Studien kommer med stöd av befintlig teori gå in mer på detalj kring tre utvalda skånska kommuner som under 2020 sålt en signifikant andel av sitt fastighetsbestånd. Syftet är att undersöka anledningar till försäljning och hur avyttringarna ställer sig i förhållande tillkommunernas bostadsförsörjningsansvar och lagen om kommunala bostadsaktiebolags (SFS 2010:879) villkor att agera utifrån affärsmässiga principer. Med ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt med kvantitativa inslag har en sammanfattning gjorts av skånska kommuners försäljningar och soliditet där en mer detaljerad dokumentanalys påbörjades utav kommuner som skiljde sig från resterande. I det här fallet valdes Trelleborgshem, Bjuvsbostäder och Skurupshem. Empirisk data samlades in från offentliga dokument från kommunala ärenden för att sedan analyseras i förhållande till relevant teori.  Den gemensamma anledningen till att de tre olika kommunerna sålde andelar av fastighetsbeståndet var att de behövde frigöra kapital, men kapitalets planerade användningsområde varierade. Trelleborgshem ville bygga nya bostäder, Skurupshem ville underhålla befintligt bestånd och bygga ett antal nya bostäder medan Bjuvsbostäder frigjorde kapital främst för utdelning till Bjuvs kommun som hade skulder att betala av. Det finns entydlig ideologisk koppling mellan inställning till försäljning och partitillhörighet i beslutsprocessen för alla tre kommuner. Ledamöter i högerpolitiska partier röstar ofta till fördel för en försäljning medan ledamöter i vänsterpartier röstar mot. Försäljningarna konstateras ha en viss påverkan på kommunernas möjligheter att uppfylla sitt bostadsförsörjningsansvar. Trelleborgshem och Bjuvsbostäder varnade kommunerna att deras möjligheter att bidra till att bostadsförsörjningsansvaret för kommunen minskar i och med försäljningen, medan Skurupshem var i samtyckte med Skurups kommun att en försäljning behövdes för att öka möjligheten att uppfylla bostadsförsörjningsansvaret. Trelleborgshem och Skurupshem agerade affärsmässigt med försäljningen genom att sälja delar av sitt bestånd för finansiering till projekt. Trelleborghem ansåg dock att försäljningen kunde förbättras utifrån en affärsmässig grund. Bjuvsbostäder anser att deras försäljning är ekonomiskt förödande och skapar negativt resultat, vilket är i direkt konflikt med affärsmässiga principer. Bjuvs kommun menar däremot att Bjuvsbostäder överdriver om påverkan på lönsamheten. Om försäljningens förhåller sig till affärsmässiga principer går inte att avgöra i dagsläget eftersom den ekonomiska påverkan är långsiktig. / Based on earlier studies, a study has been established to examine why three prevailing municipalities, during 2020 decided to sell parts of their portfolio and how this coincides with their legislated responsibility to provide housing to their citizens. Furthermore, an examination has been made on the sales’ intrusion on the legislated terms of business-like principles. Using a qualitative method with an element of a quantitative concept, a summary of Scanian municipalities’ sales along with their solidity has been done which helped initiate a more detailed document analysis based on differencing values. In this case the chosen municipal housing companies were Trelleborgshem, Bjuvsbostäder and Skurupshem. Empirical data was gathered from publicly available documents from municipalities, which were then analysed in relation to relevant theories.  The common reason for the three municipalities to sell shares of their property portfolio was the need to liquidate capital while the planned area of usage differed. Trelleborgshem wanted to construct new housing while Skurupshem wanted to perform maintenance on existing properties and construct some new housing. Bjuvsbostäder’s reason to sell was to distribute capital to the municipality for them to pay off debts. There is a distinct ideological connection between the outlook of selling and which political party the members of the municipality belong to. Members in right winged parties often vote in favour of selling while left winged party members vote against it. The sales are stated to have a certain effect on the municipalities’ ability to provide housing to their citizens. Trelleborgshem and Bjuvsbostäder warned their respective municipalities that their ability to provide housing was affected by the sales while Skurupshem and Skurup’s municipality agreed that the sale was needed to fulfil their responsibility to provide housing.  Trelleborgshem and Skurupshem acted on business-like principles by selling parts of their property portfolio to be able to finance their new projects, although Trelleborgshem considered there to be room for improvement based on business-like values. Bjuvsbostäder considers their sale to be economically devastating for creating negative results, which is in direct conflict with business-like principles, while Bjuv’s municipality considers Bjuvsbostäder’s analysis on the economic consequences to be flawed. Whether the sale is in accordance with business-like principles, will not be noticeable in current time since the results can change long term.

Most mature oil reservoirs or fields tend to perform below expectations, owing to high level of associated gas production. This creates a sub-optimal performance of the oil production surface facilities; increasing oil production specific operating cost. In many scenarios oil companies flare/vent this gas. In addition to oil production constraints, associated gas flaring and venting consists an environmental disasters and economic waste. Significant steps are now being devised to utilise associated gas using different exploitation techniques. Most of the technologies requires large associated gas throughput. However, small-scale associated gas resources and non-associated natural gas reserves (commonly referred to as stranded gas or marginal field) remains largely unexploited. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to evaluate techno- economic of gas turbine engines for onsite electric power generation called gas- to-wire (GTW) using the small-scaled associated gas resources. The range of stranded flared associated gas and non-associated gas reserves considered is around 10 billion to 1 trillion standard cubic feet undergoing production decline. The gas turbine engines considered for power plant in this study are based on simple cycle or combustion turbines. Simple cycle choice of power-plant is conceived to meet certain flexibility in power plant capacity factor and availability during production decline. In addition, it represents the basic power plant module cable of being developed into other power plant types in future to meet different local energy requirements. This study developed a novel gas-to-wire techno-economic and risk analysis framework, with capability for probabilistic uncertainty analysis using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method. It comprises an iterative calculation of the probabilistic recoverable reserves with decline module and power plant thermodynamic performance module enabled by Turbomatch (an in-house code) and Gas Turb® software coupled with economic risk modules with @Risk® commercial software. This algorithm is a useful tool for simulating the interaction between disrupted gas production profiles induced by production decline and its effect on power plant techno-economic performance over associated gas utilization economic life. Furthermore, a divestment and make- up fuel protocol is proposed for management of gas turbine engine units to mitigate economical underperformance of power plant regime experienced due to production decline. The results show that utilization of associated gas for onsite power generation is a promising technology for converting waste to energy. Though, associated gas composition can be significant to gas turbine performance but a typical Nigerian associated gas considered is as good as a regular natural gas. The majority of capital investment risk is associated with production decline both natural and manmade. Finally, the rate of capital investment returns decreases with smaller reserves.

Le dessaisissement est une notion aux contours incertains, comme en témoignent la diversité de ses occurrences et les domaines variés dans lesquels il évolue. A l’étude, il semble qu’il puisse être conçu de manière autonome comme étant la mesure, judiciaire ou contractuelle, par laquelle le titulaire d’un droit voit celui-ci amputé de tout ou partie des pouvoirs qui y sont attachés, ceux qui lui sont ainsi retirés étant transférés à une autre personne, le saisi, qui les exerce seul ou conjointement avec lui, le dessaisi. Le dessaisissement est principalement mis en œuvre par deux techniques : la représentation judiciaire et le transfert fiduciaire. Il y est chaque fois animé par une double idée. D’un côté, la réponse à un souci de compétence et d’efficacité juridique, qui impose de circonscrire les cas dans lesquels le dessaisissement peut être judiciairement imposé ou contractuellement consenti. D’un autre côté, la protection du dessaisi. La mesure confère au saisi des pouvoirs attachés à des droits dont il n’est pas titulaire. Ce transfert présente le risque de permettre au saisi de conclure des actes qui engagent le dessaisi, sans que ce dernier ne puisse en être, seul, valablement l'auteur. Tout cela mérite de prêter attention à la manière dont le dessaisissement est mis en œuvre, exécuté, contrôlé et cesse. Mais la dualité de la notion de dessaisissement empêche l’unification parfaite de son régime. / Divestment is a concept with uncertain contours, as evidenced by the diversity of its examples and the various fields in which it evolves. In the study, it seems that an autonomous notion of divestment emerges as the measure, judicial or contractual, by which the holder of a right sees that right removed of all or part of the powers attached to it. Those powers being transferred to another person, the granted person, who exercises them alone or jointly with the divested. Divestment is mainly implemented by two techniques: judicial representation and fiduciary assignment. It is always driven by a double idea. On the one hand, the concern for competence and legal efficiency which requires that the cases in which divestment may be judicially imposed or contractually consented be limited. On the other hand, the protection of the divested of his powers. This measure confers on a person, the person granted, the powers attached to the rights of which he or she is not the holder. This transfer presents the risk of allowing the person to whom the powers are granted to act in a way which binds the divested, without the latter being the sole and valid author. All this merits attention to the way in which divestment is implemented, executed, controlled and terminated. The duality of the notion of prevents a one-size-fits-all solution to its implementation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T14:10:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pierre Ribeiro Siqueira.pdf: 1967772 bytes, checksum: ade8653e22f44b04bdabb8077ae0cba8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-30 / Multinational companies (MNCs) often are restructuring and making new prioritization of investment resource allocations in their subsidiaries. The Foreign Divestment (FD) is a strategic assignment and decisionsof the MNEs top management. However, the research topic of divestment is less researched in the literature of international business. In the infrastructure industry, specifically in the economic basic sanitation sector, there was an inflow of MNCs in Brazil in the 90s. After a decade, these corporations have lined up with a homogeneous reverse movement, when they sold their operations in Brazil. The aim of this study is an in-depth investigation of the causes that led to the FD decision, and therefore it has the least favorable sector to new features for universal provision of services. The literature review is based on international divestment as well as the features and institutional aspects that guided the way in which established firm competition. In addition, we discussed the firm internal factors and the psychic distance to the business economic viability. The study was based on a qualitative in-depth research to identify the FD phenomenon through semi-structured interviews with experts who were in decision-making positions in the international investment maturation period. The findings show that the divestments in foreign subsidiaries of MNCs in the Brazilian market had a strong correlation with global macroeconomic aspects of business economic viability in Brazil and competition rules imposed by sectorial idiosyncrasies. The methodology used content analysis and emerged new opportunities in future research on innovation and technological interdependence. / Empresas Multinacionais (EMNs) praticam frequentemente reestruturações e redefinições com novas priorizações de alocação de recursos de investimentos em suas subsidiárias. O Desinvestimento Direto Estrangeiro (DDE) é atribuição estratégica em decisões da alta gestão da EMN, entretanto, estudada com menor intensidade por acadêmicos especializados em Negócios Internacionais. Na área de infraestrutura, especificamente no setor econômico de Saneamento Ambiental, houve um fluxo de entrada de EMNs no Brasil nos anos 90. Após uma década, estas corporações realizaram um movimento inverso homogêneo ao venderam suas operações no Brasil. O objetivo desta dissertação consiste na pesquisa em profundidade das causas que levaram a decisão de DDE, e consequentemente tornou o setor menos propício a novos recursos para universalização da prestação dos seus serviços. Foram utilizados referenciais teóricos de desinvestimento internacional, bem como as características e propósitos institucionais que orientaram a forma em que se estabeleceu a concorrência. Adicionalmente, foram discutidos os fatores internos de firma e a distância psíquica para viabilidade econômica do negócio. O estudo baseou-se em pesquisa qualitativa em profundidade para identificar o fenômeno de DDE por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com especialistas que estavam em posições de decisão no período de maturação do investimento internacional. Os resultados mostram que os desinvestimentos das subsidiárias estrangeiras de EMNs no Brasil tiveram forte correlação com aspectos macroeconômicos mundiais, de viabilidade do negócio no Brasil e regras de concorrência impostas pelas idiossincrasias setoriais. A metodologia utilizada de análise de conteúdo fez emergir novas oportunidades de aprofundamento em pesquisas futuras sobre inovação e interdependência tecnológica.

Avyttringen och ombildningen av kommunala och privata bostadshyresfastigheter till bostadsrättsföreningar har blivit ett allt vanligare fenomen under de senaste decennierna. Främst sker avyttringen i Stockholms kommun. Syftet med denna uppsats är att mäta om prissättningen vid utförsäljning av bostadshyresfastigheter inom Stockholms kommun skiljer sig beroende på om säljaren varit privat eller ett allmännyttigt kommunalt bolag. För att undersöka detta har olika regressionsmodeller applicerats på data över fastighetsprisregistret under två mandatperioder. Resultatet visar en tydlig prisskillnad mellan kommunala avyttringar och privata inom samma områdesindelning. Skillnaden i prissättning innebär att kommunala fastighetsbolag har realiserat ut och omfördelat skattebetalarnas pengar, till ett värde som kan uppgå till så mycket som 3,23 miljarder kronor räknat i 2010 års penningvärde. Sannolikt är en sådan förmögenhetsomfördelning inte samhällsekonomisk effektiv. Vidare torde den motverka syftet med hyreslagsstiftningen. / In the Swedish market for multi-family housing, investment properties are often sold to the tenants who thus convert the property into co-operative housing. This is particularly true in attractive housing location where the existing rent control is in practice binding for all residential rental units. It is somewhat less self-evident that multi-family properties owned by the municipality (not-for-profit, council housing) would also be subject to such conversions. This is, however, quite common, particularly in Stockholm. The aim of this paper is to estimate whether council housing is generally sold to the tenants with a discount, as compared to the market prices of transactions where private property companies sell their properties. We use regression techniques applied to data from the official record of real property transactions. We find a significant price difference between the two categories of transactions. Council housing is sold out at a discount price and we estimate that a total value of some 3.23 billion SEK may have been redistributed from the taxpayers to the housing purchasers in these transactions. This program is probably not efficient from a public economic perspective. Furthermore, it counteracts the purpose of the current rent control legislation.

No description available.

The exogenous shock that Russia's invasion of Ukraine entailed brought great challenges and demands for change in companies worldwide. Governing under these conditions is not easy, nor is knowing what is actually right to do. There is research on turbulent environments and exogenous shocks, divestments, and legitimacy, but research on the interaction between these is limited. In this study, we examine how companies have responded to exogenous shocks, more specifically how Swedish MNCs have acted and communicated as a result of Russia's invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The study consists of 69 Swedish MNCs that were active in Russia pre-invasion and their communications and actions as a result of this event, with data drawn from press releases, company reports, state registers and the media. The results show that many of the examined companies have acted in a similar way and divested the Russian market, albeit with varying quickness and forcefulness, thus adopting an approach consistent with what may be considered to be a legitimate strategy, with a few exceptions where the companies' actions has not been as consistent. What this means is that despite the fact that these decisions are made by the respective company management, the measures are generally in line with each other, which may be a result of pressure from both internal and external stakeholders and society at large.

Palestine is known as the birthplace of Christianity. However the Christian population of this land is relatively insignificant today, despite the continuing institutional legacy that the 19th century Western missionary focus on the region created. Palestinian Christians are often forced to employ politically astute as well as theologically radical means in their efforts to appear relevant within an increasingly Islamist-oriented society. My thesis focuses on two ecumenical Christian organisations within Palestine, the Sabeel Ecumenical Liberation Theology Centre in Jerusalem (headed by the Anglican cleric Naim Stifan Ateek) and Dar Annadwa Addawliyya (the International Centre of Bethlehem-ICB, directed by the Lutheran theologian Mitri Raheb). Based on my field work (consisting of an in-depth familiarisation with the two organisations in Palestine and interviews with their directors, office-staff and supporters worldwide, as well as data analyses based on an extensive literature review), I argue that the grassroots-oriented educational, humanitarian, cultural and contextual theological approach favoured by the ICB in Bethlehem is more relevant to the Palestinian situation, than the more sectarian and Western-oriented approach of the Sabeel Centre. These two groups are analysed primarily according to their theological-political approaches. One, (Sabeel), has sought to develop a critical Christian response to the Palestine-Israel conflict using the politico-theological tool of liberation theology, albeit with a strongly ecumenical Western-oriented focus, while the other (ICB), insists that its theological orientation draws primarily from the Levantine Christian (and in their particular case, the Palestinian Lutheran) context in which Christians in Israel-Palestine are placed. Raheb of the ICB has tried to develop a contextual theology that seeks to root the political and cultural development of the Palestinian people within their own Eastern Christian context and in light of their peculiarly restricted life under an Israeli occupation regime of over 40 years. In the process, I argue that the ICB has sought to be much more situationally relevant to the needs of the Palestinian people in the West Bank, given the employment, socio-cultural and humanitarian-health opportunities opened up by the practical-institution building efforts of this organisation in Bethlehem.

民營化政策的發展，是近十幾年來經濟自由化理念下的一個鮮明趨勢，亦是各國公部門改革運動的有力工具。在財政負擔及經濟發展的壓力下，各國政府皆審思其定位無法事必躬親，故轉為尋求「小而能」、「小而美」的政策導航角色，企圖引進市場機制來降低成本並增進生產力，以提供良好的營運品質及便利的服務。 但衡諸國外先進國家公營事業民營化之經驗，民營化的方式大致分為三類： 一、最狹義的民營化：所有權移轉，如出售或移轉官股或公產； 二、狹義的民營化：經營權移轉，如公營事業部分或全部委由民間經營或代理。 三、廣義的民營化：修改立法開放市場，迫使公營事業在市場機制的競爭壓力下，調整經營體制採取企業經營原則。 公營事業對於我國經濟發展初期，確實背負政策性任務、具有國家經濟發展的正面意義，但因國內外經濟環境急遽變化、產業技術日新月異，商機瞬息萬變，公營事業受限於法令束縛，經營逐漸僵化，經營的困境與劣勢逐一浮現，所以在國際化、自由化的趨勢下，為了提升國家競爭力、維持經濟長期發展，政府必須營造公平、開放及競爭的市場環境，讓企業的活力與效率能儘量發揮，以有效提升整個社會資源運用的效率，創造全民最大的利益，所以公營事業的民營化是刻不容緩的工作。 但檢視我國行政院自七十八年七月成立跨部會的「公營事業民營化推動專案小組」，負責修訂民營化相關法令，審議民營化執行方案，並將二十二家公營事業列為第一波移轉民營的對象，依「公營事業移轉民營條例」及施行細則的規定，民營化執行策略僅限於「股權釋出」及「資產出售」，但因法規規定未盡周延、釋股方式及員工權益保障等因素引起爭議，使此階段民營化的推動過程並不順利，多項計畫亦未能依原訂期程執行。 在民國八十五年十二月底召開的「國家發展會議」之「經濟發展」議題中提出「加速公營事業民營化」的子題，重新對民營化政策作一檢討，除了課以執行單位五年內完成民營化的責任與壓力外，另擴大民營化範圍與執行方式，除了「股權釋出」及「資產出售」之所有權移轉外，另增列了委託經營或租賃等經營權移轉的方式，俾能更有效的引進民間企業精神，以提升公部門的經營效率。 另外，政府積極進行加入世界貿易組織與建立臺灣成為亞太營運中心工作，此二項重要經濟政策的共同精神都在強調自由化與國際化，由減少政府管制，擴大民間參與，讓市場機能得以發揮。同時行政院在八十七年元月提出「政府再造綱領」，希望引進企業管理精神，建立創新、彈性、有應變能力的政府，以提升國家競爭力。其中「法制再造推動計畫」就以公營事業民營化、獎勵民間參與公共建設及政府業委託民間辦理，並檢討修正或廢止各項不當限制市場競爭及不便民的業務法令等項目，以作為調整政府角色的重點工作。 台北市政府推動所有權移轉的民營化政策，係依「國家發展會議」的決議及行政院「公營事業民營化推動專案小組」第十次會議決議，決定台北銀行及台北市政府印刷所民營化。而台北市政府對於委託民間經營因部分不涉及所有權的變化，市府各局處在不涉及公權力、及例行性的業務大都已採行民營化，而近年新成立的市立萬芳醫院及市立兒童交通博物館採取全部業務皆以委託民間辦理的情形。以上民營化的推動，對於公部門組織的運作不啻是一大挑戰，相關的推動法令、配套措施、員工權益補償的保障、移撥安置的作業，在在都須要執行專案小組、執行機關與民營化對象的相互配合、溝通，以使民營化政策能順利的推動。 大體而言，本文研究的主要理念，即想結合公營事業民營化政策的理論與實務，探討如何因應經營體質及性質的差異，公部門對於標的對象所採用的執行策略該如何抉擇、篩選；同時，標的對象的選定及其支持與配合是民營化推動順利與否的重要關鍵因素之一。政府部門不能過度簡化民營化問題，將所有不同經營性質的公營事業皆以相同的執行策略來完成，同時政府部門亦不應以相同單一法規－「公營事業移轉民營條例」及施行細則，套用在各種不同制度之公營事業對象的員工。在理論基礎與實務狀況的了解釐清後，綜合文獻探討、個案研究及訪談資料等研究結果評析台北市政府及中央的民營化政策執行策略與對象選擇的關係，並提出建議，以供未來推動民營化政策的參考。 民營化對象與執行策略選擇關係之研究－以台北市政府為例 目 錄 第一章：緒論 第一節：研究動機與目的 第二節：研究範圍與架構 第三節：研究方法與途徑 第四節：研究流程與限制 第五節、章節安排 第二章：民營化理論探討 第一節：公營事業的性質及潛在危機 第二節：民營化理論 第三節：民營化對象分析 第四節：民營化執行策略及選擇機制 第五節、民營化文獻的回顧與檢討 小結 第三章：我國推動公營事業民營化現況 第一節：公營事業民營化政策的演進 第二節：我國民營化政策推動組織、程序及執行策略 第三節：我國推行民營化相關法令及措施 第四節：我國民營化問題的解決－建構公私部門合作策略 小結 第四章：個案探討－台北市政府推動民營化案例 第一節：台北市政府推動民營化政策之現況與法令依據 第二節：台北市政府撤資型民營化個案分析 壹、股權釋出－台北銀行 貳、資產出售－台北市政府印刷所 第三節：台北市政府委託民間經營案例及概況 壹、 台北市政府市有財產委託經營之法令依據 貳、 台北市政府市有財產委託經營之概況 參、 台北市政府市有財產委託經營之方式 第四節：台北市政府委託型民營化個案分析 壹、 台北市立萬芳醫院 貳、 台北市立兒童交通博物館 第五節：台北市政府民營化個案優缺點比較分析 第六節：改進台北市政府民營化政策推行之建議 小結 第五章：結論與建議 第一節：結論 第二節：建議 參考書目 附錄一：台北市政府推動民營化相關法規 附錄二：訪談資料

Appelés à s’appliquer concurremment pour traiter les difficultés d’une société, il est classiquement considéré que les relations entre le droit des sociétés et le droit des entreprises en difficulté se résument à des conflits pouvant être résolus en faisant prévaloir le « droit spécial » des procédures collectives sur le « droit commun » des sociétés. Cette analyse a perdu de sa pertinence en raison de la mutation du droit des faillites en droit des entreprises en difficulté dont la finalité, le contenu, et le domaine d’application ont profondément changé, ainsi qu’en raison de la contractualisation des deux matières. Ces évolutions ont induit une appréhension nouvelle de celles-ci. Sont en effet recherchées, tant par les sociétés en difficulté que par leurs créanciers, les potentialités de l’association du droit des sociétés et du droit des entreprises en difficulté pour organiser le rebond d’une société défaillante. Leurs relations en droit positif s’avèrent ainsi plus subtiles et plus complexes. Une synergie existe entre elles lors du règlement à l’amiable des difficultés, tandis qu’une véritable soumission du droit des sociétés au droit des entreprises en difficulté peut être constatée lors du règlement judiciaire des difficultés. Malgré des origines distinctes, des finalités propres, et des fonctions radicalement opposées, une logique anime les relations des deux matières révélant un corpus légal et jurisprudentiel utilisé pour le règlement des difficultés qui témoigne de l’existence d’un droit des sociétés en difficulté. / It is commonly understood that, when considering ailing companies, the conflicts that arise between concurrently applicable corporate law and insolvency law can be solved with “special law” that prevails over “ordinary law”. This understanding has lost some relevance through the transformation of “bankruptcy law” into “distressed business law”. The trend towards the use of explicit contracts in these fields is bringing about a change in their finality, content and scope. This evolution of corporate law and insolvency law is creating new apprehension on the part of both the distressed company and the creditors, with the result that both parties are looking for means to combine these subjects when organising the recovery of an ailing firm. Their coexistence in substantive law turns out to be even more subtle and complex. In the case of an amicable settlement of a dispute, a synergy exists between corporate law and insolvency law whereas when a settlement is imposed under court supervision, the prevalence of insolvency law over corporate law is notable. Despite distinct origins, differing finality and radically opposing functions, a common logic motivates the relation between corporate law and insolvency law revealing a legal corpus and case law as a testament to the existence of an “ailing company law”.