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I detta examensarbete har vi undersökt vilket område klasslärare ansåg att det krävdes mest kompetens inom. Vi har även undersökt vad som är den största utmaningen och inom vilket område klasslärarna önskar mer utbildning då de har en elev med NPS-diagnos i klassrummet som tilldelats ett digitalt verktyg som kompensatoriskt hjälpmedel. Då tidigare forskning pekar på att pedagoger har brister på kompetens inom IT, ville vi undersöka om det fortfarande var så med tanke på att den digitala utvecklingen är snabb. Vi har med hjälp av deltagande klasslärare i en enkätundersökning och tre korta semistrukturerade intervjuer analyserat och presenterat resultatet samt satt det i relation till forskningsbakgrunden i vårt arbete. Resultatet från vår undersökning pekar på att klasslärarna anser att lärarrollens betydelse för relationer och motivation är det område det krävs störst komptens inom då de har en NPS-diagnostiserad elev som tilldelats ett digitalt verktyg som kompensatoriskt hjälpmedel. De anser även att det relationella perspektivet är den största utmaningen då man har dessa elever i klassrummet. Motiveringen till dessa två svar var i stort sett desamma. Klasslärarna menade att om man inte har någon god relation så spelar det digitala kompensatoriska hjälpmedlet ingen roll. Vi fick även en indikation på att klasslärarna trots detta, önskade utbildning inom IT.

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This research focus on key groups; students with dyslexia, librarians and teachers, and interaction between these two professional groups regarding students with dyslexia. In searching for the exchange of knowledge and experience to meet dyslexic students needs, I have in this study turned the attention to librarians and their experiences with students with dyslexia.The purpose of the research has been through semi-structured qualitative interviews with four librarians, to explore and describe how they experience their work, in working with pupils with severe reading and writing problems, dyslexia, and interaction with teachers on this user group. The qualitative approach in the gathering of the empirical evidence is based on a desire to have an indepth and thoroughly understanding of the librarians experience.All informants in this study indicate that they see it as a natural part of their duty to keep themselves updated about dyslexia and what materials to suit the dyslexic user group. The informants have knowledge of dyslexia and have great knowledge and keep abreast on the latest technology of compensatory aids - alternative tools.The informants have primary a consulting and supply function for teachers and dyslexic students, where they are consulted on  suitable material in both fiction and facts in various disciplines. The informants highlights the importance of planning and preparation time to find suitable material, as audio books or easy read, so students who have a need for this also can be provided. They also have a major role in seeking information, then todays school is very demanding on the students to seek information themselves. The informants experience is that this requirement pose serious difficulties for dyslexic students.There is some discrepancy in the informants role depending on the library that they are employed at, where assignments and resources are of importance. Interaction between teacher and librarian occurred in a greater proportion with the secondary scool librarians than with the municipal and city librarian. Secondary school libraries are direct target at school activities and assignments and secondary school librarians are situated in school. They have transparency and participation in school activities, facilitating the work to catch up and assist the dyslexic students needs, as well as interaction with teachers and school staff.The informants desire greater interaction and requested guidance to specify their work both on their own behalf, but above all to be clear externally. Since their experience is that teachers have little knowledge of what the library and the librarian may contribute with as resource in general and in particular for students with dyslexia and compensatory aids. This was particular the teachers who are referred to the municipal and city library, ie. those teachers who do not have the librarian in their immediate vicinity. The informants request more knowledge from the teachers regarding librarian skills to utilise the libraries potential as a collaboration partner.

Syftet med studien är att ur ett elevperspektiv undersöka vilka hinder samt möjligheter som kan identifieras i elevers användande av talböcker samt att få en uppfattning om hur elever uppfattar lärares attityd och kompetens inom detta område. Den metod som jag använt är enkäter som besvarats av elever i åk 4-9 som har ett Legimuskonto. Resultatet av enkätsvaren redovisas som tabeller och diagram samt genom redovisning av ett representativt urval av citat från respondenternas svar. Resultatet tolkas utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv (Vygotskij, 2001) samt utifrån en teori om stigmatisering (Goffman, 2014). Sammanfattningsvis visar resultaten att respondenterna i denna studie till största delen är positivt inställda till att använda talböcker. De menar att talböcker gör det lättare att förstå texter och ger dem möjlighet att uppleva spännande böcker som de annars hade haft svårt att läsa. Att kunna läsa samma böcker som sina klasskamrater ansågs också som en viktig aspekt. Trots den i grunden positiva inställningen hos flertalet respondenter framkom ett antal negativa faktorer såsom bristen på inlevelse hos inläsaren, att det är pinsamt att använda talböcker samt att de uppfattar det som att deras lärare tycker att fysiska böcker är bättre. Då det gäller hur respondenterna uppfattar lärares attityd och kompetens inom detta område visar resultaten på stora variationer. / The purpose of this study is to analyze the obstacles and possibilities that can be identified in students’ use of Talking Books and to get a sense of how students perceive teachers' attitudes and skills in this area. The method I used was a questionnaire answered by students in grade 4-9 that has a Legimus account. The result of the questionnaire is presented in tables and diagrams as well as a representative selection of quotes from the respondents. The results are interpreted based on a socio-cultural perspective (Vygotskij, 2001) as well as a theory of stigmatization (Goffman, 2014). In summary, the results show that respondents in this study for the most part are in favour of using Talking Books. They allege that Talking Books make it easier to understand texts and give them the opportunity to experience exciting books that they otherwise would have difficulty reading. Being able to read the same books as their classmates was also considered an important aspect. Despite the positive attitude of the majority of respondents, a number of negative factors was identified, such as the lack of expression in the reciter, the feeling that it is embarrassing to use Talking Books and the sense that their teacher thinks printed books are a better option. When it comes to how respondents perceive teachers’ attitudes and skills within the field, the results show great variations.

Syftet är att undersöka hur förlängd tid och inläst material kan förbättra provresultatet i läsförståelse för en grupp andraspråkselever på gymnasiet, vilken typ av uppgifter som kan vara särskilt problematiska, samt hur eleverna själva ser på sin egen läsförståelse. Såväl på nationella prov som i internationella studier såsom PISA och PIRLS får andraspråkselever generellt sämre resultat än förstaspråkselever och därför är det viktigt att ta reda på vilka svårigheter som finns och hur de kan övervinnas. Urvalsgruppen i studien består av elva pojkar i kursen svenska som andraspråk 1. Samtliga elever studerar på de yrkesförberedande programmen på gymnasiet. Genom prov, enkäter och intervjuer togs materialet fram. Resultaten visade att de elever som hade varit i Sverige längre tid generellt inte hade bättre resultat än elever som kommit till Sverige för fem år sedan eller mindre. Eleverna själva bedömde sin läsförståelse som relativt god, trots att ingen nådde upp till ett godkänt resultat på det första läsförståelsetestet. Eleverna hade svårare för uppgifter som krävde att de använde sig av inferenser, medan uppgifter som gick ut på att hitta information eller dra enkla slutsatser var lättare. När eleverna hade längre provtid och tillgång till inläst material förbättrades elevernas resultat väsentligt. Just inläst material visade sig vara en stor framgångsfaktor för många elever. Såväl minnet, koncentrationen och ordförståelsen blev bättre när eleverna fick lyssna på texterna. Resultaten kan vara av vikt när vi planerar, genomför och utvärderar andraspråkselevers undervisning för att eleverna ska få en chans att ta till sig innehållet och få visa sina kunskaper.

<h1>Abstract</h1><p> </p><p>People who have problems with the written language will face serious difficulties in todays society. Our social structur is based on the criterium that every individual has to be able to read and write, and for this reason it is important that pupils with learning difficulties receive help. The purpose of my investigation is to examine how children with reading- and writing difficulties can benefit throught creative methods. Children with reading- and writing difficulties are in need of these creative methods that exist today. Amongst all of our public healht issues, dyslexia is one of the biggest problem we have today and children are therefor in need of these creative methods.</p><p> </p><p>Through  qualitative<strong> </strong>interviews with two educationalists there has been established thad the creative way of working benefits children in many ways if it is preformed correctly. The methodes and the course of action has to be suited to every individual pupil and his or her way of learning. The two intervjues has showen that a good way of working with children can be established when the educationalist selects the best parts of different methods and through these parts creates his of her own way of working.</p>

The education in Swedish schools today should be for all children. This means that even if a pupil has reading and writing disabilities the education should be in the classroom with the rest of the pupils. The education should include every one. The aim of my study was to investigate the education with pupils that have reading and writing disabilities. I wanted to get a deeper knowledge about working methods that are used for pupils with these problems. In my study I have used qualitative research methods. I have used group interviews and observational studies. In addition to this I have also used informal interviews during the observational studies. One class teacher and one special teacher was interviewed and observed in the study. My results showed that pupils with reading and writing disabilities often were excluded from the classroom during a few lessons per week. The results also showed that the working methods that the class teacher and the special teacher use are different. The class teacher worked with the same working methods for all the children in the class while the special teacher was using the computer as a compensatory aid. For pupils with reading and writing disabilities the work with a computer as a compensatory aid is a motivating working method. The result also showed that cooperation between the class teacher and the special teacher is of great importance.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka elever med läs- och skrivsvårigheters skilda sätt att uppfatta användandet av talsyntes. Kvalitativa intervjuer har genomförts med nio elever i grundskolans årskurs tre till nio. Studien har utgått från en fenomenografisk ansats. I resultatet framkommer sex skilda uppfattningar om användandet av talsyntes. De sex kategorierna är: talsyntesen i användning, viktiga andra, autonomi och självständighet, lärande, delaktighet och förändring samt engagemang och attityd. Majoriteten av eleverna upplever användandet av talsyntes positivt. Studien pekar på att talsyntesen ökar elevernas lärande, motivation och delaktighet hos de allra flesta av eleverna. Elever med läs- och skrivsvårigheter är en heterogen grupp med olika behov beroende av vad som orsakar deras svårigheter och talsyntesens betydelse och användningsområden kan därför variera.  Studien visar att det är viktigt att införandet av talsyntes sker i dialog med eleven och att hon eller han har stora möjligheter att själv bestämma över när, hur och var den ska användas. Resultatet visar också att det är viktigt att det finns en god stöttning i början av användandet. / The aim of the study is to examine students with reading and writing difficulties different ways of perceiving the use of text-to speech. Qualitative interviews were conducted with nine students in the primary grades three to nine. The study was based on a phenomenographic approach. The result shows six different views on the use of text-to-speech. The six description categories are: text-to-speech  in use, significant others, autonomy and independence,  learning, participation and change and commitment and attitude. The majority of students experience the use of text-to-speech positively. The study indicates that text-to-speech increases student learning, motivation and participation of the vast majority of students. Students with reading and writing difficulties are a heterogeneous group with different needs depending on what is causing their difficulties and the importance and use of text-to-speech may therefore vary. It is important that the introduction of text-to-speech through discussion with the student and that she or he has great opportunity to decide when, how and where to use it. The result also shows that it is important with scaffolding at the beginning of use.

Abstract   People who have problems with the written language will face serious difficulties in todays society. Our social structur is based on the criterium that every individual has to be able to read and write, and for this reason it is important that pupils with learning difficulties receive help. The purpose of my investigation is to examine how children with reading- and writing difficulties can benefit throught creative methods. Children with reading- and writing difficulties are in need of these creative methods that exist today. Amongst all of our public healht issues, dyslexia is one of the biggest problem we have today and children are therefor in need of these creative methods.   Through  qualitative interviews with two educationalists there has been established thad the creative way of working benefits children in many ways if it is preformed correctly. The methodes and the course of action has to be suited to every individual pupil and his or her way of learning. The two intervjues has showen that a good way of working with children can be established when the educationalist selects the best parts of different methods and through these parts creates his of her own way of working.