelle de la structure analogique de l’univers mochica dans leur quotidien ainsi que les réseaux d’objets établis à travers l’espace et au coeur des différentes traditions stylistiques. L’iconographie des crabes se présente particulièrement appropriée pour cette recherche car ces êtres se situent au coeur d’un espace liminal où de nombreuses dualités se croisent. En effet, les dualismes se révèlent comme une base permettant à l’analogisme d’éclore. Les crabes sont aussi des êtres entretenant un certain nombre de relations complexes avec différents animaux et personnages mythologiques comme le Dieu à ceinture de serpents pour n’en nommer qu’un. Ainsi, les crabes occupent une place particulière au sein de la chaîne des analogies caractérisant le cosmos mochica, une chaîne qu’ils parviennent à naviguer de manière très fluide. C’est finalement avec l’étude des techniques de traitement de l’iconographie que nous parvenons à mettre en avant les analogies et relations consciemment entretenues par les potiers mochicas, ceci fait dans le but d’orienter la lecture des objets dans un sens bien précis. Ainsi, en employant ces trois catégories, nous décortiquons les différentes composantes de l’expression de l’analogisme au coeur des traditions stylistiques mochica. Avec cette recherche, nous cherchons notamment à mettre en valeur l’importance d’étudier l’art mochica de manière holiste, soit en analysant toutes les composantes de l’objet ensemble et non simplement l’image présentée dessus et ce, en lien avec différents facteurs culturels et environnementaux. / Since the mid-twentieth century, many scholars have taken a closer look at the objects and images left by pre-Columbian peoples such as the Moche in an attempt to rebuild the profiles of these ancient cultures. With this research, we follow in the footsteps of these scholars by attempting to reconstruct the portrait of the analogic ontology as developed by the Moche (250- 900 CE) using realistic as well as mythological representations of crabs on the ceramic medium as our subject of study. We use the theories of Philippe Descola, both for a definition of the concept of the analogist ontology and for the traditional forms of figurative expressions of this ontology, to establish a theoretical basis for our analysis. Our study focuses on a corpus of 251 ceramics that we have analyzed for their formal, iconographic and technical qualities, each of these three categories having allowed us to bring to light some rich relationships as well as a panoply of complex analogies. The shape of the ceramics allows us to highlight the visual omnipresence of the analogic structure of the Moche universe as well as the networks of objects established across space and different stylistic traditions. The iconography of the crabs is particularly appropriate for this research because these beings are located in the heart of a liminal space where many dualities cross. Indeed, we will see that the dualisms, particularly important within the Moche cosmovision, reveal themselves as a base allowing the analogism to bloom. The crabs are also beings that maintain a number of complex relations with different animals and mythological characters such as the Snake Belt God, to name but one. Thus, the crabs hold a particular place within the chain of analogies characterizing the Moche cosmos, a place that they manage to navigate in a very fluid way. It is finally with the study of the techniques of treatment of the iconography that we manage to highlight the analogies and relationships consciously maintained by the Moche potters, this with the aim of orienting the reading of the objects in a very precise way. Thus, using these three categories, we unravel the different components of the expression of analogism at the heart of Moche stylistic traditions. With this research, we seek to emphasize the importance of studying Moche art holistically, that is, by analyzing all the components of the object together and not just the image presented on it, in relation to various cultural and environmental factors.