Lagerhantering anses vara en betydelsefull aktivitet som företag måste ta sig an, då förbättrade metoder kan ha direkt påverkan på resultatet. Produktallokering inom lagret är en av de vitala delarna inom lagerplanering. Detta arbete är en fallstudie där fallet är ett lager hos ett producerande företag med det övergripande syftet att undersöka hur en optimeringsmodell för lagerhantering kan hjälpa organisationer med dess lagerhantering genom att studera rådande processer och utifrån det skapa en optimeringsmodell för att beräkna optimal lagerallokering. Studien har utförts genom en mixad metod, uppdelad i en kvantitativ- och en kvalitativ fas, då forskning hävdar att nyckeln till framgång för effektiv lagerhantering är att matcha policyn med lagrets layout och de ordertyper som lagret hanterar, för att anpassa optimeringsmodellen utifrån det givna fallets policy, lagerlayout och ordertyper. I den första fasen genomfördes en processkartläggning för att bygga upp för optimeringens utformning. Den andra fasen gick ut om att matematiskt beskriva samma problemuppställning och modellera problemet på insamlad kvantitativ data. I processkartläggningsfasen identifierades de två differentieringskriterierna omsättning i enheten sålda paket och förädling i enheten produktionskostnad. Målet med utförd klassificering var att ta fram vilka unika produkter som bör behandlas differentierat och erhålla tilldelad lagring, vilket var en förbättringsmöjlighet funnen i nulägesbeskrivningen. Totalt togs det fram 93 produkter att placera ut på någon av de 220 lagringsplatserna med målet att minimera körsträckan med truck. Jämförelse av målfunktionsvärden mellan optimaluppsättning enlig modell och dagens uppsättning, påvisade en teoretisk besparing av antal körda meter på 35 %. Studiens resultat har påvisat att matematisk modellering och linjärprogrammering går att använda för lagerallokeringsproblem för att optimera produktallokeringen, där den matematiskmodellen baserats på fallspecifika egenskaper. Modellens resultat förväntas underlätta ett antal av de problem som noterats vid kartläggning av lagerhanteringsprocesserna. / Inventory management is considered to be an important activity that companies need to accomplish as improved methods directly can affect the final result. Product allocation within the warehouse is one of the vital parts of inventory management. This report is a case study where a warehouse of a manufacturing company is considered the case. The overall purpose is to investigate how a optimization model can help organizations with their inventory management, by first studying existing processes and based on that create the model to calculate optimal inventory allocation. The study has been conducted through a mixed method, divided into a quantitative and qualitative phase, as research claims that the key to the success of efficient inventory management is to match the layout of the warehouse case policy, stock layout and order types in order to customize the optimization model. In the first phase, a process mapping was conducted to build the optimization design. The second phase was based on mathematically describing the same problem setup, and then to model the problem with collected data. In the process-mapping phase, two differentiation criteria were identified as units sold packages and the unit production cost. The purpose of the classification was to identify which unique products that should be treated differently and receive assigned storage, which was an improvement opportunity found in the case description. A total of 93 products were placed on one of the 220 storage sites, with the aim of minimizing the mileage by truck. Comparison of target function values ​​between the optimal set-up model and the current set, demonstrated a theoretical saving of the number of driven meters of 35%. The study results have shown that mathematical modeling and linear programming can be used for inventory allocation problems to optimize product allocation, where the mathematical model is based on case-specific properties. The model's results are expected to facilitate a number of the problems noted in mapping inventory management processes.

Sandvik Rock Tools is operating in a highly competitive market. This requires them to constantly improve the efficiency of their organization, in order for them to maintain their position as market leaders, both in a short-term and a long-term perspective. Sandvik Rock Tools is currently working on developing and further improving their supply chain. The supply chain is a key organizational function and improvements of the supply chain aim to yield benefits like lowered total costs and better utilized inventory levels. The purpose of our work has been to develop the supply chain between Sandvik’s in-market warehouse and their customer site at Dannemora. The main focus of this thesis has been to enable automatic data collection and to lower the stock levels at the customer site in Dannemora. This would be accomplished by improving the information flow between the two entities in the observed supply chain and by enabling real-time inventory information, easily accessible to the warehouse manager. A barcode system was implemented in the warehouse at the Dannemora customer site and was integrated with warehouse management software that was developed by the authors. The implemented barcode system and the warehouse management software were used at the Dannemora customer site for a period of two months. The effects of the implemented barcode system working in combination with the warehouse management software were observed in several operational areas after implementation, and the results were positive and beneficial. Firstly, the barcode system and warehouse management software simplified the warehouse manager’s decision process, by providing easy access to necessary warehouse management information, like realtime inventory information. Secondly, it made the day-to-day work routine of the warehouse manager easier, this being the case because the barcode system that had been implemented had digitalized and automated many tasks that had previously been performed manually by warehouse manager. An excellent example would be the simplified process for order placement and stocktaking. Thirdly, it improved the information flow between the Dannemora customer site and Sandvik’s in-market warehouse in Sandviken, thereby improving the overall effectiveness of the entire supply chain, through shared information. The barcode implementation successfully lowered inventory levels by six percent on average.

在此網路普及、電子商務發展、全球化經營等趨勢下，倉儲管理要面對的是更有效與精確的處理以及儲存更多的品項，以較低的成本並滿足多樣的顧客需求；為維持企業競爭力，倉儲技術已經成為企業營運在產業競爭中的關鍵議題。 本研究是一個探索性的個案研究，研究對象為PCHome24小時購物事業部，分析基本架構為Chen(1996)所提出的動態競爭理論架構。依據PCHome論述有關倉儲管理的創新技術，透過專利資料分析，先以宏觀的角度來探討類似之倉儲管理技術樣貌，再以微觀的層面，探討其他擁有關聯性技術資源的廠商和PCHome 24小時購物之競爭關係以及策略。 研究結果顯示，擁有與PCHome 24小時購物創新倉儲管理類似技術的專利權人，其所屬於產業有與PCHome 24小時購物相同的電子商務，其他還有製造、健康照護、軟體資訊以及供應鍵自動化系統顧問服務業等，呈現多廣泛多元。依據Chen(1996)的動態競爭理論架構分析發現，擁有與PCHome所論述之創新倉儲管理技術概念類似技術專利的廠商，在不同的產業，依不同的市場共同性與專利技術資源相似程度，產生不同的市場策略與技術專利策略。其中包含PCHome面對相同市場時的優先專利佈局以防堵競爭對手進入策略，或透過專利訴訟發動攻擊性行動；面對已被專利的技術特徵時做回避以及差異化專利佈局以保護市場的防禦性行動；透過不同市場的相關專利技術做交叉授權或直接併購/取得技術專利授權，以強化自身專利技術來確保市場競爭力；以及最後，將其倉儲創新技術專利化商品化來開拓新市場，以及透過專利授權來賺取授權金以增加營收等策略。 / Basing on the popularity of internet, development of e-commerce, and business globalization, enterprises need more efficient and accurate warehouse management technology to meet diverse customer needs. In order to maintain the competitiveness of enterprises, innovative technology has become a key issue of the enterprises operating in industrial competition. This study is an exploratory case study and we select PCHome 24-hour Shopping as the subject. The foundation of this study is basing on the theoretical framework of dynamic competitive proposed by Chen (1996). According to the PCHome discourse on the warehouse management of innovative technologies, we started with the macro perspective to explore the similar appearance of the technologies basing on patent analysis; and then, to the micro level, we investigate the other enterprises which have similar technical resources and discuss their competitive relationship and business strategy of PChome. The results show that, the patentees which have similar technologies patents belong to diverse industries including e-commerce, manufacturing, health care, software information technology and supply chain automation systems consultancy services. Basing on the dynamic competitive framework, PCHome would produce different market strategy and patent strategy to the patentees depending on the market commonality and patented technology resources similarity. These competitive strategies include launching offensive action through patent litigation or attempt to prevent the entry strategies of competitors. Facing to the patentee who has patented similar technology, PCHome should avoid patented technical features and differentiate patent portfolio to protect the market. Further, through cross-licensing patented technology or directly to M & A / access to relate technology patents could strengthens the innovative technology to ensure market competitiveness. And finally, patenting or commercializing the innovative technologies could develop new markets, as well as through patents to earn licensing fees to increase revenues.

El presente trabajo se ha llevado a cabo con la finalidad de encontrar la solución a la deficiente gestión logística que presenta una empresa del sector eléctrica única en su operatividad dentro del país, a través de la mejora en sus procesos aplicando herramientas Lean para poder aumentar la eficiencia en calidad de servicio y reducir los tiempos de atención de órdenes de compra que se generan por procedimientos que no agregan valor. A través de un análisis interno y, a su vez, externo, se busca reducir los problemas que generan retrasos en el área e insatisfacción del cliente mediante herramientas de Ingeniería Industrial y el soporte de estudios y literatura especializada en el tema. Así también, proponer un modelo ágil para reducir tiempos de atención y validarlo con expertos en temas relacionados a Mejora de Procesos y metodología Lean. / This research has been carried out to find a solution to the poor logistics management presented by a company in the electricity sector that is unique in its operation within the country, through the improvement of its processes by applying Lean tools in order to increase efficiency in service quality and reduce the times of attention of purchase orders that are transferred by procedures that are not in accordance with the value. Through an internal and, in turn, external analysis, it seeks to reduce the problems that may be delayed in the area and customer dissatisfaction through Industrial Engineering tools and the support of studies and specialized literature on the subject. Then, propose an agile model to reduce service times and validate it with experts on issues related to Process Improvement and Lean Methodology. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Las estrategias Lean en el sector Textil, la mayoría de las veces, están aplicadas en el área de producción con el objetivo de mejorar la productividad, reducir tiempos y errores en la producción, entre otros. Sin embargo, también hay estudios documentados, los cuales no son comunes en la literatura, para mejorar las operaciones de almacenamiento utilizando estas estrategias. En este estudio se muestra la implementación de la herramienta Lean 5S Hibrida en el almacén de una empresa textil en Lima. El objetivo de la implementación fue mejorar la productividad en el almacén, ya que presentaban altos tiempos en la búsqueda de materiales lo cual reducía el tiempo de producción; redistribuir el almacén, utilizando mejor el espacio que se tiene y poder ubicar los materiales principales de manera estratégica. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: aumento de la productividad en el almacén en 3.95 veces a la inicial, una exactitud de registro de inventarios de 98.17%, se redujeron los tiempos de búsqueda de requerimientos en un 66.12% (de 25 a 8 minutos) y se obtuvo una rotación de inventario de 6.22. / Lean strategies in the Textile sector, most of the time, are applied in the production area with the aim of improving productivity, reducing production times and errors, among others. However, there are also documented studies, which are not common in the literature, to improve storage operations using these strategies. This study shows the implementation of the Lean 5S Hybrid tool in the warehouse of a textile company in Lima. The objective of the implementation was to improve productivity in the warehouse, as they had high times in the search for materials which reduced production time; redistribute the warehouse, better using the space you have and be able to locate the main materials strategically. The results obtained were: increased productivity in the warehouse by 3.95 times to the initial, an inventory registration accuracy of 98.17%, reduced requirements search times by 66.12% (from 25 to 8 minutes) and obtained an inventory rotation of 6.22. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

The diploma thesis aims to explain, demonstrate and verify the basic practical principles and methods of warehouse management system. This thesis could be used as an advanced guide for warehouse management system software. All this by using own knowledge and experience acquired by practical and purposeful activities done in co-operation with ORYX GROUP Ltd. which is one of the few companies in the Czech Republic developing similar systems.

La gestión de almacén y compras en las pymes peruanas con producción a pedido presentan dificultades a diferencia de las grandes empresas, así, se tiene personal poco calificado, falta de financiamiento, pequeños tamaños de stock, procesos no definidos, ineficiente comunicación entre áreas y baja prioridad por parte de los proveedores. Por ello, no se puede aplicar los modelos de gestión de las grandes empresas. En adición, los modelos hallados, respecto a la gestión de compras y almacén, no se acoplan a las necesidades de una pyme textil con producción a pedidos, ya que emplean conceptos complejos especializados en gestión, herramientas y/o sistemas de información cuya implementación resulta en un presupuesto elevado, no asequible. En este trabajo se propone un modelo gestión de compras-almacén (MGCA) orientado a las pymes de producción a pedido para reducir la frecuencia de compras innecesarias que ocasiona sobrestock y prevenir roturas de stock. Este contempla procesos simples y flexibles, una guía de implementación e indicadores que puedan ayudar a la gestión; a su vez, se basan en los pilares del ISO 9001, JIT, gestión del cambio y sistemas de información. Un estudio de caso en una pyme textil peruana muestra que el modelo propuesto es fácil de implementar y que mejora la calidad de los materiales en un 37.50 %, el abastecimiento oportuno en 62.50 % respecto a los proveedores, la rotación de inventarios incrementó en 55.61 %, el cumplimiento de despachos internos en 28.77 % respecto a producción, los pedidos conformes recepcionados en 30.14 % y el clima organizacional aumentó en 22.77 %. / Warehouse management and purchases in Peruvian SMEs with production to order present difficulties unlike big companies, such as low-skilled personnel, lack of financing, small stock sizes, undefined processes, inefficient communication between areas and low priority for part of the vendors. For this reason, the management models of big companies cannot be applied. In addition, the models found regarding purchasing and warehouse management do not fit the needs of a textile SME with production to order, since they use complex concepts specialized in management, tools and / or information systems whose implementation results in a high budget, not affordable. This thesis proposes a purchasing-warehouse management model (MGCA) aimed at production-to-order SMEs to reduce the frequency of unnecessary purchases that cause overstock and prevent stock outs. This includes simple and flexible processes, an implementation guide and indicators that can help management; in turn, they are based on the pillars of ISO 9001, JIT, change management and information systems. A case study in a Peruvian textile SME shows that the proposed model is easy to implement and that it improves the quality of materials by 37.50%, timely supply by 62.50% compared to suppliers, and inventory turnover increased by 55.61% , the fulfillment of internal dispatches in 28.77% with respect to production, the conforming orders received in 30.14% and the organizational climate increased in 22.77%. / Tesis

Sammanfattning Syfte: Syftet med detta examensarbete är att skapa ett ramverk för att underlätta valet av automatisk identifieringsteknik för tillverkningsföretag med tillhörande lagerhanteringsprocesser. Syftet är också att identifiera brister i Emballator Lagan Plasts nutida spårbarhetslösning, tillämpa ramverket för att välja en lämplig automatisk identifieringsteknik och utforma en bättre framtida spårbarhetslösning.  Metod: Denna studie är baserad i kvalitativ forskningsmetod och inkluderar en systematisk litteraturstudie, en intervjustudie och en fallstudie. Data till första forskningsfrågan insamlades genom en systematisk litteraturstudie och en intervjustudie med expert inom automatiska identifieringstekniker. Data till forskningsfråga två insamlades genom intervjuer med anställda hos Emballator Lagan Plast tillsammans med vetenskapliga artiklar.  Resultat: Genom att analysera data från den systematiska litteraturstudien gentemot data från intervjustudien sammanställdes ramverket för val av automatisk identifieringsteknik. Baserat på intervjuer med anställda identifierades brister i den nuvarande spårbarhetslösningen hos Emballator Lagan Plast. Ramverket tillämpades sedan för att välja automatisk identiferingsteknik som en del av den framtida spårbarhetslösningen. Den framtida spårbarhetslösningen baseras på 2D-streckkoder, förändringar i lagerhanteringsprocesserna samt mer utnyttjande av det tillgängliga lagerhanteringsystemet. / Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to create a framework for manufacturing companies to facilitate the choice of auto-id technology. The purpose is also to identify faults in the current traceability solution at Emballator Lagan Plast, apply the framework to choose an auto-id technology and to suggest the future traceability solution.  Method: This thesis is based on qualitative method and includes a systematic literature review, an interview study and a case study. For research question one data was gathered through a systematic literature review and through an interview with an expert in the field of auto-id technologies. For research question two data was gathered through interviews with employees at Emballator Lagan Plast together with scientific articles.  Results: By analysing data from the systematic literature review and the interview the framework for choosing an auto-id technology was established. Based on interviews with employees’ faults in the current traceability solution at Emballator Lagan Plast was identified. The framework was applied to choose an auto-id technology as a part of the future traceability solution. The future traceability solution consists of 2D-barcodes, changes in warehouse processes and increased utilization of the warehouse management system.

El presente estudio tiene como finalidad la reducción del tiempo de preparación de kits (set de repuestos de mantenimiento) en el almacén principal de la empresa Volvo Perú S.A. Para ello, se propone el diseño de un sistema de preparación de pedidos aplicando herramientas de la filosofía Lean. En efecto, el proyecto se divide en cinco (05) capítulos: estado del arte/marco teórico, diagnóstico del problema, diseño de la solución, validación, y conclusiones y recomendaciones. El primer capítulo presenta los conceptos teóricos que son necesarios para el desarrollo del estudio. Asimismo, se presentan diversas investigaciones y casos de éxito que se enfocan en nuestro tema de interés. En el segundo capítulo, se describe la organización en la que se realiza el estudio, se identifica la problemática, se desarrolla un análisis de las causas y se plantea el objetivo del proyecto. Para esta fase se emplean herramientas como análisis ABC, VSM, toma de tiempos, árbol de problemas, entre otras. El tercer capítulo consiste en el diseño de nuestro sistema de preparación de pedidos propuesto. Para ello, se presenta la vinculación de las causas con la solución, así como el desarrollo de la propuesta. En esta etapa se usan herramientas de la filosofía Lean tales como las 5’S y el sistema Kanban. En el cuarto capítulo se valida la efectividad de la solución diseñada a través de su implementación y medición de impactos. Finalmente, se presentan las conclusiones del estudio y las sugerencias que deben ser consideradas para próximas investigaciones. / The purpose of this study is to reduce the kits’ preparation time in the main warehouse of the company Volvo Peru S.A. In order to achieve that goal, the design of an order preparation system is proposed using tools of the Lean philosophy. In fact, the project is divided into five (05) chapters: state of the art / theoretical framework, diagnosis of the problem, design of the solution, validation, and conclusions and recommendations. The first chapter presents the theoretical concepts that are necessary for the development of the study. Likewise, various investigations and success stories that focus on our topic of interest are presented. In the second chapter, the organization in which the study is carried out is described, the problem is identified, the analysis of the causes is developed and the objective of the project is stated. For this phase, tools such as ABC analysis, VSM, time taking, problem tree, among others, are used. The third chapter describes the design of our order picking system proposal. For this, the link of the causes with the solution is presented, as well as the development of the proposal. In this stage, tools of the Lean philosophy such as the 5's and the Kanban system are used. In the fourth chapter, the effectiveness of the designed solution is validated through its implementation and impact measurement. Finally, the conclusions of the study and the suggestions that should be considered for future research are presented. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

ABSTRACT Date: 2nd June 2024  Level: Master thesis in Product and Process Development, advanced level, 30 credits Institution: School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Mälardalen University Author: Raiman Darman, 25th April 2000, Jasmin Alhaj, 12th Mars 1998 Title: Improving the Material Flow through Just-in-time Tutor: Ola Wassenius & Oliver Söderlund, ABB Robotics, Mats Ahlskog, Mälardalen University  Keywords: Material flow,  Just-in-time, Lean production, Warehouse management system Purpose: The purpose of this master thesis is to explore how Just-in-time principles can be applied to improve the internal material flow and to identify necessary functionalities in the warehouse management system to support Just-in-time. Research questions:  Q1: How can the material flow in production systems be improved by implementing Just-In-time? Q2: What type of functionality is needed in the warehouse management system to support Just-in-time? Method: This study employs qualitative research and an abductive approach to achieve its objectives. Data collection is categorized into secondary research, involving a review of existing literature, and primary research, which includes a case study conducted through interviews and observations. Both semi-structured and unstructured interviews were employed with the case company and the benchmarking organization. The use of benchmarking allows for the comparison of organizational practices, challenges, and outcomes, aiding in identifying areas for improvement and gaining insights into effective strategies. Conclusion: Addressing the first research question, the material flow can be improved by transitioning to a pull-based system and implementing concepts such as supermarkets and point-of-use storage. Furthermore, integrating automated systems for tracking cart availability and establishing clear protocols for standardized work procedures are crucial. Real-time communication and coordination between departments, facilitated by advanced solutions like real-time visibility screens, are also ways of improving the material flow.  Addressing the second research question, it's critical to integrate the internal WMS with the SAP ERP software, address communication gaps, provide comprehensive user training and support, streamline task sequencing, and conduct regular system updates and maintenance. / SAMMANFATTNING Datum: 2 juni 2024 Nivå: Examensarbete i produkt- och processutveckling, avancerad nivå, 30 hp Institution: Akademin för Innovation, Design och Teknik, IDT, Mälardalens universitet  Författare: Raiman Darman, 25 april 2000, Jasmin Alhaj, 12 mars 1998 Titel: Förbättra materialflödet genom Just-in-time Handledare: Ola Wassenius & Oliver Söderlund, ABB Robotics, Mats Ahlskog, Mälardalens Universitet Nyckelord:  Materialflöde, Just-in-time, Lean production, lagerhanteringssystem Syfte: Undersöka hur Just-in-time-principer kan tillämpas för att förbättra det interna materialflödet och att identifiera nödvändiga funktioner i lagringshanteringssystemet för att stödja Just-in-time.  Frågeställningar: F1: Hur kan materialflödet i produktionssystemen förbättras genom att implementera Just-in-time? F2: Vilken typ av funktionalitet behövs i lagerhanteringssystemet för att stödja Just-in-time? Metod: Denna studie använder kvalitativ forskning och en abduktiv metod för att uppnå sina mål. Datainsamlingen kategoriseras i sekundär forskning, med en genomgång av befintlig litteratur, och primär forskning, som inkluderar en fallstudie genomförd genom intervjuer och observationer. Både semistrukturerade och ostrukturerade intervjuer används med caseföretaget och benchmarkingorganisationen. Användningen av benchmarking gör det möjligt att jämföra organisatoriska metoder, utmaningar och resultat, vilket hjälper till att identifiera områden för förbättringar och få insikter i effektiva strategier. Slutsats: Genom att ta itu med den första forskningsfrågan kan materialflödet förbättras genom att gå över till ett pull-baserat system och implementera koncept som stormarknader och point-of-use. Dessutom är det avgörande att integrera automatiserade system för att spåra vagnens tillgänglighet och upprätta tydliga protokoll för standardiserade arbetsprocedurer. Kommunikation i realtid och koordinering mellan avdelningar, underlättat av avancerade lösningar som skärmar i realtid, är också sätt att förbättra materialflödet. För att ta itu med den andra forskningsfrågan är det viktigt att integrera det interna WMS med SAP ERP-programvaran, åtgärda kommunikationsluckor, tillhandahålla omfattande användarutbildning och support, effektivisera uppgiftssekvenseringen och genomföra regelbundna systemuppdateringar och underhåll.