Aim:The purpose of this study is to investigate whether an investor will have to s acrifice their expectations of return by investing in a responsible way. Theory: The thesis is based on the efficient market hypothesis through the modern portfolio theory to make it possible to test whether the investor will have to sacrifice return after taking into account of the risk. To measure the risk-adjusted return we used Sharpe ratio, the Modigliani-Modigliani (M2), Jensen's alpha, which later on is the basis for the study's results and conclusion. Method: The study is a quantitative survey with a deductive approach where the selected theories determined what data is collected. Based on these theories we construct a hypothesis that this study later intended to test. Data was collected from Bloomberg. Conclusion: The study shows that several ethical indexes have a higher return while at the same time showing a higher risk-adjusted return. This higher risk-adjusted return is not statistically significant except for a few of the measured markets. The study also shows that the ethical indexes generally have a lower 𝛽, which can be interpreted as a lower systematic risk. Meanwhile the tracking error / active risk is higher and the screened indexes therefore should not be compared with say, index funds. When taken into account the longer period active risk levels match actively managed funds. As in previous studies, this study did not show any significant difference in risk-adjusted returns but a higher risk.

本論文以77年1月至87年12月為研究期間，選擇這段期間的97家上市公司作為研究樣本。首先探討四種分析指標，淨值/市價比、益本比、市價/銷貨比、企業價值/銷貨比作為投資指標的報酬表現與適用時機；另以三種因子利用迴歸模型預測股價報酬組成投資組合，檢視在未來是否有好的績效表現。本研究實證結果如下: 1、 淨值/市價比是一個好的投資指標，在半年期投資期間與一年投 資期間，高淨值/市價比組合的風險調整後報酬率皆超越低淨值/市價比的組合，而以一年持有期間與多頭時期此情況更為明顯。 2、 低益本比組合報酬率在多頭時期明顯大於高益本比組別，而，而在空頭時期則不明顯。 3、 低價格/銷貨比組合風險調整後報酬率優於高價格/銷貨比組合，而其中以一年為投資期間績效表現較好。 4、 低企業價值/銷貨比組合表現比高企業價值/銷貨比組合好，其中以一年持有的投資績效較好；市價/銷貨比與企業價值/銷貨比投資時機類似，但市價/銷貨比較企業價值/銷貨比更能區分未來股票表現良窳，亦即企業價值/銷貨比的表現並不如市價/銷貨比。 5、 多因子迴歸模型並不能準確預測股票未來表現；高預測報酬組合表現並不如預期，反而是低預測報酬的投資組合表現較為良好。可能是變數解釋能力不夠所致。 第一章 緒論 第一節 研究背景與動機…………………………………………1 第二節 研究目的…………………………………………………3 第三節 研究內容與流程…………………………………………3 第二章 文獻探討 第一節 國外文獻探討………………………………………….…5 第二節 國內文獻探討……………………………………………11 第三章 研究設計與方法 第一節 研究設計………………… …………………….……16 第二節 研究方法…………………………………….……………19 第四章 實證分析 第一節 淨值/市價比法………………………………….………27 第二節 益本比法……………………………………….…………37 第三節 市價/銷貨收入比法………………………………………46 第四節 企業價值/銷貨收入比法…………………………………56 第五節 多因子分析模型.…………………………………………65 第六節 單因子方法比較與投資策略……………………….……71 第七節 投資組合風險控管-風險值研究…………………………75 第五章 結論與建議 第一節 結論………………………………………………….……83 第二節 研究限制…………………………………………………84 第二節 建議……………………………………………….………84 參考文獻 附錄一：研究樣本……………………………………………………A-1 附錄二：淨值/市價比（BE/ME）半年期及一年期各期結果………B-1 附錄三：益本比（E/P）比半年期及一年期各期結果………………C-1 附錄四：市價銷貨比(P/S)半年期及一年期各期結果………………D-1 附錄五：企業價值/銷貨收入比（E/S）比半年期及一年期各期結果.E-1

本研究探討外國機構投資人交易行為及其對股票市場的衝擊，參考 Chan and Lokonishok(1995)的交易期間(trading package)觀念，分析外國機構投資人的持股內容及易行為，以了解其選股決策，並驗證其交易行為是否存在正向回應現象；及研究外國機構投資人的交易行為所產生的市場衝擊，以了解外資進出對國內股票市場穩定性的影響，並進一步研究交易完成後的股價回復現象及短期績效表現。 本研究的樣本期間為包括民國 84 年至民國 86 年底，樣本資料包含每日股價資料、每日外國機構投資人的持股明細、以及所有上市個股的財務資料。經實驗後發現，可能是基於風險控管和模擬臺灣股價指數的考量，外國機構投資人傾向買賣大型績優個股；在相同交易行為上，通常有持續十日的現象，且每一次交易的張數並不大。此外，明顯存在著正向回應情形、顯著的市場衝擊和短暫的股價回復現象，如同國外相同的研究結果，本研究亦發現外國機構投資人在買和賣不同的交易行為上，存在著不對稱的影響。 / The study is to Investigate the trading behavior of foreign institutional investors and its market impact on stock prices. The purposes of the study are as follows: First, to analyze the holding characteristics and trading behavior of foreign institutional investors in order to understand their stocks selection decisions and test if positive feedback behavior exists. Second, to analyze the market impacts on Taiwan stock market stability. Finally, after finishing each trading behavior, to observe the trend of stock prices in order to test if price reversion exists and how their short-term performance are. Form empirical studies, foreign institutional investors tend to hold stocks of large-size firms probably because of controlling investment risk and simulation Taiwan stock index. Besides, analyzing their trading activities, positive feedback bahavior, market impacts and price reversion really exist and are significant. According to our study, we found that buying and selling activities have asymmetric impact on stock prices. The conclusion is the same as foreign studies.

Bakgrund: Det finns många aktier att välja mellan på aktiemarknaden. För en person som aldrig tidigare har handlat med aktier kan det vara svårt att veta vilken investering som efter en tid kan generera ett högre värde än det satsade kapitalet. Relativvärdering är en investeringsstrategi som kan tillämpas för att identifiera dessa aktier. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka om värdemultiplarna P/E-talet, P/BV-talet och direktavkastning kan generera överavkastning genom investeringar i undervärderade aktier i finansbranschen. Om så är fallet, därefter påvisa vilken av värdemultiplarna som genererar högst avkastning. Metod: Studien har att tillämpat en kvantitativ metod med deduktiva inslag. Värde- och tillväxtportföljer har komponerats med värdemultiplarna P/E-talet, P/BV-talet och direktavkastning. Värdemultiplarna har beräknats fram med sekundärdata från databasen Thomson Reuters EcoWin Pro och årsredovisningar. Resultat: Studiens resultat påvisar att det går att generera överavkastning med relativvärdering som investeringsstrategi. Majoriteten av värdeportföljerna presterade bättre än tillväxtportföljerna. Portföljen som hade den högsta överavkastningen var värdeportföljen baserat på P/BV-talet. / Background: The capital stock market consists of many different shares. For a person who has never acted in shares, it can be difficult to know which investment over time that could generate a higher value than the invested capital. Relative valuation is an investment strategy that can be applied to identify these shares. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate whether key ratios P/E-ratio, P/BV-ratio and dividend yield can generate excess returns by investing in undervalued stocks in the financial industry sector. If so, then demonstrate which of key ratios that generates the highest return. Method: This study has applied a quantitative approach with deductive features. Value and growth portfolios have been composed by key ratios P/E-ratio, P/BV-ratio and dividend yield. Key ratios have been calculated on secondary data from the database Thomson Reuters EcoWin pro and annual reports. Results: Our results demonstrate that it is possible to generate excess returns with the relative valuation as an investment strategy. The majority of the value portfolios performed better than the growth portfolios. The portfolio that had the highest excess return over the total period was the value portfolio that consisted of P/BV-ratio.

隨著資本市場的多元發展，近年來台灣企業發行可轉換公司債之件數倍增，可轉換公司債之所以受到企業青睞，成為愈來愈受歡迎的籌資工具，必有它的獨特之處，而海外可轉換公司債也是公司擴張海外市場的一大助力。本論文的研究目的即在了解台灣上市上櫃公司以國內可轉換公司債(Convertible Bond；簡稱CB)或海外可轉換公司債(Euro Convertible Bond；簡稱ECB)進行融資對其財務績效之影響，並驗證台灣企業發行ECB是否支持Merton(1987)之投資者認可假說。 本論文以1999至2003年間，96家僅發行國內可轉換公司債、70家僅發行海外可轉換公司債、11家同時發行國內與海外可轉換公司債的公司為樣本，實證研究之主要結論如下： 1.公司發行CB或ECB後財務槓桿顯著上升，尤以CB為甚，顯示其財務 風險增加，降低公司財務彈性。若以市值衡量負債比率，則ECB發 行公司在發行前的負債比率較CB發行公司略高，但發行後二年顯著 下降較快。 2.僅發行CB或ECB之樣本公司發行後系統風險皆顯著上升，但同時發 行CB與ECB之樣本，在發行CB後系統風險顯著上升，發行ECB後系統 風險則無顯著變化。 3.在發行公司的績效表現方面，本論文以可轉換公司債發行後的α係 數變化情形為超額報酬之衡量指標，發現三組樣本結果皆顯示CB與 ECB發行後其股價績效表現不佳，前兩組樣本較為顯著。 4.以僅發行ECB組別的70家公司為樣本進行實證，結果顯示發行ECB確 實能增進公司之能見度；但在投資者認可假說方面，台灣市場ECB 的發行並不支持投資者認可假說。故雖然ECB的發行增加公司的能 見度，但財務彈性降低與系統風險增加可能使投資者對公司之未來 前景產生更高之不確定性。 / With diverse development and further integration among international capital markets, more and more companies in Taiwan tend to issue convertible bond for financing in the past few years. In addition, Euro Convertible Bond (ECB) also facilitates firms to expand overseas markets and becomes popular. This study not only focuses on risk and stock price performance changes around convertible bond offerings, but also compares the differences between CB and ECB on research topics. It takes issuing companies that listed in Taiwan Stock Exchange or OTC as objects of study. Moreover, the study tests firm visibility as well as Merton’s investor recognition hypothesis of ECB. Picking 177 samples from Taiwan companies during 1999 and 2003, and I divide them into three groups. 96 firms in the first group only issue CB, 70 firms in the second group only issue ECB, and 11 firms in the final group issue both CB and ECB. According to the empirical results, this study points out several conclusions as follows. First, financial leverage increases after issuing CB or ECB, especially CB firms show more significant increase, and it reduces financial flexibility. Second, systematic risk of companies which only issuing CB or ECB reveal significant increase. However, the 11 firms in the third group show systematic risk that measured with beta increases significantly following CB issuances, but doesn’t change evidently following ECB issuances. Third, I would like to view stock price performance of CB and ECB issuers. The finding shows that relative long-term excess return of three groups all decrease, and the former two groups appear significant drop. Finally, Merton’s investor recognition hypothesis isn’t supported by 70 ECB samples even though issuing ECB could promote firm visibility. This outcome is probably attributed to decrease of financial flexibility and increase of systematic risk.

Submitted by João Batista Fraga (fragab@gmail.com) on 2013-04-15T00:50:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 versao final joao batista fraga.pdf: 2079339 bytes, checksum: 7700dcba3cd9fd143c2d2d505ce0f367 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2013-04-15T13:07:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 versao final joao batista fraga.pdf: 2079339 bytes, checksum: 7700dcba3cd9fd143c2d2d505ce0f367 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-15T13:10:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 versao final joao batista fraga.pdf: 2079339 bytes, checksum: 7700dcba3cd9fd143c2d2d505ce0f367 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-25 / This study investigates the activity of stock lending in Brazil and its connection with short selling. It describes the organization of the market, identifies factors that determine the level of short interest and analyzes the effects on the efficiency of the stock prices. It finds that short-sellers act as contrarians and that the activity is directly related to the trading volume and inversely related to the daily price range. Periods of lock up and stabilization, these after the IPOs, and periods prior to seasoned offers also influence the level of open interest, as well as tax arbitrage that occurs at the time of payment of interest on equity by companies and have disruptive effect on stock prices. Short-sellers position themselves to earn excess returns and prefer stocks with higher betas. It is also shown that the addition of long-short positions to existing investment portfolio would increase returns and reduce market risk. When it comes to market efficiency, the study shows that the prices of stocks with high levels of short interest react more quickly to market movements than those with lower level. The study also contributes with specific recommendations for changes in the regulation and in the operational organization of the activity in Brazil. / Este trabalho investiga a atividade de empréstimo de ações no Brasil e sua conexão com operações de venda a descoberto em bolsa de valores. Descreve a organização do mercado, identifica fatores que determinam o nível de empréstimos e analisa os efeitos na eficiência da formação de preços das ações. Conclui que os vendedores atuam como contrários e que a atividade tem relação direta com o volume de negociação e inversa com a amplitude diária dos preços. Períodos de lock up e estabilização, esses após os IPOs, e o que antecede às ofertas subsequentes também influenciam o saldo de empréstimos, assim como a arbitragem tributária na distribuição, pelas empresas, de juros sobre capital próprio que tem efeito disruptivo sobre os preços das ações. Investidores a descoberto posicionam-se de modo a auferir excesso de retornos negativos e preferem ações com betas mais elevados. Os resultados também demonstram que o acréscimo de posições long-short a portfólio de investimento já existente aumentaria o retorno e reduziria o risco de mercado. Sobre a eficiência do mercado brasileiro, o estudo mostra que os preços das ações com saldos elevados de empréstimos ajustam-se com mais rapidez aos movimentos do mercado do que aquelas com menor saldo. O trabalho contribui, ainda, com recomendações pontuais para alterações da regulação e da organização operacional da atividade no País.

Bakgrund: Med ett ökande intresse för aktier söker fler efter tips och knep för att åstadkomma det alla investerare strävar efter, att överprestera marknaden. Investeringsstrategier som ämnar slå marknaden har länge studerats på en rad olika marknader och över olika tidsperioder, men få har utförts på Nasdaq First North. Tidigare studier har främst fokuserat på större aktiemarknader likt NYSE eller FTSE, medan svenska studier tenderar att undersöka Stockholmsbörsen. Därmed finns ett utrymme att undersöka huruvida en investeringsstrategi kan konstrueras som kan slå Nasdaq First North över tid. Strategierna som analyseras bygger på de multiplar som anses mest lämpade för de relativt unga och små bolagen på First North. Syfte: Studien ämnar analysera om investeringsstrategier baserade på multiplarna EV/Sales, EV/EBITDA, och P/B kan utnyttjas för att generera överavkastning i såväl absoluta som riskjusterade mått över en längre tid gentemot jämförelseindexet First North All-Share, som utgörs av samtliga värdepapper noterade på aktiemarknaden First North. Metod: Studien använder sig av en kvantitativ forskningsansats med ett deduktivt tillvägagångssätt. Datan för samtliga bolag noterade på First North under tidsperioden 2010- 2021 har hämtats in för att skapa lågt respektive högt värderade portföljer för varje multipel. Dessa har sedan utvärderats utifrån årlig och ackumulerad avkastning samt riskjusterade mått i form av Jensens alfa, Treynorkvot och Sharpekvot. Resultat: Fem av sex portföljer genererade ackumulerad överavkastning gentemot index medan samtliga portföljer överavkastat index sett till riskjusterade mått över studiens elvaåriga tidsperiod. Högst absolut avkastning genererades av den lågt värderade EV/Sales portföljen, och lägst avkastning genererades av den högt värderade P/B portföljen. / Background: With an increasing interest in the stock market, more people are searching for simple tips and tricks in order to achieve what all investors strive for, beating the market. Several investment strategies have been studied on different markets and over different time periods, however few of these on Nasdaq First North. Previous studies have mainly focused on larger stock markets such as the NYSE or FTSE, whilst Swedish studies tend to analyse Nasdaq Stockholm. As a result, there is room for examining whether an investment strategy can be constructed which can beat Nasdaq First North over time. The strategies which are analysed are based on the multiples deemed most suitable for the relatively young and small companies listed on First North. Purpose: The study aims to analyse whether investment strategies based on the valuation multiples EV/Sales, EV/EBITDA and P/B can be exploited to generate excess returns in both absolute and risk adjusted terms against the benchmark index First North All-Share, which is comprised of all stocks listed on the stock market First North.  Method: The study applies a quantitative research approach. Data for all companies listed on First North over the time period 2010-2021 have been collected in order to create low and high valued portfolios for each multiple. These have in turn been evaluated based on yearly and accumulated returns as well as risk adjusted measures such as their Jensens alpha, Treynor index and Sharpe ratio.  Results: Five of six portfolios generated excess accumulated returns against the benchmark index and all six generated excess risk adjusted returns against the benchmark index over the eleven-year time period. The highest absolute return was generated by the low EV/Sales portfolio and the lowest absolute return was generated by the high P/B portfolio.

Title: Theoretical multiples as an investment strategy Authors: August Forsberg och William Rydman Supervisor: Øystein Fredriksen Background: Whether it is possible to generate excess return over time has been debated throughout the history and the results of previous research have found it possible. One approach to generate excess return is by using relative valuation. Even though there are theories on how to conduct the valuation method, a lot of actors in the market simplifies and misinterpret relative valuation. This leads onto the question if the gap between theory and practice has grown too big and if the common mistakes in relative valuation might be counteracted by calculating and using theoretical multiples as an investment strategy. Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze whether theoretical multiples can identify mispricing’s in the stock market. Further, the authors aim to examine if it is possible to generate excess return and a more accurate valuation by calculating the difference between theoretical- and reported multiples. Methodology: To achieve the aim of the study, a quantitative method with a deductive approach has been used. The study examines Swedish listed companies at OMX Stockholm Large Cap during the period 2008 to 2018. In order to evaluate the investment strategy, comparative portfolios have been designed based on the difference between theoretical and reported multiples. A total of eight portfolios have been constructed with low respectively high P/E, EV/EBITDA, P/BV and EV/Sales, where the portfolios are weighted once a year. Results: The study's results show that theoretical multiples work as an investment strategy for generating excess returns. In three out of four multiples, the overvalued shares performed better than the undervalued ones. By contrast, the undervalued shares generate higher riskadjusted returns than the overvalued ones. Although the psychological element in relative valuation is reduced by the investment strategy, the authors conclude that the share prices are largely influenced by other actors in the market. Key words: Efficient market hypothesis, Excess return, Investment strategies, Relative valuation, Multiples, Theoretical multiples, P/E, EV/EBITDA, P/BV, EV/Sales. / Titel: Teoretiska multiplar som investeringsstrategi Författare: August Forsberg och William Rydman Handledare: Øystein Fredriksen Bakgrund: Huruvida det är möjligt att generera överavkastning över tid har länge diskuterats och tidigare forskning menar att det är möjligt. Ett tillvägagångssätt för att generera överavkastning är att använda sig av relativvärdering. Trots att det finns teorier om hur värderingsmetoden ska genomföras, förenklas och misstolkas relativvärdering ofta av aktörer på marknaden. Det leder in på frågan om gapet mellan teori och praktik har blivit för stort samt om värderingsmetodens fallgropar kan motverkas genom beräkningen av teoretiska multiplar som investeringsstrategi. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att analysera om teoretiska multiplar kan identifiera felprissättningar på marknaden. Vidare ämnar studien att undersöka om det genom att beräkna differensen mellan teoretiska- och redovisade multiplar går att generera överavkastning och en mer precis värdering. Metod: För att uppnå syftet med studien har en kvantitativ metod med deduktiv ansats använts. Studien undersöker bolag noterade på OMX Stockholm Large Cap under perioden 2008 till 2018. För att utvärdera investeringsstrategin har jämförelseportföljer utifrån differensen mellan teoretiska och redovisade multiplar utformats. Totalt har åtta portföljer konstruerats med låga respektive höga P/E, EV/EBITDA, P/BV och EV/Sales där portföljerna viktas om en gång per år. Resultat: Studiens resultat visar att teoretiska multiplar fungerar som investeringsstrategi för att generera överavkastning. I tre av fyra multiplar har de övervärderade aktierna presterat bättre än de undervärderade. Däremot genererar de undervärderade aktierna högre riskjusterad avkastning än de övervärderade. Även om det psykologiska inslaget i relativvärdering minskas av investeringsstrategin, blir författarnas slutsats att aktiekurserna till stor del påverkas av andra aktörer på marknaden. Sökord: Effektiva marknadshypotesen, Överavkastning, Investeringsstrategi, Relativvärdering, Multiplar, Teoretiska multiplar, P/E, EV/EBITDA, P/BV, EV/Sales.

Background: In recent years, the interest in investing has increased, and a growing number of people want to put their money into assets that are expected to increase in value. This is usually easier said than done, and it requires the investor to use a solid strategy. Because there are many methods of making an investment decision, this process can appear to be complicated. Multiple strategy is a well-known type of strategy that aims to build a portfolio based on different multiples. As a result, it is interesting to analyze what types of multiples perform best and worst when using a multiple strategy.  Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze the multiples EV/S, EV/EBITDA and P/E as a basis for a multiple strategy for companies found in the index S&P 500 to see if these can generate excess returns.  Methodology: A quantitative method with a deductive approach was best suited to fulfill the purpose of the study. Based on a selection of 411 companies through the period 2003 – 2021 twelve portfolios have been created with the 20 highest and lowest EV/S, EV/EBITDA or P/E multiples, with holding periods of either three or twelve months before rebalancing.  Results: The study results show that all multiples managed to outperform the benchmark index over the study period. Six out of the twelve portfolios were also able to show a significant return. The portfolio with low EV/S multiples and 12-month holding period generated the highest risk-adjusted return. / Bakgrund: På senare år har investerarintresset ökat och allt fler vill in och placera sitt kapital i tillgångar som förväntas öka i värde. Detta är något som oftast är lättare sagt än gjort och det krävs att investeraren använder sig av en tydlig strategi. Att det finns många olika sätt att komma fram till ett investeringsbeslut gör att denna process kan uppfattas som mycket komplicerad. En känd typ av strategi är multipelstrategi, som ämnar att bygga portföljen utifrån bolagens olika multiplar. Vilket gör det intressant att analysera vilka typer av multiplar som fungerar bättre respektive sämre vid användning av en multipelstrategi. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att analysera multiplarna EV/S, EV/EBITDA och P/E som grund till en multipelstrategi för bolag som återfinns i indexet S&P 500 för att se om dessa kan generera överavkastning. Metod: En kvantitativ metod med en deduktiv ansats var bäst lämpad för att uppnå studiens syfte. Utifrån ett urval av 411 bolag under perioden 2003 – 2021 har 12 portföljer skapats med de 20 högsta respektive lägsta EV/S-, EV/EBITDA- och P/E-multiplarna med innehavsperioder på antingen 3 eller 12 månader innan rebalansering. Resultat: Studiens resultat visar på att samtliga multiplar lyckades överavkasta jämförelseindexet över studiens period. 6 av 12 portföljer visade på en statistiskt signifikant avkastning. Portföljen med låga EV/S-multiplar och 12 månaders innehavsperiod genererade högst riskjusterad avkastning.

Subject background and discussion: In recent decades, issues of human rights, labor and environmental change has been hot topics world wide, which also has influenced the financial market. More and more investors use socially responsible investing (SRI) screens when constructing their portfolios. One form of SRI screen is to choose companies that have satisfied employees. Existing theory says that employee satisfaction is an intangible asset to the firm that will positively affect a firm’s performance in the future. Intangible assets are often unrecognized by the market and thereby not incorporated in the stock price. The efficient market hypothesis has been studied and debated for several decades. Proponents of the EMH argue that all available information is incorporated in the stock price, thus it is not possible to systematically beat the market. However, EMH is controversial, since research has shown different results regarding the possibility to make abnormal return from various investing strategy. Research question: Is it possible to make abnormal returns by investing in a portfolio of worldwide firms with top scores on the SRI screen employee satisfaction? Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to examine investor’s possibility to make abnormal return with controls for multiple risk factors by investing in worldwide firms with top scores in employee satisfaction. One sub-purpose is to examine how the market values intangibles depending on the degree of market efficiency. Another sub-purpose of the study is to test two different portfolio weighting methodologies, equally- and value weighted, and observe the differences between them. Theory: This study deals with the efficient market hypothesis and the concepts of SRI, employee satisfaction, intangible assets and several risk-adjusted measurements. Method: We have chosen to perform a quantitative study with a deductive approach to answer our research question. We used a sample size of 696 firms based on “Great Place to Works”- lists of companies with high employee satisfaction to construct sex portfolios with different holding periods and strategies. These portfolios have been explored and tested significantly with both equally and value weighted methods. Result/Analysis: The study finds significant evidence of an average annual abnormal return of 3,66% and 2,43% for our main portfolio over the market for equally- and value weighted, respectively, using the three-factor model. When adjusting for momentum, thus employing the four-factor model, all the predictive variables still identify strong persistence in the abnormal return, with statistical significance. Conclusion: The results show that it is possible to make abnormal returns, during the observed time period, regardless of the weighing methodology, although the equally weighted received higher abnormal returns. Thus, the market efficiency appears to be in weak form and does not fully value intangibles.