Matsvinn är ett stort problem i dagens samhälle. Störst problematik liggermed de varor som färdats långt och behöver hållas fräscha. Dessa varorfinner man i butikens frukt- och gröntavdelning. För att koppla till vad Livsmedelsverketsäger: “Vilken sorts frukt och grönt som du köper påverkarmiljömålen om en giftfri miljö samt begränsad klimatpåverkan” (Livsmedelsverket,2019). Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur spekulativ- och kritiskdesign och utopism kan användas av produktdesigners för att uppmuntrahållbara köpbeteenden hos kunden i matbutikens frukt- och gröntavdelning.Studien bidrar med kunskap för produktdesigners genom att belysa hur mankan inspirera till reflektion kring hållbar utveckling hos kunden i matbutikengenom att designa utifrån utopism med hjälp av spekulativ- och kritisk design.Studiens kunskapsbidrag innebär alltså ökad förståelse för användningenav dessa designverktyg och även hur man kan implementera utopismi design för hållbar utveckling. Studien kan även bidra till förändrade köpbeteendenhos kunden.Efter idégenerering och skissprocess togs ett beslut, efter samlad empiri, attdesignidén bör bli exempel på ett utopiskt gestaltat scenario för mataffärensfrukt- och gröntavdelning. Scenariot är uppbyggt genom metoder förspekulativ- och kritisk design. Designlösningen svarar endast delvis på minfrågeställning. Detta eftersom utopi som begrepp är väldigt subjektivt. Därförär det svårt att fastställa att mitt koncept för en utopisk butik, verkligen ärutopisk. Forskare talar om utopism som något upplevelsebaserat snarare ännågot konkret och mätbart. Å andra sidan uppfylls syftet att lyfta tankar ochskapa diskussioner, genom designidén. Detta ur genomförd användarstudie. / Food waste is a big problem in today’s society. The biggest problem layswith food produce that has to be transported long distances and requiredifferent steps to keep them fresh during the travel. These kinds of producewould you find in the fruit and- vegetable section at the grocery store. Connectingwith what Livsmedelsverket says: “What kind of fruit and vegetablesyou buy affects the environmental goals of a non-toxic environment andlimited climate impact” (Livsmedelsverket, 2019). The purpose of this studyis to explore how speculative and critical design and utopianism can be usedby product designers to encourage sustainable purchasing behavior by thecostumer at the fruit- and vegetable section at the grocery store. The studycontributes with knowledge for product designers on how to inspire costumersto reflect on sustainable development by designing with utopianism as aguide, with help from speculative- and critical design. Thus, the contributionof knowledge from this study is increased understanding on the use of thesedesign tools and also how designers can implement utopianism in design forsustainable development. The study may also promote changes in purchasingbehaviors. This to encourage sustainable purchasing behaviors.After an ideating and sketching process, a decision was made, after gatheringempirical data, to have the design idea be an example of a utopianmolded scenario for the fruit and- vegetable section at the grocery store.The concept is built on methods for speculative and critical design. Thisdesign idea only partially answers my framing of a question. The reason forthis is that utopianism as a concept in itself, is very subjective. This is why it’sdifficult to determine the design idea to really be utopian. Researchers onutopianism talk more of experiences rather than something concrete that canbe measured. On the other hand, the purpose of encouraging thoughts anddiscussions is something this design idea does fulfill through its user study.

This essay examines the madness portrayed in Selma Lagerlöf’s The Emperor of Portugallia and Olivier Bourdeauts Waiting for Bojangles, in order to identify a conceptual apparatus describing its interaction with the social ordering of reality, using the theoretical concepts of utopia and heterotopia. The concept of utopia used for this essay is the definition formed by Paul Ricoeur and the concept of heterotopia created by Michel Foucault. The examination is carried out by comparing both of the fictive portraits of madness against first Ricoeurs three-legged utopia and secondly against Foucault’s definition of heterotopia. A conclusion is made that the fictive portrait of madness in these two texts generates heterotopias based on utopian fantasies the characters have for their respective existences.

Democracy in Urban Planning, by Christel Lundberg Much activist art take place outdoors, in public spaces, in street activities, etc. Of this reason we´re as activist artists often connected to the subject of planning processes and finds ourselves putting our noses deep down in comprehension plans etc. And since many activist art activities are reactions against exploition plans we´ll soon finds out the irritating fact tha urban planning isn´t a democratic process, despite it´s a process inside a democratic system. Especially this is the case in central planning, which ought to be translatable to ”the planning of central parts of cities, regions and nations”. But instead it´s a definition which means ”centralized planning”. It´s scary to realize that citizens have nothing to say, only used as cosmetic, when there´s need to pretend democracy.There´s a complex relationship between urban or regional planning and participatory democracy which demands research, but this is too often neglected in the every day urban planning processes.But how do we then, as artists apply critical analysis of democracy in our activist projects?As artists ”Public Globality Gardens” made an ”image” of this power-relation when creating an art-installation of a full-scale allotment garden at a central square in Malmö, Sweden. This research of democracy in real life, made four questions especially significant. ”How to rule the vision in relation to the people living in the area?”, ”How to take care of citizens knowledge of an area?” , ”Who´s the speaker of the citizens?” and at last ”Who has the code of entry and who hasn´t and how are we going to deal with that?”.How to rule the vision? Often we think about this relation as something we have to choose between, and the choice has serious implications. It is a strongly hierarchical view, where citizens may get the position in planning in the districts and allowed to participate in less important decisions.How to take care of citizens knowledge? Citizens are not stupid and ignorant but they are often treated as though. The issue is that there ”is no time and no money” to deal with deep knowledge of the citizens. It is not a question about more potted flowers, but an investigation which is in need of professionals with different methods of how to deal with people in this kind of process. How to make people telling what they are not expected to say. It is often better to provide for a situation which is not expected.When the artist group ”Public Globality Gardens” constructed an allotment garden at a central square in Malmö, it was not for the reason that the garden was the aestetical solution for this area, in the contrary, it was to stipulate that this area do have a problem and this art-installation was a position, a not expected one, for the citizens living i the neighbourhood, to fill with whatever they wanted to. ”The allotment garden at S:t Knuts square” was located in Malmö, during the cultivation period May-December in 2003. Since there isn´t much profit in market trade nowadays the square is not used as a market place any more and actually not used in any manner at all. It is a dead urban stone desert. Around the square lives many people, looking down on this empty square suffering from something to happen there. The closest neighbor is the two-laned through route. In this surroundings the allotment garden was built upon the paved market-place with a range of 120 square meters and a height of 1,5 meter. As a ecological remark recycled materials were used for the installation, and the garden rested on 300 loading pallets of different sizes. The installation of this garden really filled a ”black hole” in this district. The artists cultivated together with those living around. A senior and former boxer pre-cultivated leek and harvested potatoes named ”Birgitta”, a danish sort, which we got from the Nordic Gene Bank (a research centre which is preserving old local seeds) and a five year old boy who planted tomatoes and squash in the garden and helped us watering the garden.When developing a sustainable city-planning process it´s important to get a feeling for the area. This ”feeling” is not delivered or provided for you instantly, it takes time. One implication of participatory democracy is the need of more cooperators in this process. ”The Allotment Garden at S:t Knuts Square” was a cooperative project with different professions working together with NGOs and those living around in the districts.”The Allotment Garden at S:t Knuts Square” was a reminder that we need public spaces which are not commercial and invites all citizens. If we do not use them they will become storing places for the public administrations or worse, parking lots. This central allotment was used day and night the hot season of 2003. It was used for small concerts, social meetings, as a resting-place, for political meetings, for sports, sun bathing, lectures, cultivating, people harvested and planted, watered and cared about it. In the nights it was used by young people as a place to meet and talk in a more ”private atmosphere” than public spaces use to be.Does a collective urban garden work? Since the allotment was located at a central public space, the usually private characteristics of gardens had to work together with the fact that everybody were invited to this garden and could do whatever they wanted to do. A common question we had to answer was: Don´t everybody want to vandalize this garden? On the contrary, it was hard to teach people that they were allowed to use the allotment and to harvest herbs, vegetables and rhubarb. Urban life will step by step be improved if we consider urban spaces ”in between” as possibilities for environmental improvement. Who´s the speaker of the citizens?Well, it´s not traditionally the politicians and often not those who carry out the visions, e.g. planners, architects. The problem is often that the visions are missing and the belief in pragmatic rules the planning situation. And for that reason the planners, architects are themselves fighting for their situation. There are visions in the society, but they need more space. Public Globality Gardens has become a voice in Malmö. They are living in the area och participate themselves in the discussion with e.g., local organizations, multi-cultural citizens, individual actors. And it is a voice with visions. It is a habit not to listen to citizens because often they´re not a collective voice, but different people with private interests. This attitude,unfortunately, cause often no problem. But since artist groups are working with the aim to make a collective voice of citizens perspective and give the individual interests a larger perspective, it make demands on the politicians to listen. Who has the code of entry and who hasn´t and how are we going to deal with that?Since there are demands that citizens must get more participatory power in the planning processes the outcome has become a misunderstanding of democracy. It´s not only dangerous when small organizations or agents act on their un-democratic own egoistic interest and not for a good thing for the collective. These forces are the same which is in the frontiers blocking visions. It is not those only who have the correct code and language which we have to listen to, it is as many as possible. And this listening has little to do with democracy processes. It´s more like an understanding of a situation and a platform for the visionary agents in the planning processes to take care of. Un-expected spaces and contexts and with different medias gives a possibility to create new understandings which might be an invitation for former excluded groups to take part in the democratic planning processes. The society and region cannot be sustainable if some groups don´t want to join or feel excluded. We have to understand why they are not interested or why they feel excluded and we have to try to solve these problems. Everybody don´t have to participate, but it´s important that representants from different groups participate. If we only have seniors and middle-aged white citizens in the group we receive a senior-middleaged white answer.Cultivation is a good-working and concrete platform for political discussions, because it is a ambiguous act on nature. It is both anthropocentric and ecocentric; it is both means to control nature as it is a possibility for us to understand and be a part of nature. And politically, when we become landowners, is this in itself a transition from altruism to egoism; or when does the property of landowning become ethical and environmental troublesome. Well, we are not asking people to draw final conclusions of the market economies influence on society, but it is a demand for citizens, not only in Malmö, but all over the world, to react and act upon the increasing domination of financial capital that reaches all countries through globalization. ”The Allotment Garden at S:t Knuts square” was a non-violent contribution to this discussion. It is better to ask: ”What are the problems?” instead of: ”We know you have this or that problem, we have this solution, what do you think, and you have three weeks to make your opinion about this pre-fabricated solution?” The first positions creates political aware citizens, the latter creates non-political citizens. Since it is not only a local question if a green area in Malmö or Copenhagen is exploited or not, but in every sense has regional and global effects and implications. Globally it affects citizens in other areas because of the concrete situation that we´ll have less oxygen supply with the decrease of green areas, and in spite of that the loss of one individual green area doesn´t have huge affect on citizens, what is our reaction if we are summing-up all of the exploited green areas? Maybe we will panic. The global implication of the closing-down of one individual area in Malmö will be that if nobody have a larger view and reacts and acts on this the commercial interests will rule the planning situation and we as citizens become the audience of this tragedy. As artist working in this concrete milieu we are trying to provide a larger view of different local wishes or demands.

Föreliggande studie ämnade att undersöka om den utopiska dokumentärserien Down to Earth with Zac Efron, vars syfte är att inspirera till engagemang för klimatkrisen, förmedlar motsägelsefulla budskap i form av ojämlika maktförhållanden mellan människa och natur samt mellan människor. Tidigare studier på i huvudsak dystopisk miljöinriktad Hollywoodfilm, samt till viss del dokumentärer, har visat att dominanta förhållanden ofta förekommer. Det, liksom den växande debatten om populärkulturens potential i att förmedla kunskap om klimatkrisen och dess bidrag till formandet av samhälleliga attityder, klimatforskares betoning på vikten av social hållbarhet för att lösa den samt trenden med hoppfull klimatkommunikation motiverade behovet av studien. För att identifiera maktförhållanden över natur och människor tog analysen stöd från ekokritisk teori och intersektionalitetsteori. Med hjälp av verktyg från multimodal kritisk diskursanalys och filmanalys undersöktes meningsskapandet mellan text och bild på detaljnivå. Efter utförd analys av dokumentärseriens avsnitt Iceland och Costa Rica har ojämlika maktförhållanden gentemot natur och människor identifierats, med störst betoning på avsaknaden av socialekologiska perspektiv. Slutsatsen grundar sig i den amerikanisering som präglar innehållet, exkluderingen av underrepresenterade grupper och att huvudkaraktären Zac Efron, och delvis kollegan Darin Olien, gestaltas som stereotypa vita män. Även om ekocentriska tankesätt delvis är närvarande, bekräftade bristen på inkludering av social hållbarhet dokumentärseriens misslyckande som en effektiv kunskapskälla till förståelsen av klimatkrisens samtliga delar. / The following study aimed to investigate whether the utopian documentary series Down to Earth with Zac Efron, with the goal to inspire for commitment to the climate crisis, conveys contradictory messages in the form of unequal power relations between humans and nature as well as between people. Previous studies on mainly dystopian environmentally oriented Hollywood films, and to some extent documentaries, have shown that dominant relationships often occur. Together with the growing debate about the potential of popular culture in conveying knowledge about the climate crisis and its contribution to formation of societal attitudes, climate scientists’ emphasis on the importance of social sustainability to solve it and the trend of hopeful climate communication, the need for the study was motivated. In order to identify power relations over nature and people, the analysis was supported by ecocriticism and intersectionality theory. Using a multimodal critical discourse analysis and film analysis, the creation of meaning between text and image was examined at a detailed level. After an analysis of the episodes Iceland and Costa Rica, unequal power relations towards nature and people have been identified with the greatest emphasis on the lack of social ecological perspectives. The conclusion is based on the Americanization that characterizes the content, the exclusion of underrepresented groups and the portrayal of the main character Zac Efron, and partly his colleague Darin Olien, as stereotypical white men. Although ecocentric mindsets are partly present, the lack of inclusion of social sustainability confirms the failure of the documentary series as an effective source of knowledge for understanding all elements of the climate crisis.

Denna studie undersöker hur dystopisk ungdomslitteratur kan integreras i svenskämnet för att främja diskussioner kring demokrati, mänskliga rättigheter och sociala frågor. Med utgångspunkt i läroplanens kapitel om skolans värdegrund och uppdrag har vi analyserat hur teman såsom frihet, demokrati och mänskliga rättigheter framställs i våra utvalda dystopiska verk. Resultaten indikerar att dystopiska berättelser genom sina framställningar av totalitära samhällen erbjuder möjligheter att diskutera värdegrundsrelaterade teman som frihet, individualitet och mänskliga rättigheter. Studien bidrar med insikter om hur dystopiska litterära verk kan användas som pedagogiska verktyg för att engagera elever i värdegrundsfrågor, vilket är centralt i skolans demokratiuppdrag enligt läroplanen.

Ett av vår tids största utmaning är klimatkrisen och hur vi ställer om till ett hållbarare samhälle. Många menar att problematiken ligger i att dagens samhälle verkar i ett tillväxtparadigm som förhindrar omställning, och nedväxtrörelsen menar att detta måste lämnas och istället tänka nedväxt. I denna uppsats intresserar jag mig för hur nedväxtrörelsen ser på klimatomställningen, hur den ska gå till, vilka visioner om framtider vi bör sträva mot och nedväxtrörelsens syn på planeringens roll i dessa visioner.  Studiens har utformats i form av en mixed-method design där en litteraturstudie står i fokus och där forskningslitteratur inom nedväxt har utgjort den huvudsakliga empirin. Empirin har samlats in genom dokumentstudier och intervjuer där urvalet har gjort med hjälp av snöbollsmetoden. Materialet har analyserats utifrån teorin om planeringstänkandet objekt (det som planeras) och subjekt (det som planerar).  Studien kan ur ett nytt perspektiv delvis bekräfta tidigare dragna slutsatser om nedväxtrörelsen visioner om det gemensamma, delande, och lokalt deltagande samhället som deltar via direktdemokrati. Vidare visar studien att detta även genomsyrar synen på planeringsprocessen och planeringens roll. För planeringen förespråkas en kollaborativ och deltagande process där de lokala invånarna är lika mycket experter som planeraren. Dock visar studien också på att det inte endast finns en bild om planeringsobjektet och en bild om planeringssubjektet utan det råder delade meningar inom nedväxtrörelsen, bland annat vilken bebyggelsestruktur som bäst går i linje med nedväxtrörelsens grundidéer. Detta visar på en levande debatt bland aktivister och forskare.

In this thesis, I do a reparative reading of contemporary Swedish comics, that uses feminine signifiers, both in their imagery and writing. A crucial point of departure, in this thesis, is how literature can ”do” theory and be seen as a way of creating knowledge. I explore what the comics does to me, as a reader, and how. I experiment with the form and style of academic writing in order to clearly define my position and situate the production of knowledge. By focusing on the affects and nourishment, that the comics contain, I try to imagine a feminist other, with the help of my figuration: Nietzsche Minaj, and my imaginary utopian place: ”mitt flick(tionella) rum”. I conclude, that the comics both reproduce and transform feminine signifiers, while challenging the idea of dichotomies, in the spirit of gurlesque theory.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

<p>I dagens sekulariserade Sverige har de religiösa ledarnas auktoritära ställning kommit att ersättas av de politiska ledarnas makt som grundläggande samhällsfaktor. Hur framträder den underliggande ideologin i denna kontext? Vilka bilder av värderande karaktär spelar dagens ledare upp för oss? Utifrån synsättet där myten står som symbol för företeelser i verkligheten, ställer jag mig undrande över:</p><p>Vad lyfts fram och vad hålls undan i det politiska talet?</p>

I dagens sekulariserade Sverige har de religiösa ledarnas auktoritära ställning kommit att ersättas av de politiska ledarnas makt som grundläggande samhällsfaktor. Hur framträder den underliggande ideologin i denna kontext? Vilka bilder av värderande karaktär spelar dagens ledare upp för oss? Utifrån synsättet där myten står som symbol för företeelser i verkligheten, ställer jag mig undrande över: Vad lyfts fram och vad hålls undan i det politiska talet?