nÃo hà / Infraestrutura adequada à condiÃÃo essencial para o crescimento de qualquer paÃs, sobretudo em paÃses em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, que alÃm de significativas restriÃÃes fiscais possui larga extensÃo territorial. PaÃses que enfrentaram este tipo de problema encontraram como alternativa para o seu desenvolvimento o parceiro privado, que ao longo do tempo participou atuando de diferentes formas neste processo. Muitas foram Ãs experiÃncias adotadas na busca por melhoria e viabilidade de investimentos para a oferta de serviÃos pÃblicos. O presente trabalho faz um rÃpido relato dessa evoluÃÃo e se detÃm de forma mais especÃfica na nova modalidade de contrataÃÃo por meio da Parceria PÃblico-Privada, em que o pÃblico busca um aumento da eficiÃncia e eficÃcia em seus serviÃos. Aborda os processos envolvidos para os estudos de modelagem, utilizando ou nÃo o Procedimento de ManifestaÃÃo de Interesse, bem como o enquadramento e anÃlise da conveniÃncia e oportunidade por meio do Value for Money. Apresenta e analisa a experiÃncia do Governo do Estado do Cearà na elaboraÃÃo, execuÃÃo e monitoramento do projeto da Arena CastelÃo implantado, identificando seus aspectos positivos e negativos. / Adequate infrastructure is essential for the growth of any country, especially in developing countries such as Brazil, which in addition to significant fiscal constraints has large territorial extension. Countries that have faced this type of problem found as an alternative for its development the private partner, which over time took acting in different ways in this process. Many experiments have been adopted in the search for improvement and investment feasibility for the provision of public services. The present study is a quick account of this evolution and hold more specifically in the new mode of contracting through the Public- Private Partnership, in which the public seeks to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their services through this modality. Discusses the processes involved for modeling studies, using or not the Expression of Interest Procedure as well as the framework and analysis of convenience and opportunity through Value for Money. Presents and analyzes the experience of the State of Cearà in the preparation, implementation and monitoring of the project implanted Arena CastelÃo, identifying their strengths and weaknesses.

Submitted by Nelson Danilo Sykora (sykora1@gmail.com) on 2013-07-08T21:29:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese _ Nelson D Sykora.pdf: 1461672 bytes, checksum: 6346c144802522b574a243adb52ade3c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-08-13T19:44:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese _ Nelson D Sykora.pdf: 1461672 bytes, checksum: 6346c144802522b574a243adb52ade3c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-13T19:45:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese _ Nelson D Sykora.pdf: 1461672 bytes, checksum: 6346c144802522b574a243adb52ade3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-28 / The relationship between spot and future market and commodity price Backwardation have had an emphasis on the literature of economics and finance. The aim of this paper is to present the main causes responsible for the behavior of Backwardation and to identify the properties that characterize the equilibrium in agricultural commodit y prices. Be the existence of risk premium or the convenience yield, the unders tanding of the effects on the replication of future price and on the term structure of commodity prices remains an open issue. On the other hand, t he p remise of perfect p ortfolio replication and the absence of market frictions imply that the understanding of c ommodity price Backwardation comes from the understanding of the stochastic process of the underlying asset itself . The risk - neutral pricing allied with signs of reversion in prices supports pricing models such as Schwartz and Smith (2000), whose calibration and results will be presented for soybeans. / A relação entre preços do mercado spot e do mercado futuro e a evidência de Mercado Invertido (backwardation) na estrutura a termo de commodities têm tido ênfase na literatura de economia e de finanças. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar as principais causas responsáveis pelo comportamento de Mercado Invertido e identificar as propriedades que caracterizam o equilíbrio de preços em commodities agrícolas. Seja pela existência de prêmio de risco ou do benefício de conveniência, o entendimento dos efeitos sobre a replicação do preço futuro e sobre a estrutura a termo de preços ainda permanece em aberto. A premissa de perfeita replicação de portfólios e a ausência de fricções de mercado implicam, por outro lado, que o entendimento do comportamento de Mercado Invertido advém da compreensão do processo estocástico do próprio ativo subjacente. O apreçamento neutro ao risco, amparado pelos sinais de reversão de preços, permite a modelagem de preços conforme o proposto em Schwartz e Smith (2000), cuja calibração e os resultados serão apresentados para a soja.

Certains Etats pratiquent la libre immatriculation, également connue sous le terme péjoratif de « pavillons de complaisance » : ils enregistrent des navires chez eux sans considération de la nationalité ou de la résidence effective des propriétaires, et leur permettent ainsi d’échapper au cadre légal de leur pays d’origine. Aspect de la mondialisation, le phénomène qui a pris de l’ampleur dans les 30 dernières années est aujourd’hui largement répandu, voire universel.Au-delà des aspects juridiques (chaque Etat organise son droit à immatriculer les navires), la libre immatriculation a des conséquences économiques fortes car la législation de l’Etat d’immatriculation – dit « Etat du pavillon » – détermine certains coûts ou certaines facilités pour l’entreprise qui l’adopte.Le présent travail propose une lecture de la libre immatriculation des navires en tant qu’objet récent de la science économique et tente, à ce titre, de lever le voile sur la portée de cette activité sur les pays d’accueil, en prenant le cadre restreint de petites économies insulaires de la Caraïbe, berceau historique de cette activité et des centres financiers offshore.Sur la base de données économiques sur 30 ans concernant 7 pays de libre immatriculation de la Caraïbe (produits intérieurs bruts et éléments des balances des paiements), la recherche menée montre qu’hormis peut-être le cas à approfondir d’Antigua, aucune corrélation significative n’existe entre le nombre de navires immatriculés et les gains économiques dans les pays d’accueil. Ces résultats vont dans le sens des critiques de la libre immatriculation : cette activité ne présente pas, en soi, un gain pour les petites économies insulaires étudiées. / Some States host Open Registers (also known under the pejorative term of “flags of convenience”): ships are registered regardless of their actual owners’ nationality or residence, and thus States enable them to escape from their country of origin’s legal framework. By being an aspect of globalization, this phenomenon has been growing up for 30 years, and is nowadays widespread, or even universal. Because each State fixes the conditions for implementation of its right to register ships, the phenomenon is a legal one. But it has strong economic implications too. Indeed, the laws of the State of registration – namely “flag state” – determine certain costs or some advantages for the company that adopts it, and can be attractive or repellent as for them.This work proposes an economic reading of the open registers of ships as a recent object of economics and tries to highlight the contribution of this activity to small islands’ economies, especially through some Caribbean examples (the Caribbean is by the way the historical cradle of this activity and offshore financial centres).Based on data concerning the last 30 years and 7 open-registry countries of the Caribbean (Gross Domestic Products and some items of the balances of payments), the research conducted here shows that, except perhaps Antigua, no significant correlation exists in host countries between the fleets registered and the economic gains : the “open registration” is not, by itself, a gain for small island economies surveyed.

No description available.

En los últimos años, las tiendas por conveniencia han tenido un gran crecimiento en la mayoría de los distritos de Lima y dentro de algunas provincias del Perú. Estas han venido posicionándose y ganando una gran parte del mercado peruano. Los centros comerciales y las bodegas tradicionales se han visto afectados por este nuevo tipo de tiendas. El presente estudio tiene por finalidad identificar los principales factores que influyen en la decisión de compra de los clientes de las tiendas por conveniencia en el distrito de Santiago de Surco antes y durante el periodo de inmovilización social del año 2020 empleando el modelo de la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado (TPB). El documento consta de 4 capítulos: Capítulo 1: se encuentra la introducción. Capítulo 2: se detalla el marco teórico donde están los antecedentes, el estado de la cuestión, los puntos caves de este proyecto y algunos conceptos generales que aportan a la investigación. Capítulo 3: indica el plan de investigación, el cual se refiere al problema principal, las hipótesis y los objetivos planteados para el desarrollo de este trabajo de investigación. Capítulo 4: se explica la metodología del trabajo, las variables, la cobertura de estudio, encuestas y el tamaño de muestra para esta investigación. Capítulo 5: se realiza el desarrollo numérico mediante gráficos y tablas de los softwares correspondientes que comprueban las hipótesis y objetivos de la investigación. Capitulo 6: se encuentran las conclusiones y recomendaciones que arrojan los resultados del presente proyecto. / In recent years, convenience stores have had great growth in most of Lima's districts and many states of Peru. These have been positioning themselves and gaining a large part of the Peruvian market. Shopping malls and traditional wineries have been affected by this new type of store. The purpose of this study is to identify the main factors influencing the purchase decision of convenience store customers in the Santiago de Surco district before and during the period of social immobilization in 2020 using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The document consists of 4 chapters: Chapter 1: Introduction. Chapter 2: Theoretical framework where the background, the state of the question, the key points of this project and some general concepts that contribute to the research are detailed. Chapter 3: Indicates the research plan, which refers to the main problem, the hypotheses and the objectives set for the development of this research work. Chapter 4: Methodology, variables, study coverage, surveys, and sample size for this research are explained. Chapter 5: Numerical development is carried out by means of graphs and tables of the corresponding software that verify the hypotheses and objectives of the investigation. Chapter 6: Conclusions and recommendations of the results of this project are found. / Tesis

Background: Improved clinical effectiveness and therefore positive modification of multiple sclerosis (MS) with basic therapy can be achieved by long-term regular intake of drugs as prescribed but investigations have shown that a high percentage of patients do not take their medications as prescribed. Objectives: We assessed the satisfaction and adherence of patients with MS with their current disease-modifying treatment under clinical practice conditions. We compared different facets of satisfaction as well as their internal relationship and identified predictors in an exploratory manner. Methods: Therapy satisfaction in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (THEPAMS) was a noninterventional, prospective cross-sectional study performed throughout Germany in 2013 and 2014, and included patients with clinically isolated syndrome or relapsing–remitting MS. We applied a standardized approach to document satisfaction and adherence by patient-reported outcomes (Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication) as well as by physician ratings. Results: Of 3312 patients with a mean age of 43.7 years, 73.3% were women and the mean level of disability according to the Expanded Disability Status Scale was 2.29; 13.3% did not receive any medication at the time of documentation, 21.3% received interferon β1a intramuscularly, 20.7% had interferon β1a subcutaneously, 17.0% had interferon β1b subcutaneously and 23.7% had glatiramer acetate. Adherence rates varied between 60% (lifetime) and 96.5% (current medication). Differences between current medications were found for side effects and convenience scores but not for effectiveness, satisfaction and adherence. Higher global satisfaction and effectiveness were associated with fewer relapses, longer duration of medication, lower disability score and the absence of several side effects. Conclusion: In a connected model of patient satisfaction, effectiveness, side effects, convenience and adherence, patients’ individual needs and concerns have to be addressed. Most differences were found with respect to side effects and convenience of treatment. Therefore, an improvement in these two domains seems to be the most promising proximate approach to elevate adherence levels.

Las empresas se enfrentan a más competidores y tienen la necesidad de diferenciarse y no solo adaptarse para obtener la preferencia del público. Es así que los formatos de tiendas de conveniencia brindan una inmediatez y cercanía para la compra. Estas empresas deben dirigir esfuerzos a generar satisfacción en el cliente sobre todo de la generación Millennial que tienen necesidades particulares. Por ello, la investigación realizada busca determinar el efecto del tiempo de espera, atributos de tienda y calidad del servicio en la satisfacción del cliente de la generación Millennial. El enfoque utilizado fue de tipo cuantitativo, de alcance correlacional - causal, y de corte transversal y la herramienta utilizada fue la encuesta, se realizaron 464 cuestionarios. Entre los principales hallazgos están que Tambo fue la tienda más visitada por los clientes encuestados. Además, se concluye que el tiempo de espera, los atributos de tienda y la calidad de servicio sí afectan en la satisfacción del cliente con un 95% de confianza. Del mismo modo, se puede observar que la calidad de servicio es el factor más relevante y que el precio tiene un coeficiente negativo en la satisfacción del cliente, lo que se explica de manera positiva, ya que a menor precio mayor es la satisfacción del cliente. Por último, se afirma que los clientes tienen predisposición a esperar en cola, pero que al momento de elegir la opción de compra optarán por el establecimiento que les genere un menor tiempo de espera. / Companies face more competitors and have the need to differentiate themselves and not just adapt to obtain the preference of the public. Thus, the formats of convenience stores provide immediacy and closeness to the purchase. These companies must direct efforts to generate customer satisfaction, especially for the Millennial generation who have particular needs. For this reason, the research carried out seeks to determine the effect of waiting time, store attributes and service quality on customer satisfaction of the Millennial generation. The approach used was quantitative, correlational-causal, and cross-sectional and the tool used was the survey, 464 questionnaires were performed. Among the main findings are that Tambo was the most visited store by the surveyed customers. In addition, it is concluded that waiting time, store attributes and quality of service do affect customer satisfaction with 95% confidence. In the same way, it can be observed that the quality of service is the most relevant factor and that the price has a negative coefficient on customer satisfaction, which is explained in a positive way, since the lower the price, the higher the customer satisfaction. Finally, it is stated that customers have a predisposition to wait in line, but that when choosing the purchase option, they will opt for the establishment that generates the least waiting time. / Tesis

La sociedad ha cambiado, es así como también el retail ha tenido que evolucionar para adaptarse a las necesidades y nuevos requerimientos de los consumidores. Las tiendas de conveniencia, formato dentro del sector retail, han tenido gran aceptación en el mercado peruano, ya que durante los últimos años hemos visto cómo locales de este tipo han incrementado en la ciudad formando parte casi de nuestro día a día. Sin embargo, en la actualidad no solo basta estar cerca del consumidor, sino entender qué necesita. La presente investigación dentro de la limitación de su población de estudio tiene como objetivo comprobar la influencia de la exposición y variedad de productos en el grado de preferencia de los consumidores en las tiendas de conveniencia. La metodología empleada en esta investigación fue cuantitativa no probabilística con un instrumento aplicado a 400 personas en un muestreo por cuotas para analizar variables como los atributos de tienda, motivos de selección y el comportamiento del consumidor. / Society has changed, this is how retail has also had to evolve to adapt to the needs and new requirements of consumers. Convenience stores, a format within the retail sector, have had great acceptance in the Peruvian market, since in recent years we have seen how stores of this type have increased in the city, almost forming part of our daily routine. However, nowadays it is not only enough to be close to the consumer, but to understand what their needs are. The present investigation within the limitation of its study population aims to verify the influence of exposure and product mix on the consumer’s choice preference in convenience stores. The methodology used in this research was quantitative non-probabilistic with an instrument applied to 400 people in a quota sampling to analyze variables such as store attributes, selection reasons and consumer behavior. / Tesis

De senaste åren har kantats av en ökad e-handel samt allt högre krav från kunder på leveransalternativ. Paketbox är ett leveransalternativ som ökar alltmer i popularitet men är i Sverige fortfarande under utveckling. Två branscher där de flesta kunder har e-handlat från är apoteksbranschen och modebranschen. Dessutom har dessa branscher haft en tydlig tillväxt de senaste åren. Tidigare forskning om paketbox dock begränsad, framför allt i Sverige. Således är syftet med studien att kartlägga vilka faktorer som är viktiga för kunder vid användning av paketbox som leveransalternativ i Sverige vid e-handel från apoteks- respektive modebranschen. Utifrån detta syfte konstruerades följande två forskningsfrågor: ”Vilka faktorer är viktiga för kunder vid användning av paketbox som leveransalternativ vid e-handel från apoteks- respektive modebranschen?” samt ”Vilka faktorskillnader och -likheter finns det för kunder vid användning av paketbox som leveransalternativ vid e-handel från apoteks- respektive modebranschen?”. I linje med syftet och för att skapa en generaliserbarhet valdes en kvantitativ metod i form av en enkätundersökning. Faktorerna som undersöktes var leveranstid, geografisk bekvämlighet, öppettider, miljömässig hållbarhet, användarvänlighet och undvikande av mänsklig interaktion. Resultaten visar att samtliga faktorer var viktiga för paketboxanvändare men i olika grad. Däremot fanns det faktorskillnader vid paketbox som leveransalternativ vid e-handel från apoteks- respektive modebranschen för två av de sex undersökta faktorerna. Leveranstid visade sig vara viktigare för kunder vid paketbox som leveransalternativ vid e-handel från apoteksbranschen. Miljömässig hållbarhet var däremot viktigare för kunder vid paketbox som leveransalternativ vid e-handel från modebranschen. Således bidrar denna studie med kunskap om vad kunder upplever som viktigt vid paketboxanvändning. Vidare belyser studien att det finns faktorskillnader vid e-handel via paketbox från apoteks- respektive modebranschen. Studiens bidrag öppnar upp för vidare forskning inom ämnet för branschskillnader vid paketboxanvändning och vad det kan bero på. / In recent years, e-commerce as well as customer demands regarding delivery options have increased. The parcel locker is a delivery option that is increasing in popularity, but it is still under development in Sweden. Two industries where most customers have e-shopped from are the pharmacy- and the fashion industries. In addition, these industries have had a distinct growth in recent years. Previous research on parcel lockers is limited, especially in Sweden. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to map which factors are important when using parcel locker as a delivery option in Sweden when e-shopping from the pharmacy and fashion industries. Based on this purpose, the following two research questions were constructed: "What factors are important for customers' use of parcel locker as a delivery option when e-shopping from pharmacy and fashion industries?" and "What factor differences and similarities for customers can be found when using parcel locker as a delivery option when e-shopping from pharmacy and fashion industries?". In line with this purpose and to create a generalizability, a quantitative method was chosen in the form of a survey. Factors examined were delivery time, geographical convenience, opening hours, environmental sustainability, ease of use and avoidance of human interaction. The results show that all factors were important for parcel locker users but to varying degrees. On the other hand, there were factor differences for two of the six factors when customers use parcel locker as a delivery option when e-shopping from the pharmacy and fashion industries. Delivery time proved to be more important for parcel locker users when e-shopping from the pharmacy industry. Environmental sustainability, on the other hand, proved to be more important for parcel locker users when e-shopping from the fashion industry. This study contributes with knowledge of what could be perceived as important when using parcel lockers. Furthermore, this study highlights that there are factor differences when e-shopping via parcel lockers from pharmacy and fashion industries. The study's contribution opens for further research regarding how customer preferences about parcel lockers differ when e-shopping from different industries.

Study Objective The objectives of this study are: (1) to explore the impact of the national consolidated guidelines for Option B+ PMTCT on the work of healthcare professionals at both clinical and management levels (including nurses, physicians and management) (2) to understand pregnant HIV-positive women views and experiences with ART for life, as a way to better manage the Option B+ PMTCT programme within state hospitals Research Questions The following research questions will be used to explore both perceptions of healthcare professionals and patients: 1.How have the national consolidated guidelines for Option B+ PMTCT affected the work of healthcare professionals? 2.What are pregnant HIV-positive women’s views and experiences about going on lifetime treatment with ARVs? / ABSTRACT Background. South Africa’s National Department of Health has adopted World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2013 consolidated guidelines on the use of ARVs for treatment and prevention of HIV infection. The guidelines include changes for prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) through Option B+. Option B+ aims to reduce the HIV prevalence rate amongst these women by placing them on ART for life, no matter their CD4 count. As a result, in January 2015, these guidelines were implemented for the PMTCT programme at RMMCH. Little is known about the impact of these new guidelines on the work of healthcare professionals in state hospitals. Most importantly, no research has focused on how these changes have affected adherence for the patients. Purpose. The purpose of this research project is (1) to explore the impact of the Option B+ PMTCT programme on the work of healthcare professionals, and (2) to understand pregnant HIV-positive women views and experiences with ART for life, as a way to better manage the Option B+ PMTCT programme. Methods. A qualitative study design is used with a phenomenological approach. The methodology uses demographic questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals and patients. The study is situated in Johannesburg, South Africa. Findings. The findings demonstrate that work has changed and become difficult to manage for all healthcare professionals because of (1) the need for strengthening indicators for tracking to decrease loss to follow-up (LTFU); (2) inconsistency in delivery of counseling and support services and the need for communication across clinical departments; and (3) the lack of compassion and understanding by service providers. The difficult healthcare environment has affected overall views and experiences of pregnant HIV-positive women going on ART for life. All 55 patient participants responded that they chose to take the fixed-dose combination (FDC) for life to protect the health of the baby and felt ART for life can be stopped after giving birth. Conclusion. Implications for future research include the need to address changes within the healthcare system at both clinical and management levels. It is crucial to incorporate the perspective of patients in policy implementation; uptake and adherence are key indicators in informing whether the Option B+ PMTCT programme is being adapted into state hospitals effectively. There needs to be extensive research on how to strengthen indicators for long term scalability and sustainability of the programme. Future evaluations need to address, will interdisciplinary collaboration within hospitals improve the management and understanding of Option B+? / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)