Bakgrund: Antalet ensamkommande barn som söker asyl i Europa har ökat de senaste decennier och nådde sin topp hittills år 2015 med 90 000 ensamkommande asylsökande av vilka 35 000 kom till Sverige. Ensamkommande som flydde krig, konflikter och fattigdom. Den långdragna asylprocessen, tillfälliga uppehållstillstånd och tidigare trauman ökar risken av att bland annat drabbas av depression och PTSD. Trots det finns det ensamkommande barn som lyckas motstå olika påfrestningar. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats var att belysa skyddsfaktorer som främjar psykisk hälsa och välbefinnande hos ensamkommande barn. Metod: Denna studie är en systematisk litteraturstudie där 16 vetenskapliga artiklar har ingått i analysen. Resultat: Fyra teman identifierades som skyddsfaktorer; Socialt stöd, motivation, religion och distraktion. Socialt stöd visade sig vara bland det viktigaste skyddsfaktor för ensamkommande barns psykisk hälsa och välbefinnande. Diskussion: Resultatet av denna studie visade att ensamkommande trots svårigheter som de har genomgått, har styrkor och strategier som hjälper dem att gå vidare och kämpa i sina liv. Studien visade även vikten av att skapa trygga relationer och att få stöd av förtroende personer i ensamkommande barns omgivning. Denna studie kan med fördel förse aktörer som direkt eller indirekt berör ensamkommande barns situation, med kunskap och förståelse vilket kan förhoppningsvis bidra till ökad mental hälsa och välbefinnande hos ensamkommande barn. / Background: The number of unaccompanied children seeking asylum in Europe has increased over the last decades and reached their peak so far in 2015 with 90,000 unaccompanied asylum seekers, of whom 35,000 came to Sweden. Unaccompanied children, who fled request asylum because war, conflict and poverty. The prolonged asylum process, temporary residence and previous trauma increase the risk of depression and PTSD. Even so, there are unaccompanied children who manage to do well in very difficult circumstances. Aim: The purpose of this paper was to highlight protection factors that promote mental health and well-being of unaccompanied children. Method: This study is a systematic literature review and 16 scientific articles have been included in the analysis. Results: Four themes were identified as protection factors; Social support, motivation, religion and distraction. Social support proved to be among the important protection factor for the mental health and well-being of unaccompanied children. Discussion: The outcome of this study showed that unaccompanied children in spite of the difficulties they have undergone, have strengths and strategies that help them to new circumstances. The study also demonstrated the importance of creating secure relationships and obtaining support from trusted persons in unaccompanied children's surroundings. This study can advantageously provide actors who directly or indirectly work with unaccompanied children, with knowledge and understanding which can hopefully contribute to increased mental health and well-being of this vulnerable group.

During the 20 century millions of people have escaped from war, threat against their human rights, economic injustices and pursuit. The great numbers of fleeing people have lead to difficulties in asylum investigation in the countries, which receive the asylum seekers. Sweden is a country, which has ratified the Genéveconvention 1954, and receives the asylum seekers. The great numbers of asylum seekers have caused among other things long time of waiting for the asylum seekers, sometimes up to 2-3 years. This implies some consequences both for the asylum seeker and for the community. The purpose of the study is to explore how the asylum errands are treated and to elucidate possible problems with implementing the asylum politics in Sweden. This study addresses three questions. Through these questions I want to explain the reasons for the long waiting time for asylum seekers and consequences of these both for the community and the asylum seekers.

I denna kvalitativa studie intervjuas sex flyktingguider som deltar i projektet Flyktingguide i Falu kommun. Studien syftar till att se vilken betydelse projektet haft för flyktingguiderna samt att utifrån deras perspektiv få förslag på hur man kan förbättra projektet för en ökad integration. Resultatet som framkommer i denna studie visar på att flyktingguiderna känner en tillfredsställelse av att kunna hjälpa flyktingar, att de finner att projektet Flyktingguide bidrar till integration i längden, samt att projektet har utvecklingspotential. Genom intervjuerna målades det upp en bild av många lyckade möten över kulturgränserna där respondenterna uttryckt allt ifrån att de fått nya sociala nätverk i form av vänner, så väl som känslan av att ha fått en helt ny familjemedlem. / In this qualitative study, six refugee guides are interviewed as participants of the Refugee Guide project in the municipality of Falun. The study aims at seeing the importance of the project for the refugee guides and, from their perspective, suggesting ways to improve the project for increased integration. The results found in this study show that the refugee guides feel a sense of satisfaction, that they find that the Refugee Guide project contributes to long-term integration and that the project has development potential. Through the interviews, there was a picture of many successful meetings across the cultural borders where respondents expressed everything from gaining new social networks in the form of friends as well as the feeling of getting a whole new family member.

As of 2013, around 51 million people were living on the run, classified as refugees. One of the reasons the number has increased so much during the last years can be explained by the war in Syria. The aim of following study is to evaluate the impact the Syrian refugee flow has had on the Turkish society up until today, seeing the consequences of economic, political and social impact made on the Turkish society. Due to these chosen aspects the study will be concentrated only on the changes in the Turkish society brought about accordance with economic, political and social effects. What is desirable is to achieve greater understanding of the positive and negative aspects of refugee flows on host countries. Building on this, the study will bring about a discussion on how to improve a study like this in the future. The following paper implies that conflict arises when the host country do not show acceptance of the refugees, and to not create conflicts, countries should welcome the refugees with open arms as Emanuel Mensah Tay indicates.

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The purpose of this essay is to examine selected parts of established Swedish media and discover different attitudes towards refugees and asylum-seekers. The question that I want to answer is how different attitudes towards refugees are represented and if external events can change media’s approach in a drastic way. The theoretical framework consists of agenda theory, framing, and cognitive psychology. The material consists of articles published by four mainstream newspapers during two specific time-periods: January 2015 and January 2016. The contents of all the articles were examined using qualitative text analysis applying interpretation and receiver strategies. They were divided into three different attitude-based groups: positive, neutral, and negative. I use seven parameters to determine and describe the distinctions between each of the three different attitudes. I find that the articles examined over both periods are mostly characterized with positive and neutral attitudes. While negative attitudes are the least represented, they are also the only ones that grow in percentage from 2015 to 2016. The overall number of articles also greatly increases in January of 2016 compared to the same month in 2015, which could hint that the interest of this topic was boosted during time between the two selected time-periods.

Flyktingar med funktionsnedsättning tillhör två marginaliserade grupper och är därför extra utsatta. Det saknas samlad kunskap om deras situation. Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva och undersöka hinder som flyktingar med funktionsnedsättning möter i samband med mottagandet och inledande etableringsprocess. Studien genomfördes i form av en litteraturöversikt. En litteratursökning resulterade i 11 peer review-granskade, vetenskapliga artiklar där empirisk originalforskning redovisas. Analysen genomfördes med hjälp av Michael Olivers sociala modell och intersektionell analys. Resultatet visar att brist på tillgänglighet, information och kunskap skapar funktionshindrande barriärer i mottagningsprocessen. Marginaliserande processer uppstår i olika intersektioner mellan flyktingskap, funktionsnedsättning, klass, etnicitet och kön. Utifrån resultatet föreslås en bättre samordning mellan olika instansers insatser för att förbättra situationen för flyktingar med funktionsnedsättning. / Refugees with disabilities belong to two marginalized groups, which makes them particularly vulnerable. The collective knowledge about their situation is insufficient. The purpose of this study is to describe, and investigate, the obstacles that refugees with disabilities may encounter during the initial stages of the resettlement process. The study was carried out in the form of a literature review. A literature search resulted in 11 peer-reviewed, scientific articles, in which empirical, original research is presented. The analysis was conducted using Michael Oliver's social model and intersectional theory. The results show that lack of accessibility, information, and knowledge causes experiences of disability during the resettlement. Marginalization processes occur in the intersections between refugee status, disability, class, ethnicity, and gender. Considering the results, an attempt to enhance the coordination between the efforts of various agencies is proposed, to improve the situation for refugees with disabilities.

The aim of my study has been to examine the work related to integration into the swedish society of young adult refugees. To fulfill my work I have chosen 6 staff that work at the residents of the refugees and interviewed them qualitatively through the telephone. I have asked the staff about their working methods, priorities in their work, possible improvements in their work, observation of development et cetera. The interviews were conducted through the telephone because of current rules and encourages regarding social distancing during the corona epidemic. I have also been aware and described the advantages and disadvantages about my chosen method. I have chosen theories about stigma, socialization and empowerment, earlier research conducted about the subject and Malmö stads own plan of integration as tools to analyze my gathered information from the interviews. The results in my study show that my informants regard integration as the same as being a self-propelled individual that learns how to take care of oneself in different ways and that this is obtained by being a part of education, improving ones skills in the swedish language and lastly, establishing oneself in the labor market. The biggest obstacle in this work was the alienation that refugees end up in because of the stereotypical negative image that exists of refugees.

In 2015, tens of thousands of Syrians fled to Sweden to escape the civil war that was raging in Syria. In the media, grief was spread, partly when small children drowned during their journey across the Mediterranean, partly fear of terrorists and the burden on Sweden. Laws were changed, borders were controlled and fences were built. In 2022, Ukraine was invaded by Russia and Ukrainian refugees made their way to Sweden. The media then spread how Swedes opened up their homes to the Ukrainian refugees. The purpose of this study is to, in the form of a discourse analysis, examine and compare the construction of Syrian refugees in 2015 and Ukrainian refugees in 2022 in Swedish media. A total of 20 articles made up the material for the analysis. These have been taken from Aftonbladet and Svenska Dagbladet, five articles per refugee group and newspaper. We began by coding to identify patterns in the articles. We then analyzed these patterns with Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe's alignment within discourse analysis, discourse theory and related concepts. To deepen the analysis and add additional perspective, we also used Judith Butler's concepts of framing and grievability. With the concepts within discourse theory and Butler's concepts, we were able to draw a conclusion; different groups of refugees are portrayed differently in Swedish media and made grievable and non-grievable as a result of their ethnicity, origin and religion. / Året 2015 flydde tiotusentals syrier till Sverige för att undkomma det inbördeskrig som härjade i Syrien. I media spreds dels sorg när små barn drunknade under sin färd över medelhavet, dels skräck för terrorister men också för den belastning som mottagandet skulle innebära för Sverige. Lagar skärpets, gränserna kontrollerades och staket byggdes upp. Under 2022 invaderades Ukraina av Ryssland och ukrainska flyktingar tog sig till Sverige. I media spreds då hur svenskar öppnade upp sina hem för de ukrainska flyktingarna. Syftet med denna studie är att i form av en diskursanalys undersöka hur konstruktionen av syriska flyktingar framställts i svensk media under 2015, i jämförelse med konstruktionen av ukrainska flyktingar under 2022. Totalt har 20 artiklar utgjort materialet för analysen, vilka har hämtats från Aftonbladet och Svenska Dagbladet, fem artiklar per flyktinggrupp och tidning. För att kunna identifiera mönster i artiklarna inleddes analysen med en kodningsprocess. Mönstren analyserades därefter med Ernesto Laclau och Chantal Mouffes inriktning diskursteori samt dess tillhörande begrepp. För att fördjupa analysen och tillföra ytterligare perspektiv användes även Judith Butlers begrepp inramning och sörjbarhet. Med hjälp av de diskursteoretiska begreppen samt Butlers teoretiska begrepp kunde vi komma fram till en slutsats; olika flyktinggrupper framställs olika i svenska media, och görs sörjbara och osörjbara utifrån etnicitet, ursprung och religion.

Under 2015 migrerade ett stort antal flyktingar från Syrien som sedan kom att stanna i Sverige. Resan mot att känna sig inkluderad i samhället ser olika ut med olika faktorer som spelar in för hur migranterna uppfattar att de blivit mottagna i det nya landet. Till följd av den nutida flyktingkris som uppkommit då ukrainska medborgare flyr Ukraina, har bemötandet sett olika ut i denna flyktingkris mot hur syriska flyktingar porträtterats och mottagits. Därmed syftade studien att genom semistrukturerade intervjuer, utforska hur mottagandet i Sverige kan uppfattas av syriska migranter som levt här sedan 2015. Studien utforskade upplevelsen av respondenternas uppfattning om Migrationsverket. Vidare undersöktes även respondenternas intryck om medias skildringar. Slutligen undersökte om de känner sig inkluderade eller exkluderade i samhället till följd av deras upplevelse med migrationsverket samt medias porträtteringar och skildringar av syrier. Resultatet har analyserats med hjälp av tidigare forskning samt utifrån teorierna ”vi och dom”, ”social identitet” och ”avhumanisering” och visade på att det finns uppdelningar i samhället och känsla av ”vi och dom”, osäkerheter i social identitet samt kopplingar till känsla av avhumanisering. Slutsatser som dras i studien är att respondenterna visade vardagliga upplevelser och bidrog till en bredare bild av Sveriges mottagande och positiva och negativa upplevelser av migrationsverket och media. De visade även på blandade åsikter och angav tydliga bidragande faktorer som påverkat deras känsla av exkludering och inkludering som även varierade beroende på tidpunkt och sammanhang för respondenterna.