El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar cada una de las 4 dimensiones del modelo Uppsala, “reconocimiento de oportunidades”, “posición de la red de contactos”, “aprendizaje, creación y construcción de la confianza” y “decisiones de relación de compromiso”, las cuales son empleadas por las agro exportadoras hacia Estados Unidos de palta Hass en Ica. Hallando así, diferentes variables dentro de estas dimensiones que se emplean para lograr la internacionalización del agro exportador iqueño. El enfoque de la investigación es mixto, se comenzó con un análisis cualitativo donde se usó como herramienta la entrevista a profundidad, realizada a 6 expertos para poder validar las variables más destacadas dentro las 4 dimensiones establecidas en Uppsala. Luego se realizó el análisis cuantitativo, en donde la herramienta que se empleó fue una encuesta aplicada a las 10 empresas agro exportadoras de palta Hass iqueñas pertenecientes a la población total de la investigación. Analizamos los resultados aplicando el modelo de análisis factorial, el cual nos ayudó a hallar perfiles de las agro exportadoras por cada dimensión. Los resultados obtenidos concluyen que las dimensiones “reconocimiento de oportunidades” y “aprendizaje, creación y construcción de la confianza” del modelo Uppsala son las más influyentes en la internacionalización de la palta Hass de agro exportadoras iqueñas. Asimismo, se concluyó que los factores “estudio de mercado en el país de destino”, “clientes fidelizados”, “empaque perfecto”, “tener mayores ganancias” fueron los que impactaron más en la decisión de estas agro exportadoras para internacionalizar la palta Hass hacia un mercado tan competitivo como es Estados Unidos. / The objective of this research is to analyze each of the 4 dimensions of the Uppsala model, "recognition of opportunities", "position of the network of contacts", "learning, creation and construction of trust" and "decisions of commitment relationship ", Which are used by agricultural exporters to the United States of Hass avocado in Ica. Thus, finding different variables within these dimensions that are used to achieve the internationalization of Ica's agricultural exporter. The research approach is mixed, it began with a qualitative analysis where the in-depth interview was used as a tool, carried out with 6 experts to be able to validate the most outstanding variables within the 4 dimensions established in Uppsala. Then the quantitative analysis was carried out, where the tool that was used was a survey applied to the 10 agro-exporting companies of Hass avocado belonging to the total population of the investigation. We analyzed the results by applying the factor analysis model, which helped us find profiles of agricultural exporters for each dimension. The results obtained conclude that the dimensions "recognition of opportunities" and "learning, creation and construction of trust" of the Uppsala model are the most influential in the internationalization of the Hass avocado from agro-exporters from Ica. Likewise, it was concluded that the factors "market study in the destination country", "loyal customers", "perfect packaging", "having higher profits" were the ones that had the greatest impact on the decision of these agro-exporters to internationalize Hass avocado towards a market as competitive as the United States. / Tesis

Delar av marken i Uppsala består av mäktiga lerlager. Naturliga krypsättningar pågår ständigt i området, en process som i litteraturen benämns geologisk åldring. Ökad belastning i form av uppfyllnad kring byggnader och sänkt grundvattenyta till följd av pumpning av färskvatten bidrar också till sättningar. I ett nybyggt bostadsområde på Kapellgärdet har marksättningarna intill de pålade husen på vissa platser uppgått till 0.3 m på 10 år. Med geotekniska data för området har en jordprofil tolkats. Analys har gjorts utifrån den klassiska sättningsteorin för primärsättningar till av ökade effektivspänningar från fyllnadsmassor och grundvattensänkning. Krypsättningens storlek har uppskattats utifrån erfarenheter vid ett provfält i Stockholm - Mälardalen med liknande jordlagerföljd och geoteknisk egenskaper. De antaganden som görs i den klassiska sättningsmodellen ger en kraftigt förenklad bild av verkligheten, vilket kan leda till stora avvikelser mot det verkliga utfallet. Modellen som används vid beräkning av portrycksutjämningen stämmer inte med verkligheten för den jordlagerföljd som finns på många håll i Stockholm – Mälardalen. Den undre varviga lerans dränerande egenskaper i horisontell riktning och den snabba uttorkningen i den gyttjiga leran kan bidra till det snabba sättningsförloppet. För att bättre kunna förstå sättningsförloppet krävs noggrannare observationer av portrycksutjämningen genom hela leran. Vidare bör bidraget från krypsättningar beaktas, eftersom dessa verkar utgöra en stor del av den totala sättningen. / Parts of the ground in Uppsala consist of thick clay deposits. Natural creep settlements are ongoing in the area due to a process in the literature named geological aging. Increased load on the ground due to fill and lowered groundwater table due to pumping of drinking water are also contributing to settlements. The ground settlements in a new residential area at Kapellgärdet have in parts of the area reached up to 0.3 m during the first 10 years. With geotechnical data from the area, the soil profile has been interpreted. Calculations have been made based on the classic model for primary consolidation caused by increased effective stress from loading and lowered groundwater table. Contribution from creep has been estimated from experience at a test field in Stockholm – Mälardalen with similar soil profile and geotechnical properties. The assumptions made in the classic model provide a simplified picture of the reality, which may lead to large deviations from the actual outcome. The model used in the calculations of pore pressure equalization does not match the reality of the stratigraphy found in many areas in Stockholm – Mälardalen. The drainage properties of the varved clay and the fast desiccation of the muddy clay are thought to contribute to the fast consolidation process. To better understand the consolidation process, more detailed observations of the pore pressure equalization need to be done through the clay. Furthermore, settlement contribution due to creep is needed, as it seems to be a large part of the total settlements.

In the light of the Convention on the Rights of the Child gaining legal status in Sweden this thesis examines the implementation of the convention on a municipal level, specifically the implementation of Article 12 and children’s right to participate in all matters affecting them. With this purpose objectives and means are examined and compared between two municipalities: the municipality of Uppsala and the municipality of Örebro. By creating a frame of analysis based on previous research and theory on children’s participation, a text analysis has been conducted on key municipal policy documents and a case study has been conducted of municipal channels for participation. In conclusion the implementation of Article 12 differs between the municipalities where the responsibility to realize children’s right to participate is a shared responsibility in Örebro municipality in comparison to Uppsala municipality where the responsibility lies with some departments. In Örebro municipality children’s participation is often defined as a right while it in Uppsala municipality often is defined as an instrument to reach other goals. The case study emphasizes the importance of critically examining who actually participates in initiatives for children’s participation, who has power over the agenda and with what effects. For the realization of children’s right to participate initiatives must be inclusive, important and with clear intentions and effects.

This thesis investigates the public transport system in the city of Uppsala in Sweden. This thesis bases itself on the fact that the development of a new ticketing and payment system is about to start. The purpose of the thesis is to help increase the number of journeys travelled with public transport. To achieve this, the goal of the thesis is to present a vision for UL’s new payment and ticketing system with concepts of interaction design in mind whilst investigating whether a simplified system might increase travel with public transport. The thesis uses surveys, interviews and usability testing of the present-day system. The opinions can be summarised such that people in general find difficulties in grasping the different fare zones of the public transport system and do therefore experience difficulties in buying the correct ticket for their specific journey.  The new ticketing system should consist of a redesigned fare structure, where a complete removal of the fare zones would create perhaps the most intuitive ticketing system. The new ticketing system should also be able to handle contactless payments, easing the burden on bus drivers who will not need to issue tickets to passengers. In general, a downscaling of the current ticketing system is preferable to avoid confusing travellers. It is of the essence to consider the ticketing and payment system as a sociotechnical system since investigating neither technology nor people alone will lead to a successfully implemented system. They need to be investigated jointly.

During an excavation at Old Uppsala 571 raw garnets was found. In comparison with similar fragments from other sites in Sweden my aim was to prove a completely domestic production of garnets for cloisonné work. I have chosen to look at the archaeological sites of Old Uppsala, Valsta, Slöinge and Paviken and more closely at the material from Old Uppsala and Valsta. My theoretical framework has been to look at the garnets own agency in the contemporary society. Garnet cloisonné was a popular jewellery form during the Merovingian period on the continent although it came to an end in the early 7th century. It was during this time in Scandinavia a new sort of garnet, technique and paste was introduced and the garnet cloisonné was profoundly used for the gear of the elite and ritual objects. I believe to have showed that from the 7thcentury and onwards the whole production was domestic but further investigation of the garnets, mostly of a chemical nature, is required. / Gamla Uppsala - framväxten av ett mytiskt centrum

Our master dissertation pursued the research question of what the internationalization process of a hybrid firm would look like. To do so, the authors performed an in-depth analysis of a Swedish SME which exhibited characteristics of a hybrid firm. These hybrid firms, as we have named them, use a mixed range of internationalization strategies. An abductive method of research was used in this thesis, as the authors took direction from previous literature and created their own new internationalization process model based on their findings. The main areas of this research focused on the drivers for internationalization and the barriers to internationalization, as well as the market selection and entry mode into foreign countries. This research found that the Swedish SME base their internationalization process on their human resources and the intuition of their management. These two key elements were the foundation for the new hybrid internationalization process model created by the authors.

The thesis investigates how Uppsala University student nations steward their cultural heritage. The survey targets how student nations manage their cultural heritage, what financial priority they give it, their attitude towards it, and their awareness of it.A qualitative study of semi-structured interviews with representatives from 11 out of 13 student nations in Uppsala was implemented. The theoretical framework is based on the theory of David Lowenthal on the importance of cultural heritage, Susan Pearce’s theory on collecting, and Pierre Bourdieu’s theory on cultural capital. To investigate the importance of cultural objects theories by Ivo Maroević, Annette Weiner, and Igor Kopytoff was applied.The survey shows that stewardship of cultural heritage at Uppsala student nations is poor and in need of reform. The survey also shows that the status of the nations’ antiquarians and other responsible officers is low and that antiquarians feel neglected in the priorities of the nation's financial plans. The thesis suggests collaboration between the student nations and Uppsala University as a solution to these problems. This two years master’s thesis could serve as a point of departure for such an initiative.

Syftet med detta examensarbete är att kartlägga potentialen för energieffektiviseringar i småhus och flerbostadshus i Uppsala kommun fram till 2050. Studien inkluderar både befintliga och framtida byggnader. Uppsala kommun arbetar tillsammans med flera olika organisationer i kommunen med att ta fram en ”Färdplan för ett klimatpositivt Uppsala år 2050” (kallad Färdplan 2050), detta med uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket. Målet med Färdplan 2050 är att ta fram en långsiktsprognos för hur Uppsala kommun kan minska utsläppen av växthusgaser med 45 % per invånare till år 2020 jämfört med år 1990. Detta för att sedan nå det långsiktiga målet, ett maximalt koldioxidutsläpp på 0,5 ton per invånare senast 2050. Resultaten från examensarbetet kommer ingå i Färdplan 2050 och på så sätt ligga till grund för kommunens framtida energipolitik.   I examensarbetet bestämdes tre olika framtidsscenarion: referens-, aktörs- samt ett potentialscenario. Referensscenariot beskriver en trolig utveckling av energianvändningen där en ”spontan” energieffektiviseringstakt på 0,4 % per år för småhus och 0,6 % per år för flerbostadshus antas. Aktörscenariot ska inkludera effekter av åtgärder som lokala aktörer genomför eller planerar att genomföra. För flerbostadshus innebär detta en energibesparing på 5,5 % och för småhus saknas ett riktat initiativ att göra mer än snittet i Sverige. Potentialscenariot var ämnat att baseras på energideklarationer gjorda i Uppsala kommun. Åtgärdsförslagen i energideklarationerna var tänk att ligga till grund för energieffektiviseringspotentialen. Det visade sig att åtgärdsförslagen inte var tillräckliga för att kartlägga den energieffektiviseringspotential som fanns i kommunen.   För att kartlägga potentialen för energieffektiviseringar i befintliga byggnader simulerades olika energieffektiviseringsåtgärder på ett antal typhus. Simuleringsprogrammet som användes var VIP-Energy. Simuleringarna resulterade i en potential att minska energiförbrukningen i småhus med 64 % och 45 % för flerbostadshus. Potentialen för framtida byggnader beräknades till ungefär 23 % för bostäder som byggs fram till 2030 och 22 % till år 2050.   Slutsatserna av arbetet är bland annat att BBR:s krav på energiförbrukning i byggnader är för låga för att nå klimatmålen. Simuleringarna av scenarion i LEAP visar att det finns en stor potential för energieffektiviseringar i Uppsala kommun. För att nå potentialen krävs dock mer energieffektiviseringsarbete, både i befintliga byggnader och för nybyggnationer. / The purpose of this report is to examine the energy efficiency potential in Uppsala municipality housings, from today to the year of 2050. The study includes both existing and future housings that will be built during these years. On behalf of Naturvårdsverket, Uppsala municipality cooperates with various organizations to produce an energy roadmap to the year 2050. The aim of the energy roadmap is to present a long-term plan on how the municipality should reach the environmental goals. The results from this report will be the foundation for the energy policy in the future. The report includes three future scenarios; the reference-, actor- and potential scenario. The reference scenario describes a probable development in energy use where spontaneous rate of energy efficiency measures is assumed. The actor scenario presents the effects of present and planned energy saving projects registered by local partners and the potential scenario shows the potential of reducing energy use in housings. Simulation and calculations showed a potential decrease of energy use by 64% in single-family houses, by 45% in apartment buildings and by 23% in future housings. The conclusions of the report are, among others, that BBR´s demands on energy usage are too low to reach the environmental goals and that the energy declarations were not enough to survey the energy efficiency potential. Simulations show that the potential for energy efficiency in Uppsalamunicipality are large. Though, it requires more work concerning energy saving in both existing and future housing to be able to reach the goals.

Uppsatsen presenterar en diplomatarisk utgåva av ett stycke text ur handskriften R 683, från senare hälften av 1600-talet. Texten är en avskrift av delen Gylfaginning ur Snorri Sturlusons Edda enligt versionen nedskriven i handskriften DG 11, från tidigt 1300-tal. Uppsatsens syfte är att presentera en hittils relativt ostuderad text som en självständig skriftprodukt, samt försöka att spåra dess specifika drag som skiljer den från dess ursprungstext samt övriga versioner av Snorris Edda. Undersökningen har genomförts utifrån ett nyfilologiskt perspektiv, inte med tanke på dess relation till övriga versioner utan med fokus på vad som egentligen står i handskriften. Resultatet visar att texten i R 683 skiljer sig något från DG 11, och jämförelseundersökningen med övriga Edda-versioner visar att skrivaren, Jón Rúgmann, använt sig av andra källor för sin avskrift, i synnerhet de i handskrifterna Codex Regius, Codex Wormianus samt Peder Resens (Resenius) utgåva av Laufás Edda. Samtidigt visar skrivarens arbete tecken på en personlig kunskap i den medeltida isländska textproduktionen, vilket förklarar de tillägg och kommentarer som inte är direkt tagna ur texter utan tyder på vidare forskning eller förkunskaper. Slutligen lyfter uppsatsen fram Jón Rúgmanns vetenskapliga förtjänster i den nordiska filologins tidiga etablering i Sverige samt presenterar den stora potential i förbisedda handskrifterna som R 683.

[pt] O objetivo dessa tese é investigar em que medida duas importantes perspectivas teóricas – o modelo de processo de internacionalização de Uppsala e a perspectiva de Born Global - explicam aspectos do processo de internacionalização de uma organização não governamental (ONG) internacional, sob a ótica do processo. Para alcançar este objetivo, esta tese fez uso do método do estudo de caso único longitudinal. O estudo busca preencher uma lacuna teórica, uma vez que poucos estudos acadêmicos foram encontrados sobre o tema. A revisão de literatura compreende uma análise das perspectivas teóricas adotadas, de modo a definir as principais categorias de análise aplicadas ao caso, assim como uma revisão dos conceitos associados a ONGs de forma geral, além de referenciar a limitada literatura encontrada sobre internacionalização dessas organizações. O caso estudado é o da ONG denominada Médicos Sem Fronteiras (Médecin Sans Frontières). A seleção do caso foi feita em função da grande disponibilidade de dados secundários, tais como relatórios, livros, teses, entrevistas publicadas, documentos etc. , uma vez que se trata de uma organização grande e respeitada. O uso de depoimentos publicados foi bastante útil, uma vez que permitiu colher dados em maior profundidade e qualidade do que seria possível utilizando-se entrevistas locais. A análise comportou, inicialmente, uma descrição detalhada do histórico do caso, de modo a oferecer um panorama da evolução da ONG ao longo do tempo. O passo seguinte consistiu na análise das categorias, examinando-se em que medida cada uma das categorias previamente destacadas se manifestaria, ou não, no caso da ONG estudada. Procurou-se, nessa etapa, detalhar dados e depoimentos em suporte à interpretação de cada categoria. Concluiu-se que, de fato, há elementos de confluência entre as duas perspectivas teóricas adotadas, mas que as especificidades das ONGs sugerem a necessidade de adaptação de tais perspectivas ao contexto específico em que atuam essas organizações. O estudo encontra-se limitado pelo fato de analisar um único caso, ainda que em profundidade, sugerindo-se a realização de futuras pesquisas que possam contribuir para o objetivo de conhecer melhor de que forma ocorre o processo de internacionalização dessas organizações. / [en] The purpose of this thesis is to investigate to what extent two important theoretical perspectives - the Uppsala internationalization model and the Born-globals perspective - explain aspects of the internationalization process of an international non-governmental organization (NGO) from the process perspective. To achieve this goal, this thesis made use of a longitudinal single case study method and seeks to fill a theoretical gap, since few studies have been found on the subject. In the literature review section, an analysis of the theoretical perspectives is adopted in order to define the main categories to be applied to the case. Also a review of the concepts associated to NGOs in general and specific studies on internationalization of NGOs are presented. The case studied selected is the NGO called Doctors Without Borders (Médecin Sans Frontières). The selection of this case was made due to the large availability of secondary data, such as reports, books, theses, published interviews, documents, etc. , since it is a large and respected organization. The use of published testimonials was very useful, since it allowed to collect data in greater depth and quality than would be possible using local interviews. The analysis proceeds as following: first, a detailed description of the case history was made in order to provide an overview of the evolution of the NGO over time. Second, the selected categories were analized in order to examine the extent each of it would or would not manifest itself in the case of the NGO studied. At this stage, we sought to detail data and statements to support the interpretation of each category. Overall, there are elements of confluence between the two theoretical perspectives adopted. Nevertheless, as NGOs being a very specific organization, further studies are suggest in order to adapt those perspectives to this specific context in which these kind of organizations operate. The study is limited by the fact that only a single case has been analyse, although in depth, suggesting the continuance of debate in future studies that can contribute to the theorethical development of the internationalization process of these type of organization.