O presente estudo visualiza a possibilidade de aplicação da Teoria dos Sistemas Autopoiéticos com a Teoria do Desenvolvimento Sustentável, com o intuito de apontar soluções para essa crise. Busca-se, também, um melhor entendimento da natureza humana e da natureza ambiental versadas através de sistemas utoreferenciais voltados a uma hipercomplexidade sócio-ambiental. Então compõem o trabalho de um estudo sobre a Teoria dos Sistemas, da Autopoiese e do Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Em seguida, far-se-à a inter-relação entre o desenvolvimento sustentável e a teoria dos sistemas autopoiéticos. Por fim, o trabalho vem a pretensão de descrever as possibilidades do desenvolvimento sustentável com base nos alicerces da Teoria dos Sistemas Autopoiéticos, como um possível caminho para se alcançar a sobrevivência planetária e, a melhor consciência do ser humano do verdadeiro valor de sua existência no planeta. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-14T16:22:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Cleide Calgaro.pdf: 1003026 bytes, checksum: 26385cc818f240ec945bab6abe0b1f4d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-14T16:22:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Cleide Calgaro.pdf: 1003026 bytes, checksum: 26385cc818f240ec945bab6abe0b1f4d (MD5) / The present study visualizes the application of the Autopoietic System Theory along with the Sustainable Development Theory with the purpose of pointing out solutions to this crisis. It also aims to reach a better understanding of the human and environmental nature dealt with through auto-referential systems facing a socioenvironmental hypercomplexity. Therefore, these elements comprise the study of the Systems Theory, the Autopoietic System Theory, and the Sustainable Development Theory. Then, the interrelationship between sustainable development and autopoietic system will be carried out. Eventually, this work has the purpose to describe the possibilities of sustainable development based on the grounds of the Autopoietic System Theory as a possible path to achieving the planetary survival as well as a better awareness of the human being as to the genuine significance of their existence on this planet.

O presente trabalho pretende estudar as relações entre a ética, a política e o direito em Aristóteles. Primeiramente, tentar-se-á dar uma ordem interna a cada tema, conforme a teoria das causas, isto é, as quatro causas aristotélicas. Depois de identificadas as causas da ética, da política e do direito, através da análise das causas de seus objetos, seguir-se-á, ao tempo da conclusão, a análise se há identidade de causas, parcial ou total, perfeita ou imperfeita. Ainda, buscar-se-á quais os elementos estudados por Aristóteles em uma das obras que são condições necessárias à outra. Por fim, investigar-se-á se as orientações para a ação de uma estão presentes na outra, isto é, se a atividade política básica é operada por um tipo de razão apresentada pela ética e se as orientações para a ação ética, ou seja, a ação humana conforme a virtude, é operada por um tipo de razão apresentada pela política. Finalmente, dar-se-á uma apresentação geral de como o direito se situa e se organiza nessa relação. / This dissertation intends to study the relations between ethics, politics and law, in aristotelian philosophy. First of all, it atempts to give an internal order to each of those themes, according to the four aristotelian causes; Aristotle’s theory of causes. After identifying the causes of ethics, politics and law, through analysis of its object’s causes, in conclusion it will be verified if there is any identity between them - partial or total, perfect or imperfect. Furthermore, elements studied by Aristotle in one of them which are necessary conditions to the others will be investigated. The next question to be answered will be whether the orientation to action are given by ethics, that is, whether the basic political action is performed by a type of reason presented by ethics, and wheter the orientation to ethical action, the human action according to virtue, is performed by a type of reason presented by politics. Finally, a general approach about how law is situated and organized in the context of the referred relation.

O presente estudo visualiza a possibilidade de aplicação da Teoria dos Sistemas Autopoiéticos com a Teoria do Desenvolvimento Sustentável, com o intuito de apontar soluções para essa crise. Busca-se, também, um melhor entendimento da natureza humana e da natureza ambiental versadas através de sistemas utoreferenciais voltados a uma hipercomplexidade sócio-ambiental. Então compõem o trabalho de um estudo sobre a Teoria dos Sistemas, da Autopoiese e do Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Em seguida, far-se-à a inter-relação entre o desenvolvimento sustentável e a teoria dos sistemas autopoiéticos. Por fim, o trabalho vem a pretensão de descrever as possibilidades do desenvolvimento sustentável com base nos alicerces da Teoria dos Sistemas Autopoiéticos, como um possível caminho para se alcançar a sobrevivência planetária e, a melhor consciência do ser humano do verdadeiro valor de sua existência no planeta. / The present study visualizes the application of the Autopoietic System Theory along with the Sustainable Development Theory with the purpose of pointing out solutions to this crisis. It also aims to reach a better understanding of the human and environmental nature dealt with through auto-referential systems facing a socioenvironmental hypercomplexity. Therefore, these elements comprise the study of the Systems Theory, the Autopoietic System Theory, and the Sustainable Development Theory. Then, the interrelationship between sustainable development and autopoietic system will be carried out. Eventually, this work has the purpose to describe the possibilities of sustainable development based on the grounds of the Autopoietic System Theory as a possible path to achieving the planetary survival as well as a better awareness of the human being as to the genuine significance of their existence on this planet.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Humberto Barrionuevo Fabretti.pdf: 692927 bytes, checksum: 18f5d1d08d2fa2ea3d9ac4894ac4be24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-17 / This work has as main theme the analysis of the Enemy´s Criminal Law theory reformulated by Günther Jakobs. For both, there was an examination of theories of Penalty and located to the Criminal Funcionalism of Jakobs among the theories of General Positive Prevention. Done this, it is analyzed the characteristics and fundamentals of the Enemy´s Criminal Law and its insertion in phenomenon known as Expansion of the Criminal Law. Subsequently, it was made a study of philosophical assumptions that underpin this doctrine, especially as regards the ideas of Rousseau, Ficthe, Hobbes and Kant. Finally, drew up the historical development of Citizenship, delimit up its content and its incompatibility with the Enemy´s Criminal Law. / O presente trabalho tem como tema principal a análise da Teoria do Direito Penal do Inimigo reformulada pelo alemão Günther Jakobs. Para tanto, realizou-se uma análise das Teorias da Pena e localizou-se o Funcionalismo Penal de Jakobs entre as teorias da Prevenção Geral Positiva. Feito isso, analizou-se as características e fundamentos do Direito Penal do Inimigo, bem como a sua inserção no fenômeno conhecido como Expansão do Direito Penal. Posteriormente, fez-se um estudo dos pressupostos filosóficos que sustentam a referida doutrina, especialmente no que se refere às idéias de Rousseau, Ficthe, Hobbes e Kant. Por fim, traçou-se o desenvolvimento histórico da Cidadania, delimitou-se seu conteúdo e conclui-se pela sua incompatibilidade com o Direito Penal do Inimigo.

Copyright law relegates translation to a secondary, or derivative, status, which means that publishing a translation requires the permission of the rights holder of the original. This thesis argues for the timeliness of revisiting the translation right by analyzing its foundations and its implications from a transdisciplinary public policy perspective. This is done by first studying the historical and philosophical foundations of copyright law itself where the translation right is housed, revealing questionable philosophical arguments and a colonial past that has created legal path dependencies. The thesis then undertakes an examination of the foundations of the translation right specifically, dubbed “the international issue par excellence,” which confirms the same pattern observed in the development of copyright law. Given the complete absence of the translator’s perspective from all international discussions on the translation right, copyright’s view of translation is then contrasted with recent scholarship in translation theory, with a special focus on the notion of agency(-ies), exposing the incompatibility of these views on translation, and highlighting the importance of including the perspective of translation studies in policies and laws related to translation. The last part of the thesis explores the present-day realities of knowledge societies, digital technologies, and globalization, in order to identify the role of translation today and in the future, while highlighting the tremendous gaps between the have’s and the have-not’s, and the necessity of recognizing the specificities of different societies. Knowledge is the new capital of the world, and the translation right is an impediment to the key role translation can potentially play in allowing societies to participate in the cycle of its consumption and regeneration. Digital technologies are powerful enablers that have allowed those who have leveraged and embraced them, such as the open movement and prosumers of all types, to transform the nature of their interactions with their environment macro- and microstructurally. This has also been reflected in the profession of translation, where collaborative projects are constantly initiated, while the nature of the translator’s work is changing to the point where one seriously doubts whether the provisions of the century-old translation right still apply to it. The discussion on globalization focuses on language in a globalized world, power relations between linguistic communities, and means of preserving linguistic diversity and heritage. The translation right, with its questionable foundations and outdated nature, is an impediment to the potential role of translation (as representative of the public interest) in the world, and must be revisited and at least reduced to the point of constituting balanced public policy. Social development, power relations and the necessity of differentiation (or “otherness”) are running themes throughout the work, which tries to balance between theoretical discussions from various relevant disciplines and reliance on United Nations and other public policy research.

Dans les rapports familiaux, les mécanismes de la responsabilité paraîssent s’appliquer plus difficilement qu’ailleurs. Qu’il s’agisse d’engager la responsabilité des époux, ou bien celle d’un parent envers son enfant, ou même encore de juger un délinquant passionnel, il peut être malaisé de déterminer les parts de responsabilité et de culpabilité qui reviennent à chacun. L’élément affectif, qui n’est pas regardé en principe comme un objet possible du droit, est susceptible d’expliquer cette difficulté. L’objet de cette thèse est donc de découvrir ce que peut être cet affect, et s’il intervient effectivement de façon significative dans les responsabilités familiales. Dans la pensée classique, l’affect n’a pas d’autonomie, en ce sens qu’il est toujours assimilé et réduit à d’autres notions, telles que l’émotion ou la volonté. En le dégageant de ces réductions, pourtant, l’affect peut être un élément isolable, qui est clairement identifiable dans le lien conjugal ou dans la filiation. L’affect est ainsi un élément concret, mais aussi dynamique, en ce sens qu’il est doté d’une valeur normative. Il est donc capable, non seulement d’éclairer des situations familiales pour lesquelles la responsabilité, civile ou pénale, doit être mise en oeuvre, mais encore de porter une valeur, que le droit peut découvrir et protéger. / In family relations, responsibility mechanism seems to apply themselves with much more difficulty then elsewhere. Whether it engages the responsibility of the married couple, or the one of a parent towards his child, or even to judge a crime of passion, it can be difficult to determine the responsibility or guilt of each party. The affectif element, that is usually not considered like a text of law, is likely to explain this difficulty. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to discover what can be this affect, and if it indeed intervenes in a significant way in family responsibilities. In the classical thought, the affect has no autonomy, in a way that it is always assimilated and reduced to other notions such as emotion or free will. Removing these simplifications, the affect can be an element which can be isolated and clearly identified in the conjugal link or in filiation. Consequently, the affect is a concret element, but also dynamic, in the way it is doted by a normative value. It is therefore able, not only to enlighten family situations for which, civil or penal responsibility must be applied, but must also carry a value, that law may discover and protect.

Le droit des personnes et de la famille est le théâtre régulier de discussions passionnées sur le rôle des juristes. Authentiques « cas pratiques de philosophie du droit », la réparation du préjudice de naissance handicapée, l’ouverture du mariage aux personnes de même sexe, ou encore la réception de la gestation pour autrui réalisée à l’étranger, ont été pour eux l’occasion de prendre position, dans des directions radicalement opposées, sur la place du droit et la fonction du juriste dans la société. Classique, cette question épistémologique a été substantiellement renouvelée par les évolutions politiques et juridiques contemporaines. L’étude se propose d’apporter un double regard, critique et constructif, à cette discussion.Si les doctrines philosophiques ou sociologiques contestant ou minimisant la juridicité des règles régissant la vie personnelle ou familiale doivent être écartées, on ne peut manquer d’observer les spécificités du droit des personnes et de la famille. À cet égard, l’ancestrale querelle des jusnaturalistes et des positivistes, régulièrement convoquée pour rendre compte des débats contemporains, peine à rendre compte de la réalité du rôle du juriste dans cette matière. Cette insuffisance invite à porter un nouveau regard sur le rôle occulté du juriste en droit des personnes et de la famille : celui de l’intellectuel engagé. Cette posture, utile, que le juriste ne devrait pas craindre, n’est pas sans conséquence sur ses devoirs ou sa formation. Elle permet également d’envisager sous un nouveau jour les frontières du droit, de la morale et du politique, le droit ou le juste apparaissant comme le trait d’union, le médiateur, entre l’éthique et la politique, entre le bon et l’utile. / Law of Persons and Family generates passionate discussions on the role of jurist. Compensations for children born handicapped, the opening of marriagetosame-sex couples, or surrogacy carried out abroad, represent authentic “practical cases of philosophy of law” that allow them to take a stand, in opposite directions, on the place of the law and the role of legal professionals in society. This classic epistemological question has been substantially renewed by contemporary political and legal developments. The aim of this study is to provide a critical and constructive perspective to the discussion. Philosophical or sociological doctrines challenging or minimizing the legality of the rules governing personal or family life must be rejected and law of Persons and Family specificities must be considered. In this respect, the ancestral dispute between ‘naturalists’ and ‘positivists’, duly summoned to reflect on contemporary debates, hardly echoes the reality of the role of the lawyer in this matter.This deficiency invites us to take a new look at the hidden role of the jurist in the law of persons and family: the committed intellectual one. The jurist’s useful stand, that he should not fear, has consequences on his training and duties.It also helps to consider in a new light the borders of law, morality and politics, the right or the fair appearing as the hyphen, the mediator, between ethics and politics, and between the good and the useful.

[pt] A filosofia do direito se preocupa tradicionalmente com a análise de problemas interpretativos sob a perspectiva do juiz. Uma mudança de perspectiva pode ser benéfica: é possível utilizar de conceitos de filosofia da linguagem para aprimorar a redação de textos normativos, lançando nova luz sobre as questões filosóficas persistentes sobre a interpretação jurídica. O presente trabalho analisa os conceitos de ambiguidade e vagueza, em suas diversas formas, e oferece uma divisão entre tipos de vagueza instrumentalmente desejáveis e indesejáveis para a consecução dos valores perseguidos pelo direito. Após, é apresentado um argumento que pretende mostrar que textos normativos são atos de fala ilocucionários. Finalmente, o trabalho busca mostrar como a linguagem ordinária pode ser usada para aumentar a clareza de textos normativos. A hipótese de que essa prática pode gerar benefícios é testada e confirmada a partir de um questionário distribuído a juristas e não juristas. Na conclusão, argumenta-se que a aplicação das conclusões filosóficas anteriores a textos normativos pode aumentar o grau de efetividade e transparência do direito e resolver parte dos problemas de interpretação que permanecem não solucionados após décadas de debate filosófico, como ocorre com as discussões sobre intencionalismo e textualismo. / [en] Philosophy of law is traditionally preoccupied with the analysis of interpretative problems under the judge s point of view. A change in perspective might be beneficial: it is possible to use concepts from philosophy of language to enhance the redaction of normative texts, shedding new light on persistent philosophical questions about interpretation in law. The present thesis analyzes the concepts of ambiguity and vagueness in its multiple forms, offering a division between kinds of instrumentally desirable and undesirable vagueness to the values pursued by law. Afterwards, it presents an argument that intends to show that normative texts are ilocucionary speech acts. Finally, the thesis seeks to show ways in which ordinary language may be used to create clearer normative texts. The hypothesis that this practice may generate benefits is tested and confirmed by a questionnaire distributed to both lawyers and laymen. In its conclusion, it is argued that the application of these previous philosophical conclusions to normative texts may increase the degree of effectiveness and transparency of law and solve part of the problems of interpretation that remain unsolved after decades of philosophical debate, as happens with discussions about intentionalism and textualism.

Divine Command Theory är en metaetisk position som innebär att vår moraliska kompass bör grunda sig i vad Gud anser är rätt eller fel. Givet att det existerar objektiva moraliska sanningar, är Divine Command Theory den mest lämpliga teorin för att på ett logiskt och kongruent sätt besvara på frågorna vart moraliska förpliktelser härstammar ifrån, hur vi känner till dessa förpliktelser och varför vi bör leva våra liv i enlighet med dem. Andra framträdande metaetiska positioner som evolutionsbaserad etik, moralisk realism och konstruktivism lyckas besvara olika enstaka aspekter av dessa frågor, men inte på ett kongruent, holistiskt och tillfredsställande vis. Således behöver vi Gud för att grunda objektiv moral. Invändningen Euthyphros dilemma besvaras med att det inte är ett dilemma. Invändningen the pluralism objection, besvaras med att det ensamt inte kan motbevisa giltigheten av teorin. Inom Shari’an förmedlas en sofistikerad samt holistisk syn på moral. Människans universella skyldighet att lyda Gud samt att följa profeten, i syfte att uppnå moralisk korrekthet, uttrycks i koranen. För att säkerställa detta fordrar det en korrekt tolkning av Shari’an. Relationen mellan moraliska förpliktelser och vilka som bär dess ansvar behandlas med utgångspunkt i individens förmågor, egenskaper, samt individuella omständigheter. Eftersom Gud är Allvetande känner han till varje individs situation. Andra aspekter av moral som sedvanliga metaetiska positioner typiskt inte behandlar, som intention och ansträngning lyfts i Shari’an. Vidare finner vi både positiva och negativa påföljder beroende på om man följer förpliktelserna eller inte. Påföljderna kategoriseras i två delar, den ena behandlar detta liv och den andra behandlar det nästkommande livet. Påföljderna svarar på den moralfilosofiska frågan varför man bör vara moralisk. Inom Islam inkluderas även djur och natur som subjekt vilka man har moraliskt ansvar för.

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