La thèse porte sur la façon dont le De unitate et pluralitate creaturarum d’Achard de Saint-Victor recourt aux doctrines médio et néoplatoniciennes pour résoudre la question d’une coexistence de l’unité et de la pluralité en Dieu et dans les créatures. L’enjeu est ainsi de mieux comprendre la place de la métaphysique platonicienne dans l’école de Saint-Victor, et ce malgré la rareté des sources au XIIe siècle, œuvres de Platon ou de ses disciples grecs. La première partie introduit d’abord à la philosophie d’Achard et aux problèmes paléographiques et philologiques que soulève le manuscrit unique du De unitate ; puis elle déconstruit cet ouvrage en ceux de ses éléments (questions, doctrines, notions) qu’il emprunte au médio et au néoplatonisme. Les deux autres parties examinent comment pour Achard une pluralité est possible : en Dieu (pluralité de personnes, de raisons dans le Verbe) et dans le monde (en tant qu’il est connu par Dieu par les formes-prototypes). Chaque partie examine comment les principaux penseurs tardo-antiques et alto-médiévaux (Apulée, Augustin, Calcidius, Boèce, Erigène) et les auteurs victorins, Hugues et Richard de Saint-Victor ont repris les éléments platoniciens étudiés dans la première partie. Ensuite est proposée une reconstruction de la réponse d’Achard. La thèse contribue à résoudre deux problèmes de l’histoire de la philosophie : quels éléments et sources platoniciens ont été reçus au XIIe siècle et quelle place la pensée victorine fait-elle à l’héritage platonicien. Les problèmes philosophiques soulevés sont la multiplication des objets intelligibles et sensibles, la définition de la chose et l’identité des êtres. / The main goal of this dissertation is to describe how Achard of Saint-Victor uses Medio and Neoplatonic doctrines in his treatise De unitate et pluralitate creaturarum in order to answer the question about unity and plurality of God and his creatures. This will lead to a better comprehension of the role of platonic metaphysics in the doctrine of the school of St. Victor despite the weak presence of Plato’s heritage in the XIIth century. In the first part of the thesis, I introduce Achard’s philosophy and the paleographical and philological problems posed by the only manuscript of the De unitate. Then I consider the elements of the treatise (questions, doctrines, notions) which were borrowed from Middle Platonism and Neoplatonism. The two other parts are dedicated to the examination of the possibility of a plurality in God (persons and reasons in the Word of God) and in the world (as it is conceived by God through form-prototypes). In each part, I examine the way that main thinkers of Late Antiquity and High Middle Ages (Apuleius, Augustin, Chalcidius, Boethius, Erigena) and the Victorins (Hugues and Richard) absorbed the platonic doctrines described in the first part of my dissertation. At the end of each part, I propose the reconstruction of Achard’s development of those doctrines.This dissertation contributes to two problems of the history of philosophy: what Platonic doctrines and sources were received in the XIIth century and what is the place of the Platonic heritage in Victorin thought. The philosophical problems of the multiplication of intelligible and sensible objects, of the definition of things and of the identity of beings are also addressed.

Esta dissertação tem como objeto de estudo a elaboração do conceito, \"movimento-imagem-ideia\", desenvolvido no percurso de uma prática de improvisação. Iniciada no teatro, por meio dos aprendizados do jogo teatral, do jogo das máscaras, como a commedia dell\'arte e o palhaço, encontra a dança e as abordagens somáticas, ampliando-se e oferecendo estrutura à autonomia do intérprete improvisacional. As pesquisas cênicas que constituíram caminho e estabelecimento dessa conceituação, analisadas neste trabalho, têm por foco a improvisação e a máscara de A Troupe de Atmosfera Nômade; as improvisações em tempo real, diante do público, da Cia. Nova Dança 4; e a estrutura pré-fixada na dança, em Ladies, da inocência à crueldade, com possibilidades de rupturas improvisacionais. / This dissertation investigates the elaboration of a concept, \"movementimage- idea\", developed during an improvisation practice. When this improvisation - which started in the theatre with the use of theatre games, mask games, such as commedia dell\'arte and clowns - meets dance and somatic approaches, it is amplified, now offering structure to the autonomy of the improvisational actor. Previous research on performing arts that have paved a path to the establishment of the concept analyzed here focus on A Troupe de Atmosfera Nômade\'s use of improvisation and masks; Cia Nova Dança 4\'s real time improvisation in front of an audience; and the structure prefixed on dancing, in Ladies, from innocence to cruelty, with possible improvisational ruptures.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is that from an employee perspective examine the organizational climate of AF (Arbetsförmedlingen) södra Västmanland (Köping, Arboga, Kungsör). The results will include innovation improvement proposals, which are intended to raise employees needs in the project Förnyelseresan (translated to “A travel of change towards an innovative organizational climate”) within the area Self-leadership and culture. Hence AF södra Västmanland has got the possibility to use the improvement proposals as complementary basis to achieve their goals within the mentioned area. Research question: Which changes, from an employee perspective, may AF södra Västmanland implement with the purpose of managing Förnyelseresan’s category Self-leadership and culture in order to promote an innovative organizational climate? Limitations: The authors limit the study to investigate the pronounced and visible part of the organizational climate of AF södra Västmanland. The study's main focus is to investigate the opinions, thoughts and ideas of their employees concerning the topic and to allow them to provide their approach of the organizational environment. Method: The main focus field of the study is designed as a case study, based on a qualitative research, which includes an inductive approach and openness to interpretation. The study's empirical data is collected from semi-structured interviews with employees from AF södra Västmanland, observations from a workshop and interaction with contacts within the organization. Results and conclusions: The results of the study show that AF södra Västmanland needs to do several changes and implement corresponding improvements with the help of the employees in order to change the organizational climate aiming to respond to the targets of Förnyelseresan. The conclusion is that workload combined with lack of time does affect the organizational climate and the capacity to innovate negatively. The improvement proposals involve themes including climate, transparency and time for creativity. / Syfte: Syftet med studien är att ur ett medarbetarperspektiv undersöka organisationsklimatet på AF (Arbetsförmedlingen) södra Västmanland (Köping, Arboga, Kungsör). Studiens resultat kommer att innehålla innovationsfrämjande förbättringsförslag med avsikt att lyfta medarbetares behov inom Förnyelseresans område Självledarskap och kultur. AF södra Västmanland har därefter möjligheten att använda förbättringsförslagen som kompletterande underlag för att nå sina uppsatta mål inom det nämnda området. Forskningsfråga: Vilka förändringar ur ett medarbetarperspektiv kan AF södra Västmanland genomföra i syfte att hantera Förnyelseresans mål inom kategorin Självledarskap och kultur för att främja ett innovativt organisationsklimat? Avgränsning: Författarna avgränsar studien till den explicita och synliga delen av organisationsklimatet hos AF södra Västmanland. Studiens huvudsakliga fokus läggs vid att undersöka medarbetares åsikter, tankar och idéer om ämnet och låta dem tillskriva sin omgivning och sitt synsätt. Metod: Studien utformas som en fallstudie och utgår från en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi och ett induktivt synsätt med öppenhet för tolkning. Studiens empiriska data har samlats in från semistrukturerade och kvalitativa intervjuer med medarbetare från AF södra Västmanland. Interaktion med kontaktpersoner inom organisationen och observationer från en workshop bidrog även till det empiriska materialet. Resultat och slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att AF södra Västmanland kan genomföra ett antal förändringar och implementera motsvarande förbättringar framtagna med hjälp av medarbetarna i organisationen för att förändra organisationsklimatet och bemöta Förnyelseresans mål. Författarna drar slutsatsen att stor arbetsbelastning i kombination med tidsbrist påverkar organisationsklimatet och innovationsförmågan negativt. Framtagna förbättringsförslag berör teman som inkluderande klimat, öppenhet och tid för kreativitet.

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) guarantees certain rights and protections to students with disabilities enrolled in public schools, and to their families. Even though virtual schools are one of the fastest growing trends in public k-12 education, there is evidence that these schools may not be fully implementing IDEA for enrolled students with disabilities. There has been some concern regarding the appropriateness of virtual education for student with disabilities, as well as some concern for the spectrum of services being offered in virtual schools. This case study examined the implementation of special education supports and services in one public virtual k-12 school in the United States. Interviews, document review, and participant observations were used to collect data. Findings indicated that components of IDEA were not being universally implemented for students with disabilities. Limited programming options, large special education caseloads, and an over-dependence on parents and other non-teacher adults limits students’ access to Free and Appropriate Public Education, Least Restrictive Environment, and Individualized Education Plans. Issues were also identified in the provision of Appropriate Evaluation, Parent Participation, and Procedural Safeguards. Regardless of documented challenges, benefits to virtual education were noted. Parent, faculty and staff participants reported being happier with virtual school than brick-and-mortar. Faculty enjoys easy access to a multitude of academic data. Relationships and communication among community members was reported to be stronger than what was previously experienced in brick-and-mortar schools. Faculty, staff and parent participants discussed students’ emotional and physical safety as a benefit of virtual education.

<p>Skrivning är en biomekaniskt invecklad process som kräver en viss nivå av såväl motorisksom kognitiv förmåga. Forskning om Alzheimers sjukdom tyder på att nedsättningar i flerakognitiva domäner förekommer innan den kliniska diagnosen ställs. Det finns även forskningsom tyder på att ett innehållsrikt skriftspråk i unga år minskar risken för demensutveckling påäldre dagar. För att studera om mått från texter kunde predicera demens på ett tidigt stadiumanalyserades 141 skriftliga bildbeskrivningar insamlade inom ramen för rutinmässigaminnesutredningar vid Karolinska universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge. Deltagarna delades in itre grupper utifrån diagnos (minnesutredning, lindrig kognitiv svikt och demens).Utgångspunkt för studien var de fyra textmåtten: idétäthet, verbtäthet, läsbarhetsindex (LIX)och T-enheter. Då texterna i de flesta fall var skrivna av personer med kognitiv nedsättninghar måtten varit tvungna att modifieras och särskilda instruktioner för bedömning av texternahar utformats. Resultaten tyder på att skriftliga bildbeskrivningar utförda av individer meddemens innehåller färre totalt antal ord än de skrivna av individer diagnostiserade medlindrig kognitiv svikt eller mindre svårigheter än så. De innehåller även färre propositioner,verb, långa ord, T-enheter, ord per T-enhet, har en kortare meningslängd samt har i snitt ettlägre LIX-värde. En logistisk regressionsanalys visade att demens (kontra minnesutredningarmed subjektiva besvär) predicerades signifikant (p < 0.01) av antalet verb samt av LIXvärdet.Totalt 85 % av fallen klassificerades korrekt.</p> / <p>Writing is a biomechanically complex process which demands a certain level of motor aswell as cognitive ability. Research concerning Alzheimer’s disease shows that impairmentsin multiple cognitive domains are notable before a clinical diagnosis can be made. There isalso research which indicates that written language ability in early life predicts the risk ofdementia in old age. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether measures derivedfrom narrative writing could predict dementia cross-sectionally. The material was 141 writtenpicture descriptions collected during routine investigations of cognitive disorders at theMemory Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm. The participants were classifiedinto three groups based on their diagnosis (subjective memory complaints, mild cognitiveimpairment and dementia). This study was based essentially on the four text measures: ideadensity, verb density, index of readability (LIX) and T-unit. As most of the texts were writtenby participants with some degree of cognitive decline the measures had to be modified tosome extent and detailed scoring protocols were worked out. The results indicate that writtenpicture descriptions made by individuals with dementia contained fewer words than thosewritten by individuals diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment or subjective cognitivecomplaints. They also contained fewer propositions, verbs, long words, T-units, words per Tunit,had a shorter mean sentence length and had a lower average LIX-value. A logisticregression analysis showed that cases of dementia, as opposed to subjective cognitivecomplaints, were significally predicted (p < 0.01) by the number of verbs and also by theLIX-value. Overall, 85 % of the cases were correctly classified.</p>

Die eingehende Analyse ausgewählter Aspekte der Wort-Ton-Gestaltung in Gustav Mahlers Vokalsinfonik ist Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Untersuchung. Prämisse ist Mahlers Ausarbeitung ideenprogrammatischer Intentionen, wobei er sich die besondere Stärke der Musik, geistige Sachverhalte in gewisser Weise präziser als Sprache (die hier ins Symbolhafte ausweichen muss) verdeutlichen zu können, offensichtlich bewusst zunutze gemacht hatte. Die Differenziertheit der musikalischen Textinterpretation, zugleich Fokus der Analysen, weist deutliche graduelle Unterschiede auf. Sie reicht vom ,Vertonungscharakter‘ bis hin zur innigsten Anverwandlung von Musik und Textaussage bzw. -semantik. Wesentlich ist das oft proportionale Verhältnis von Grad der Freiheit, die sich Mahler hinsichtlich der Beziehung der Musik zur formalen Topographie des Textes nimmt, zu Intensität und Vielschichtigkeit der musikalischen Textexegese. Je stärker sich ihre musikalische Umsetzung in Richtung ‚Semantik-Ausarbeitung‘ bewegt, verliert die äußerliche Sprache an Materialität, wobei das im Lied von der Erde zutage tretende Amalgam von sprachlicher Semantik und Musik gesondert zu nennen ist. Letztendlich wird die überwiegend eher unbestimmte Textsemantik durch Mahlers Musik denotiert und in zuvor im Bereich der Vokalsinfonik nicht erreichter Intensität zum Klingen gebracht. / Focal point of this thesis is the detailed analysis of selected aspects of the relationship between music and text in Gustav Mahler’s vocal-instru-mental symphonies. Mahler’s elaboration of programmatic intentions functions as background. The composer obviously used the specific quality of music which is able to make spiritual or immaterial facts clearer than language (which here often has to switch over to symbolism). The variety of the text interpretation by Mahler’s music (on which the analyses are focused) shows distinct differences: from a relatively simple setting to music-character to an intense amalgam of music and semantics of the words. An important result of the analyses is the approximate proportionality between independency of Mahler’s music from the text’s formal parameters and intensity of the musical exegesis of the words. The more the music tends to elaborate the semantics, the more decreases the materiality of language. In this context the semantics-music-amalgam in the final movement of Das Lied von der Erde represents an unique example. Ultimately Mahler’s music supplies the denotation of the text semantics. This intermixture shows previously – in the history of development of vocal symphonic tradition – not heard intensity.

Skrivning är en biomekaniskt invecklad process som kräver en viss nivå av såväl motorisksom kognitiv förmåga. Forskning om Alzheimers sjukdom tyder på att nedsättningar i flerakognitiva domäner förekommer innan den kliniska diagnosen ställs. Det finns även forskningsom tyder på att ett innehållsrikt skriftspråk i unga år minskar risken för demensutveckling påäldre dagar. För att studera om mått från texter kunde predicera demens på ett tidigt stadiumanalyserades 141 skriftliga bildbeskrivningar insamlade inom ramen för rutinmässigaminnesutredningar vid Karolinska universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge. Deltagarna delades in itre grupper utifrån diagnos (minnesutredning, lindrig kognitiv svikt och demens).Utgångspunkt för studien var de fyra textmåtten: idétäthet, verbtäthet, läsbarhetsindex (LIX)och T-enheter. Då texterna i de flesta fall var skrivna av personer med kognitiv nedsättninghar måtten varit tvungna att modifieras och särskilda instruktioner för bedömning av texternahar utformats. Resultaten tyder på att skriftliga bildbeskrivningar utförda av individer meddemens innehåller färre totalt antal ord än de skrivna av individer diagnostiserade medlindrig kognitiv svikt eller mindre svårigheter än så. De innehåller även färre propositioner,verb, långa ord, T-enheter, ord per T-enhet, har en kortare meningslängd samt har i snitt ettlägre LIX-värde. En logistisk regressionsanalys visade att demens (kontra minnesutredningarmed subjektiva besvär) predicerades signifikant (p &lt; 0.01) av antalet verb samt av LIXvärdet.Totalt 85 % av fallen klassificerades korrekt. / Writing is a biomechanically complex process which demands a certain level of motor aswell as cognitive ability. Research concerning Alzheimer’s disease shows that impairmentsin multiple cognitive domains are notable before a clinical diagnosis can be made. There isalso research which indicates that written language ability in early life predicts the risk ofdementia in old age. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether measures derivedfrom narrative writing could predict dementia cross-sectionally. The material was 141 writtenpicture descriptions collected during routine investigations of cognitive disorders at theMemory Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm. The participants were classifiedinto three groups based on their diagnosis (subjective memory complaints, mild cognitiveimpairment and dementia). This study was based essentially on the four text measures: ideadensity, verb density, index of readability (LIX) and T-unit. As most of the texts were writtenby participants with some degree of cognitive decline the measures had to be modified tosome extent and detailed scoring protocols were worked out. The results indicate that writtenpicture descriptions made by individuals with dementia contained fewer words than thosewritten by individuals diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment or subjective cognitivecomplaints. They also contained fewer propositions, verbs, long words, T-units, words per Tunit,had a shorter mean sentence length and had a lower average LIX-value. A logisticregression analysis showed that cases of dementia, as opposed to subjective cognitivecomplaints, were significally predicted (p &lt; 0.01) by the number of verbs and also by theLIX-value. Overall, 85 % of the cases were correctly classified.

Bakgrund: Förutsättningar för företag förändras ständigt. Samtidigt har kunder och anställda fått nya betydelsefulla roller för hur verksamheten utformas och vilka värderingar som företaget arbetar efter. Företagen förväntas i allt högre grad ta ett aktivt samhällsansvar, men satsningarna har hittills varit för kortsiktiga och inte visat på några ekonomiska resultat. Samhällsansvaret bör därför ses ur ett långsiktigt perspektiv och förankras strategiskt i företagets affärsidé. Problemformulering: Vilka faktorer är viktiga för att företag ska kunna överföra långsiktigt samhällsansvar till sin affärsidé? Syfte: Att analysera och utvärdera sambandet mellan interna strategier och överensstämmelsen mellan ledning och anställda med avseende på samhällsansvar. Metod: Uppsatsen bygger på en kvalitativ undersökning utifrån en deduktiv ansats. Ett strategiskt urval gjordes vid val av företag samt informanter. Teorier: Relevanta teoriområden i uppsatsen är Corporate Social Responsilibity, Affärsidé, Kunskapsutveckling, Kommunikation, Värdeskapande och Involvering. Empiri: Empirin består av primärdata som samlats in genom djupintervjuer med fallföretagen. Resultat och Slutsats: Vi har kommit fram till att det finns brister i IKEA:s interna strategier och som följd även en icke överensstämmande bild av samhällsansvaret hos ledning och anställda. I fallet med Nudie fanns det välutformade interna strategier och även en stark överensstämmelse. Strategierna som låg till grund för en stark överensstämmelse är kunskapsutveckling, dubbelriktad kommunikation, höginvolverade medarbetare och att företaget arbetar processtyrt för att fånga upp förändringar i omvärlden. / Background: Conditions for companies are constantly changing. At the same time customers and employees have taken on new significant roles in how companies are designed and what values they strive towards. Companies are expected to assume an active social responsibility, but thus far investments have been too short-term and have not delivered results in economic terms. For this reason social responsibility should be seen through a long-term perspective and be firmly established in the business idea. Problem: Which factors are important for companies to be able to incorporate a long-term social responsibility into their business idea? Purpose: To analyze and evaluate the connection between internal strategies and the consensus between management and employees regarding social responsibility. Method: The thesis is based on a qualitative survey and a deductive approach. A strategic selection was made in the choice of companies and informants. Theories: Relevant theories in this paper are Corporate Social Responsibility, Business Idea, Development of Knowledge, Communication, Value Adding and Involvement. Empiric: The empirics consist of primary data collected through depth interviews with the selected companies. Result and Conclusion: Our conclusion is that IKEA's internal strategies are flawed, and consequentially there is a lack of consensus between management and employees. With Nudie there were well-formulated internal strategies and also a high degree of consensus. The strategies that lay the foundation for consensus are development of knowledge, two-way communication, highly involved employees and the company's use of process control to monitor changes in the surrounding world.

Band zum Gedenken an den Technikphilosophen Rudolf Rochhausen (1919-2012), der lange Jahre an der Leipziger Universität wirkte, dort u.a. seit 1975 für die Konzeption der Marxistischen Abendschule in Rohrbach (Thüringen) verantwortlich zeichnete und nach der Wende mit dem \"Rohrbacher Kreis\" einen Diskursort initiierte, an dem sich Natur- und Geisteswissenschaftler auf Augenhöhe begegnen konnten.

公共服務的來臨，政府單位不斷用心發展更積極創新的作為以提升各項業務服務品質，創新的政策對於政府效能與國民福祉的提升有非常重要的地位，然而優質的政策並不容易提出，在創意開發的運用實例上，不乏國際大企業利用預測市場的網路平台開發公司員工的集體智慧或匯聚眾人資訊協助企業進行決策，因此本文欲以創意市場運用在高雄市政府開發創新政策，探究此機制是否有助於提升市府的施政品質。 本研究內容主要根據政治大學童振源教授與高雄市政府合作之「高雄市發展政策創新與評鑑計畫」，從旁觀察紀錄，事後以質性研究法與量化研究法，檢證創意市場在政府部門的可行性，期能將創意市場機制應用在公部門體系，成為促進政府創新改革重要方法之一。計畫透過提案階段、書審階段、初選階段、決選階段，以虛擬貨幣的方式交易評鑑，判斷提案之優劣，選出最佳創新政策。 研究結果發現獲選之最佳創新政策提案在可行性、創新程度、預期效益、符合市民需求、對高雄發展有利、建議市府採用等指標均獲得相當程度認同，值得高雄市政府深入檢視與評估，進一步規劃相關的政策配套與執行方案。政策創新市場提供基層同仁參與政策產生與決策的機會，營造一個可溝通、討論的平台，使政策在眾人的互相激盪與琢磨之下，能夠更多元、更豐富。而未來有更健全的配套措施與實施辦法後，期望能開放一般民眾加入政策的開發與評鑑，以增加市民對市政議題的關注、參與及認同，提升高雄市政府在市民心中的認同感。 / The coming of public service causes that the government agencies continuously develop more positive and innovative conducts by heart to improve service quality for various businesses. Innovative policy occupies an important place in the promotion of government effectiveness and national welfare. However, it’s not so easy to put forward a good quality policy. For living examples applied in creative development, there is no lack of large-sized international companies using collective intelligence of employees in network platform development companies engaged in market predicting, or collecting people’s information to assist company’s decision-making. Therefore, this article intends to use idea marketplace in Kaohsiung City Government to develop innovative policy and explore if this mechanism contributes to the improvement of city government’s administrative quality. The contents of this study mainly based on “Innovation and Assessment Program for Kaohsiung City’s Development Policies” under the cooperation between Professor Tung, Chen-Yuan of Chengchi University and Kaohsiung City Government, recording and watching from the sideline, using qualitative and quantitative research methods afterwards to verify the feasibility of idea marketplace in government sectors, which is expecting to apply the mechanism of idea marketplace in public sector system and become one of important ways to improve the government’s innovation and reform. The best innovative policy will be selected from this program through the stage of proposal, written review, primary selection and final selection to judge the strength and weakness of the proposal with the assessment of virtual currency trading. Research results found that the selected proposal for the best innovative policy in the feasibility, degree of innovation and predicted effectiveness complies with the demand of the citizens and benefits to the development of Kaohsiung City. This study proposed the city government to adopt such indicators to obtain a considerable degree of identification, which is worth of Kaohsiung City Government’s deep review and evaluation for further planning of the relevant policy set and implementation scheme. Policy idea marketplace provides colleagues at the basic level with the opportunities to participate in policy generating and decision-making, building a platform for communication and discussion, and enabling the policy to be more multiple and plentiful under people’s mutual brainstorming and study. After more healthy supporting measures and implementation methods in the future, this study hopes to open the development and assessment of policy for general public so as to increase citizen’s concern about, participation in and identification of municipal issues and improve the acceptance of Kaohsiung City Government in citizen’s heart.