This study analyzes corporate governance practices of foreign (non-U.S.) issuers listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and Nasdaq. Specifically, I examine the extent to which these foreign issuers voluntarily comply with U.S. stock exchange corporate governance requirements applicable to domestic issuers. My sample consists of 201 foreign companies primarily domiciled in Brazil, China, Israel, and the United Kingdom. I find that 151 (75 per cent) of the sample firms do not elect to comply with any of the U.S. corporate governance requirements. Logistic regression analysis generally supports the hypotheses that conformance with U.S. GAAP and percentage of managerial ownership are positively associated, and that percentage ownership by major shareholders is negatively associated with foreign firms electing to comply with U.S. corporate governance rules. This evidence is relevant for regulators and investors.

本研究的目的在比較研究中國大陸與台灣股市，其上市公司的財務資訊特性，以及這些財務資訊在這兩個股市中的有用性。大陸股市迄今年齡尚輕，僅七歲。唯大陸股市的法規，散戶多，同文同種等與台灣股市相近；不同之處在於，例如國家對上市公司所持有的股份仍佔一定比例、法人極少（中國大陸自五月份始方開放共同基金的發行）、股市分為 A、B 及 H 股等。因此在不同的股市特性及股市環境下，到底公開資訊被使用的情形如何？這種比較分析可令我們深入瞭解，在不同股市特性及股市環境（包括證劵管理環境）下，投資者使用公開財資訊的深度與廣度。因此本研究以公開財務報表為例，探討並比較台灣股市與中國大陸間資訊有用性及有用程度。 本研究採用傳統盈餘／股價關係的研究設計來探討其間的關係，根據　Easton and Harris(1991)及 Lev(1989)的建議，在傳統的盈餘反應係數模式中加入二個與盈餘相關變數，一為「當期盈餘水準除以期初股價」的盈餘水準變數；另一為「當期盈餘變動除以期初股價」的未預期盈餘變數，以此二盈餘變數實證比較兩岸股市，其相對盈餘資訊內涵。其次，依據 Lipe(1986)的建議及其所建立的實證模式，本研究測試盈餘組成分子是否具備增額資訊內涵，並比較兩岸盈餘組成分子增額資訊內涵是否顯著不同。最後，本研究借用 ERC 模式，並依據 Collins and kothari(1989)加入 ERC 決定因素如公司系統風險、盈餘持續度、公司成長機會等，來增進盈餘／股會間關係的解釋能力，以期在最具解釋力的模式下，比較兩盈餘資訊內涵。本研究台灣方面以台灣證劵交所股票上市公司為對象，研究期間自民國 77 年至 85 年止，共計 9 年為樣本期間，大陸則以在上海、深圳交易所上市的股票上市公司樣本，研究期間則為 1994 年至 1996 年研究結果顯示： 1.兩岸之資訊環境存在顯著差異性。 2.兩岸之盈餘資訊皆具有用性。 3.盈餘組成項目均具增額資訊內涵。 4.考慮 ERC 模式後可增加模式之解釋力。 / This study mainly applies ERC (Earnings Response Coefficient) model to compare the information contents of earnings in Taiwan and China stock markets. In addition, this study investigates the disclosure rules of these two markets in order to develop related hypotheses. This study includes four hypotheses: (1) information environment hypothesis, (2) earning level hypothesis, (3) earnings components hypothesis, and (4) ERC determinants hypothesis. The samples strategically select from. listed companies in Taiwan and China to facilitate our comparisons. The findings can be summarized as follows. 1. In the Taiwan stock market, the firm size is not a significant factor for determining optimal return window; but in the China stock market, the response of larger firms is earlier than smaller firms to the earnings announcement (information environment hypothesis). 2. The Easton-Harris earnings level variable can significantly increase the explanatory power of ERC in the Taiwan stock market; but it cannot significantly increase the explanatory power of ERC in the China stock market (earnings level hypothesis). 3. The earnings components can increase the explanatory power of earnings/return relationship in both Taiwan and China stock markets. In addition, the non-operating components have better explanatory power than operating components in earnings (earnings components hypothesis). 4. The determinants of ERC can increase the explanatory power of earnings/return relationship; but the determinants of ERC have negative effects of the explanatory power of earnings/return relationship.

Esta dissertação estima os modelos de volatilidade para a série de preços da Vale do Rio Doce, para uma série de sub-períodos de 1998 até 2004. Está organizada em quatro capítulos, icluindo a introdução e aconclusão. O primeiro capítulo, faz uma apresentação geral do trabalho. O capítulo segundo, faz um histórico da Vale do Rio Doce e discute o mercado de capitais, bem como a sua relação com o desenvolvimento econômico. O terceiro capítulo faz referência aos procedimentos empíricos que serão utilizados no último capítulo e faz uma revisão empírica para o Brasil. Por fim, no quarto e último capítulo é realizada uma análise econométrica para a ação da Vale do Rio Doce. / This work of conclusion esteem the models of volatileness for the series of prices of the Valley of the River Candy, for a series of sub-periods of 1998 up to 2004. It is organized in four chapters, having icluindo the introduction and the conclusion. The first chapter, makes a general presentation of the work. The chapter second, makes a description of the Valley of the River Candy and argues the stock market, as well as its relation with the economic development. The third chapter make reference to reference the empirical procedures that will be used in the last chapter and makes an empirical revision for Brazil. Finally, in the room and last chapter a econometrical analysis for the action of the Valley of the River is carried through Candy.

The thesis examined the comprehensive causal relationship between the banking sector, stock market development and economic growth in a multi-variate framework using Zimbabwean time series data from 1988 to 2015. Three banking sector development proxies (total financial sector credit, banking credit to private sector and broad money M3) and three stock market development proxies (stock market capitalization, value traded and turnover ratio) were employed to estimate both long and short run relationships between banking sector, stock market and economic growth in Zimbabwe. The study employs the vector error correction model (VECM) as the main estimation technique and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach as a robustness testing technique. Results showed that in Zimbabwe a significant causal relationship from banking sector and stock market development to economic growth exists in the long run without any feedback effects. In the short run, however, a negative yet statistically significant causal relationship runs from economic growth to banking sector and stock market development in Zimbabwe. The study further concludes that there is a unidirectional causal relationship running from stock market development to banking sector development in Zimbabwe in both short and long run periods. Nonetheless this relationship between banking sector and stock markets has been found to be more significant in the short run than in the long run. The thesis adopts the complementary view and recommends for the spontaneity implementation of monetary policies as the economy grows. Monetary authorities should thus formulate policies to promote both banks and stock markets with corresponding growth in Zimbabwe’s economy. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

Esta dissertação estima os modelos de volatilidade para a série de preços da Vale do Rio Doce, para uma série de sub-períodos de 1998 até 2004. Está organizada em quatro capítulos, icluindo a introdução e aconclusão. O primeiro capítulo, faz uma apresentação geral do trabalho. O capítulo segundo, faz um histórico da Vale do Rio Doce e discute o mercado de capitais, bem como a sua relação com o desenvolvimento econômico. O terceiro capítulo faz referência aos procedimentos empíricos que serão utilizados no último capítulo e faz uma revisão empírica para o Brasil. Por fim, no quarto e último capítulo é realizada uma análise econométrica para a ação da Vale do Rio Doce. / This work of conclusion esteem the models of volatileness for the series of prices of the Valley of the River Candy, for a series of sub-periods of 1998 up to 2004. It is organized in four chapters, having icluindo the introduction and the conclusion. The first chapter, makes a general presentation of the work. The chapter second, makes a description of the Valley of the River Candy and argues the stock market, as well as its relation with the economic development. The third chapter make reference to reference the empirical procedures that will be used in the last chapter and makes an empirical revision for Brazil. Finally, in the room and last chapter a econometrical analysis for the action of the Valley of the River is carried through Candy.

Esta dissertação estima os modelos de volatilidade para a série de preços da Vale do Rio Doce, para uma série de sub-períodos de 1998 até 2004. Está organizada em quatro capítulos, icluindo a introdução e aconclusão. O primeiro capítulo, faz uma apresentação geral do trabalho. O capítulo segundo, faz um histórico da Vale do Rio Doce e discute o mercado de capitais, bem como a sua relação com o desenvolvimento econômico. O terceiro capítulo faz referência aos procedimentos empíricos que serão utilizados no último capítulo e faz uma revisão empírica para o Brasil. Por fim, no quarto e último capítulo é realizada uma análise econométrica para a ação da Vale do Rio Doce. / This work of conclusion esteem the models of volatileness for the series of prices of the Valley of the River Candy, for a series of sub-periods of 1998 up to 2004. It is organized in four chapters, having icluindo the introduction and the conclusion. The first chapter, makes a general presentation of the work. The chapter second, makes a description of the Valley of the River Candy and argues the stock market, as well as its relation with the economic development. The third chapter make reference to reference the empirical procedures that will be used in the last chapter and makes an empirical revision for Brazil. Finally, in the room and last chapter a econometrical analysis for the action of the Valley of the River is carried through Candy.

Le but de cette thèse est de construire un modèle de détection des changements de phase -passages de marché haussier à baissier et vice versa - du marché des actions américaines cotées, en utilisant un nombre relativement important de variables à la fois fondamentales (macroéconomiques et microéconomiques) et issues de l’analyse technique.Le modèle statistique retenu est la régression logistique statique, avec un retard pour les variables explicatives allant de zéro à trois mois. Les huit variables les plus significatives parmi vingt candidatesont été sélectionnées à partir des données mensuelles du S&P500 sur la période 1963-2003. Le modèle obtenu a été testé sur 2004-2013 et sa performance a été supérieure à celles de la stratégie Buy & Holdet d’un modèle univarié utilisant la variable ayant le plus fort pouvoir de détection - ce dernier modèle ayant fait l’objet d’une étude dans la littérature.Il a également été montré que des variables non encore considérées dans la littérature - la moyenne mobile sur les six derniers mois des créations nettes d’emplois non-agricoles, la base monétaire et le Composite Leading Indicator de l’OCDE - ont un pouvoir de détection significatif pour notre problématique. D'autre part, la variable binaire indiquant la position du S&P500 par rapport à sa moyenne mobile des dix derniers mois - variable de type analyse technique - a un pouvoir prédictif beaucoup plus élevé que les variables fondamentales étudiées. Enfin, les deux autres variables les plus statistiquement significatives sont macroéconomiques : l'écart entre les taux à dix ans des T-bonds et à trois mois des T-bills et la moyenne mobile des créations d’emplois non-agricoles. / The goal of this thesis is to build a model capable of detecting the reversals - shift from bull market to bear market or vice versa - of the American stock market, by using a relatively large number of explanatory variables, both of fundamental (macroeconomic and microeconomic) and of ‘technical analysis’ types.The statistical model used is static logistic regression, with lags for the independent variables ranging from zero to three months. Starting with twenty variables, the eight most significant ones have been selected on a training set consisting of monthly data of the S&P500 between 1963 and 2003. There sulting model has been tested over the 2004-2013 period and its performance was better than those of a buy & hold strategy and of a univariate model based on the variable with the highest predictive power – the latter model being the focus of a paper in the current literature. Another contribution of the thesis is that some variables not yet studied in the literature – the six month moving average of net non-farm job creations, the monetary base and the OECD Composite Leading Indicator – are statistically significant for our problem. Moreover, the predictive power of the binary variable indicating whether the S&P500 is above or below its ten-month moving average – a technical analysis variable – is much higher than that of the fundamental variables which have been considered. Finally, the two other most significant variables are macroeconomic ones: the spread between the ten-year T-bond and three-month T-bill rates and the moving average of non-farm jobs creations.

Undersökningens syfte är att redogöra för hur den svenska aktiemarknaden reagerarvid förändringar av reporäntan under hög- respektive lågkonjunktur. Undersökningen kommer även att granska hur olika företag baserat på företagens omsättning på Stockholmsbörsenreagerar på förändringar av reporäntan.De teorier som används i undersökningen är teori om reporäntan och den effektivamarknadshypotesen. Studien behandlar den kvantitativa metoden med deduktiva inslag. Studien tillämpar även MacKinlays eventstudie metod för finansiering och ekonomi. Undersökningens resultat består av två perioder med 14 observationer av reporäntan under högkonjunktur och 9 observationer under lågkonjunktur.Resultatet påvisade inget samband mellan en höjning av reporänta och sänkning i aktiekursen i enighet med teori. Däremot går resultatet i enighet med teori för en sänkning av reporäntanoch en uppgång i kursen. / The purpose with this study is to disclose how Swedish stock market reacts to changes in discount rate during different cycles of economy. This study will also examine how different industries react on discount rate changes made by the Swedish Central Bank. The theories used in this study are the efficient market hypothesis theory and theory about the federal funds rate. In this study we use a quantitative research method with a deductive strategy. This study also includes MacKinlays event study methodology for finance and economics. The study includes two different time intervals, where one period has 14 observations on fund rate changes during booms and 9 observations during recession. The results for booms didn’t show any correlation between a hike in discount rate and a decline in stock market. Where as in recession period, there was a correlation between a decrease in discount rate and hikes in stock market

Syfte: Studien syftar till att visa hur och varför volymen börsnoteringar av fastighetsbolag varierat över tid och hur denna volym har påverkats av det ekonomiska klimatet. Metod: Studien baseras på en kvantitativ metod. Multipel regressionsanalys tillämpas där makroekonomiska faktorers förklaringsvärde för volymen börsintroduktioner av fastighetsbolag undersöks. Teoretisk referensram: Det teoretiska ramverk som används i denna studie har sin primära utgångspunkt i tidigare forskning gjorda på börsnoteringar. Vidare har The Fisher Di Pasquale Wheaton model använts för att få en djupare förståelse för fastighetsbranschens mekanismer. Kopplingen till aktiemarknaden har sitt ursprung i Den effektiva marknadshypotesen tillsammans med The capital demand hypothesis. Resultat: Denna studie finner ett negativt samband mellan antalet introduktioner av fastighetsbolag samt det aktuella ränte- och konjunkturläget. Aktieprisutvecklingen bland fastighetsbolag och volatilitet på fastighetsaktiemarknaden har båda ett positivt samband med antalet introduktioner av fastighetsbolag. Denna studie finner inget samband mellan antalet introduktioner av fastighetsbolag och inflationsnivå. / Objective: This thesis aims to gain a deeper understanding of IPO activity by real estate firms, and why its volume varies over time. The objective is also to obtain the impacts of macroeconomic factors on the volumes of initial public offerings. Method: This study uses a quantitative method were macroeconomic factors will be used as predictors in a multiple regression analysis. Further, IPO volumes of real estate firms will be considered as the constant. Theorethical references: The basic theories that are used in this thesis are Efficient Market Hypothesis, the FDW-model, and The Capital Demand Hypothesis. Previous thesis that covers IPOs are considered as the fundmental basis of this study. Results: The results shows a negative correlation between the IPO volumes of real estate firms, and the interest rate, as well as the economic cycle. Hence, this study finds a positive correlation between stock prices and the volatility at the stock market. The results don’t find any significant correlation between IPO volumes and the inflation rate.

自從１９７３年Bretton Woods 國際貨幣制度崩潰後，各主要工業國家均採行浮動匯 率制度，而各國的匯率水準則呈現劇烈的變動與不安定的現象，如何解釋此一匯率波 動現象。乃成為大家所郤探討的主題。 以往在探討匯率動態的決定理論時，大致可以分為商品對外貿易不均衡時所造成的匯 率動態，以及因某些政府政策或其它外生變數（如國外利率、國外物價等）變動時， 造成資產調整所引起的匯率動態，但是所有的分析均沒有將股票市場考慮進來。但在 最近一年來，我們可以發現股票市場與匯率的波動間有著相互影響的關係存在。而為 了探討此一關係，最近朱美麗、曹天旺（１９８７）將Blanohard （１９８１）的模 型擴充為開放體系，來研究貨幣政策及國外利率水準變動時，匯率與股票價格的動態 調整理論。不過，他們的分析止於物價水準固定時的情況，而本文擬進一步分析當物 價水準可以調整的情況下，股票價格與匯率的動態調整。並在此假設下，我們將分別 探討物價調整緩慢與物價調整具有伸縮性的情況下，貨幣政策、財政政策與國外利率 水準變動時所引起的股票價格與匯率的動態調整。 本文的討論共分為五章。第二章先就模型的設立做一詳細的說明。第三章則分析物價 調整緩慢的情況下，各種政策及外生變數變動時的效果及其對體系動態調整的影響。 第四章則分析物價調整具有伸縮性時，各種政策及外生變數變動時的效果及其對體系 動態調整之影響。第五章則為本文的結論。