Studiens syfte är att belysa klientens bedömning om boendestödets relevans i vardagen. Studien stöds av teoretiska perspektiv som besvarar frågan om hur klienten upplever vardagliga aktiviteter, meningsfull sysselsättning. I motsättning till klientens bedömning beskriver boendestödjarna deras syn på meningsfull sysselsättning och vardagliga aktiviteter. Syftet för studien uppnås genom en kvalitativ studie och baseras på intervjuer om hur klienten och boendestödjarens upplever boendestödets relevans i vardagen. I studien har fyra olika klienter och två boendestödjare (i åldrarna 29-60 år) intervjuats. Klienterna har psykiska och fysiska sjukdomar och har haft boendestöd i minst 3 år. Vid analys av intervjumaterialet har vi använt oss av verksamhetsteorin. Det perspektivet är samhällsvetenskapligt inriktat och studerar hur människan på olika sätt är beroende av verksamheter för att kunna hantera vardagen.   För att stärka vår teori har vi använt oss av ett teoretiskt perspektiv KASAM (känsla av sammanhang. Därefter har vi valt att stärka empirin och våra teoretiska perspektiv med två avhandlingar i den tidigare forskningen. Genom tidigare forskning kan förklaring ges till hur olika faktorer påverkar människor med psykiska funktionsnedsättningar, likväl som en förståelse för hur klienten upplever meningsfull sysselsättning, aktivitet och boendestöd som relevant för deras vardag.   För att kunna analysera intervjumaterialet valdes två strategier, meningskategorisering och meningstolkning. Utifrån dessa två strategier omformades sex teman till tre som sedan presenteras i resultatet. Analysen visar att boendestödet har en stor betydelse för att klienterna ska uppnå meningsfull sysselsättning, arbete och aktivitet i vardagen. Samtliga klienter har bra kontakt med sina boendestödjare och känner en trygghet samt gemenskap till dem.

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SAMMANFATTNING   Amningen kan ibland vara svår att komma igång med. En del mammor får det att fungera utmärkt medan andra behöver mera stöd. Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) och ”tio steg till lyckad amning” var tänkt att uppmuntra amningen på BB genom åtgärder som utbildning av barnmorskorna i att stödja mammorna. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva mammors känslor inför amning och deras upplevelse av stöd från personal och pappa under BB-tiden samt att jämföra med en grupp mammor från 1993. Metoden var en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie. En enkätstudie genomfördes bland mammor på en förlossningsklinik i Sverige. Deltagande mammor var fördelade på 91 mammor 1993 och 16 mammor 2010. För bearbetning av data användes Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). Resultatet visade att mammorna upplevde en större känsla av osäkerhet och oro 2010 jämfört med 1993. Av mammorna 2010 kände också majoriteten att amning var något de ”måste lära sig”. Mammorna upplevde papporna som mer stödjande 2010 jämfört med 1993. Initiativet till den första amningen togs 2010 i högre grad av en barnmorska än 1993. År 2010 fick en högre andel av mammorna hjälp av personalen på BB vid amningstillfällena jämfört med 1993. Konklusionen är att amningen kunde vara en känslig tid för mammorna och det behövdes stöd. BFHI har haft en positiv effekt på arbetet med att stödja mammorna vid amningen på BB, men det finns fortfarande behov av uppföljning och kontroll av verksamheten. Papporna tar ett större ansvar och är mera stödjande 2010 jämfört med 1993. / ABSTRACT   Sometimes breastfeeding initiating can be hard. Some mothers get a good start others need more support. Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) and “ten steps to successful breastfeeding” were meant to encourage breastfeeding at maternity hospital through measures like education of midwifes in supporting the mothers. The aim of this study was to describe mother’s feelings for breastfeeding and their experience of support from nursing staff and fathers during the stay on BB and to compare with a group of mothers from 1993. The method was a quantitative cross-sectional study. A survey study was accomplished among mothers in a birth-Clinique in Sweden. Participating mothers was 91 in 1993 and 16 in 2010. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) was used to processing data. The result showed that mothers experienced a greater feeling of uncertainty and anxiety in 2010 compared with 1993. The majority of mothers 2010 also felt that breastfeeding was something they “had to learn”. Mothers experienced that fathers were more supportive in 2010 than 1993. Initiative to the first breastfeeding was in most of the cases in 2010 taken by a midwife and a higher share of the mothers 2010 got help from the nursing staff at breastfeeding time. The conclusion is that breastfeeding might be a sensitive period to the mothers and that support was needed. BFHI has had a positive effect on the work in supporting mother’s breastfeed in the maternity hospital, but there are still needs of following-up and controls of the activity. The fathers took in 2010 more responsibility and are more supporting to the mothers compared with 1993.

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Research on psychosocial health in social work isn't developed enough. Instead, there's much more research on psychosocial unhealth. What about social workers, the unhealth is often related to the situation at work and the work environment. The aim of this study was to "during interviews understand the factors which social workers experience as important to maintain their own psychosocial health in the life situations". With hermeneutic method the particular interest was directed on how the participants experienced and explained their psychosocial health on the basis of their life situations, and the results was analyzed with Antonovsky's (1991/2005) perspective directed on health and Sense of Coherence (SOC). In the study, we used a qualitative form of interviews which allowed our participants to answer with their own words and from how they interpreted the questions. We have made interviews with eight social workers in a average municipality in Sweden. The results are shown qualitatively in current text. With our interest in social workers´ psychosocial health, we have understood that it's complicated to make a partition line between the life at work and the private life when it comes to the social workers´ experiences of factors that helps to maintain psychosocial health. Instead, it's about to understand the social worker's psychosocial health as a whole, on the basis of the work as well as the private life. In comparison to research on psychosocial unhealth, our participants said that it's especially the private life, rather than the life at work, that influences and sometimes even controls the psychosocial health in general. Nevertheless, there were plural factors at work which were experienced as especially important to maintain the psychosocial health, for example a "good director", "good colleagues", "ability to let go of the liability for clients" and a working situation where you "work two together" plus "experience and knowledge" from the whole life situations. In private life, and in addition to work, the experiences were about "enriching leisure time", social support from friends and family and the ability to make "reasonable demands and limits for yourself" in private life as well as at work.

This study focuses on the use of animals in social work from the perspective of social workers. The purpose of this study is to examine social workers’ experiences of animal assisted social work and how social workers view the integration of animals in various fields of social work. The research is based on a qualitative method and four semi-structured interviews were conducted with social workers. The theories incorporated in the study are Attachment Theory and Sense of Coherence (SOC). The following results are presented: Social workers are considered to have a more comprehensive understanding of clients compared to their associates who do not hold a degree in Social Work. The Social Work Programme prepares you for work in various roles in numerous work places and the social workers claim to sympathise with the many aspects which affect clients. Some of the positive aspects of incorporating animals in social work include opportunities to experience the outdoors and exercise when spending time with the animals but also the additional satisfaction of being able to offer clients these benefits. The social workers are aware of potential safety risks in handling and associating with the animals and these safety risks appear to have a negative impact on animal assisted social work. According to the social workers, animal allergies can be minimized and should not be the focal point. SOC and its three components – Comprehensibility, Manageability and Meaningfulness have been applied to the social workers experiences of animal assisted social work and their experiences shared indicate that animals can hold properties of an attachment figure. Animals have a calming effect on clients, and assist in the connection between social worker and client.

This thesis aims to find out the usage of colour in the game called Journey (2012). It is a case study which focuses on three different scenes in the game and how their colour scheme affects the game both emotionally and the storyline progress. The question that will be answered is: How does the choice of colour affect the players perception on an emotional level? This thesis talks about how different colours affect us in different ways and why this plays a major part in gameplay situations and how the drastic change of colour portraits different emotions. The colour choice is of great importance since it affects humans on an emotional level that enhances the experience felt by players during different scenes.

Abstract Background: Gestational diabetes is both physical and psychological for women. A lot of women is lacking knowledge about living with gestational diabetes. The incidence of gestational diabetes in the year of 2016 is 1,6 % of all pregnancies in Sweden and the incidence is increasing. Aim: To describe women´s experience of developed gestational diabetes and living with it. Method: A qualitative method with inductive approach and based on four individual interviews has been done. Data were analysed by latent content analysis. Findings: All women were satisfied about the care they have got. Lack of knowledge about the connection between pregnancy and gestational diabetes perceived from the midwife, but the nurse of diabetes perceived to have knowledge. The information of gestational diabetes was associated with shock, fear and shameless. Almost all women experience dietary changes and increased demands physical activity as demanding which meant a limitation for the women, but the lifestyle of changes led to a healthier life and it`s become estimated positive. To avoid insulin treatment during pregnancy was a goal which turned out to be a positive drift. Conclusion: The results of the study can contribute to increased knowledge about the woman's experience of developing gestational diabetes. Increased knowledge about gestational diabetes alleviates will relieves worry fort the woman and all the support from the surrounding people to the women and also the health professionals is very important for the women`s feel good during the pregnancy with gestational diabetes.

Verksamheten Spindeln i Västerås vänder sig till personer med så kallad dubbeldiagnos, människor med psykisk sjukdom och samtida missbruksproblematik. Syfte med denna studie var att söka kunskap om vad klienterna med så kallad dubbeldiagnos på verksamheten Spindeln upplevde som meningsfull sysselsättning, samt om verksamheten Spindeln bidrog till att klienterna upplevde sig inneha någon form av meningsfull sysselsättning. Empirin insamlades genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem klienter från Spindeln. De teorier som behandlades var känslan av sammanhang (KASAM), stigma samt socialt kapital. Dessa teorier användes till att tolka empirin tillsammans med tidigare forskning inom området psykisk sjukdom och meningsfull sysselsättning. Studiens resultat visade på betydelsen av att ha något att göra om dagarna, att meningsfull sysselsättning innebar en sorts trygghet i vardagen som medförde struktur och mening. Att ha ett socialt sammanhang att delta i var även det av mycket stor vikt enligt studiens deltagare samt en strategi för att undvika att hamna i psykos. Meningsfull sysselsättning var mycket individuellt och varierade beroende på respondenternas livssituation i relation till ålder, sjukdom, erfarenhet och visioner. Resultatet visade att Spindelns verksamhet upplevdes som meningsfull av deltagarna. / The activity Spindeln in Västerås is a project that attempts to deliver daily occupation for clients with dual diagnosis, people diagnosed with a mental disorder and a contemporary substance abuse. The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to gain knowledge about what Spindeln's dual diagnosis clients experience as meaningful occupation. The purpose was also to examine if Spindeln contributes to making its clients experience meaningful occupation.  The empirical material was based on qualitative and semi-structured interviews with five clients of Spindeln. The conceptual framework was based on concepts such as sense of coherence (SOC), stigma and social capital. This theories was used mainly to interpret empirical material together with earlier research regarding mental disorder and meaningful occupation. The findings of the study indicated that meaningful daily occupation was very important for dual diagnosis patients because it provides them with a feeling of safety which led to structured and meaningful days. Also the study indicated that having social connection to participate in, and a strategy to avoid a state of psychosis, was of great importance to the clients at Spindeln. Meaningful occupation turned out to be highly individual depending on variables such as age, disease, experiences and visions. The findings also indicated that Spindeln was meaningful according the clients.

It is essential for individuals’ well-being and relationships that they have the ability to consciously experience, express and respond to their own and others’ affects. The validity of a new conception of affect consciousness (AC), incorporating consciousness of both own and others’ affects, was investigated in this thesis. The clinical usefulness of the new conception was explored and an interview (affect consciousness interview – self/other; ACI-S/O) intended to capture this new definition was validated. In study I the interrater reliability and the concurrent validity of the ACI-S/O were assessed and found to be acceptable. There were significant differences in all variables of ACI-S/O between the four groups that participated in the study. Joy and interest had the highest ratings in all groups and guilt and shame had the lowest. By means of a factor analysis, two factors, labeled “general affect consciousness” and “consciousness about shame and guilt,” were obtained. General affect consciousness was related to different aspects of relational and emotional problems and possibly protection against them. In study II the clinical implications of AC were further explored in relation to eating disorders (ED). The level of AC in the ED group was compared with a comparable non-clinical group. The relation between AC and aspects of ED pathology were explored, as well as whether AC should be seen as a state or trait in patients diagnosed with ED. ACI-S/O was not significantly related to ED pathology or general psychological distress. There were no significant differences in AC between the different sub-diagnoses of ED but there were between the ED group and the non-clinical group. Significant pre-post correlations for both factors of ACI-S/O were found, indicating that AC could be seen as a stable dimension that might be important for ED pathology but is unrelated to ED symptoms. In study III the relationship between AC and self-reported attachment style (ASQ) was explored in a non-clinical group and three patient groups. There were significant correlations between all scores on ACI- S/O and the ASQ, with the exception of consciousness about guilt. Multiple regression analyses showed that AC, and especially others’ affects, contributed significantly to the ASQ subscales. AC and in particular own joy and others’ guilt and anger seem to be of importance for attachment style. In study IV the importance of AC for the treatment process was explored. Patients’ AC before therapy was significantly correlated with patients’ positive feelings towards their therapists but not with their alliance ratings. Patients’ warm and positive feelings were related to pre-therapy AC, whereas negative feelings were related to low alliance ratings in the previous sessions. / Det är viktigt för människans relationer och välbefinnande att ha en förmåga att medvetet uppleva, uttrycka egna samt svara på andras affekter. I denna avhandling studerades användbarheten av en ny definition av Affektmedvetenhet (AM), omfattande medvetande om egna och andras affekter samt validiteten i en intervju (affektmedvetenhetsintervjun-själv/andra; AMI-S/A) som avser att fånga den nya definitionen. I studie I undersöktes interbedömarreliabilitet och den samtidiga validiteten hos AMI-S/A. De befanns vara godtagbara. Det fanns signifikanta skillnader på alla delsskalor i AMI-S/A mellan de fyra grupper som deltog i studien. Affekterna glädje och intresse hade de högsta skattningarna i alla grupper och skuld och skam hade de lägsta. En faktoranalys genomfördes där två faktorer föll ut. De beskrevs som "Generell affektmedvetenhet" och "Medvetenhet om skam och skuld". Generell affektmedvetenhet visade sig vara relaterad till olika aspekter av relationella och känslomässiga problem och antogs skydda mot dessa. I studie II genomfördes vidare undersökning av den kliniska betydelsen av AM för ätstörningar. Nivån av AM hos patienter med ätstörningar jämfördes med en demografiskt jämförbar icke-klinisk grupp. Förhållandet mellan AM och ätstörningspatologi undersöktes. Någon signifikant relation mellan AMI-S/A och ätstörningssymtom eller allmän psykisk ohälsa hos ätstörningspatienterna hittades inte. Det fanns heller inga signifikanta skillnader i AM mellan olika undergrupper av ätstörning men däremot mellan hela ätstörningsgruppen och den icke-kliniska gruppen. Frågan om AM kan betraktas mer som ett drag eller tillstånd hos patienter med ätstörning utforskades. Det fanns signifikanta korrelationer mellan före och eftermätning på båda faktorerna på AMI-S/A. Resultaten tyder på att AM kan ses som en stabil dimension i sig själv som tycks vara viktig för ätstörningar, men som inte har samband med ätstörningssymtom. I studie III undersöktes förhållandet mellan AM och självrapporterad anknytningsstil (ASQ) i en icke-klinisk grupp och tre patientgrupper. Det fanns signifikanta korrelationer mellan alla skattningar på AMI-S/A och ASQ, med undantag av medvetenhet om skuld. Regressionsanalyser visade att AM, och speciellt medvetenhet om andras affekter, bidrog signifikant till anknytningsstilen. AM och i synnerhet egen glädje och andras skuld och ilska verkar vara av betydelse för anknytningsstil. I studie IV undersöktes betydelse av AM för behandlingsprocessen i olika former av samtalsbehandling. Patienternas AM före behandlingen var signifikant korrelerad med deras positiva känslor gentemot sina terapeuter vid det tredje samtalet, men inte med deras alliansskattning vid detta samtal. Patienternas negativa känslor var inte relaterade till deras AM före behandlingen men däremot till låg alliansskattning vid de tidigare samtalen.