Syftet med studien är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning gestaltningen av olika kön skiljer sig åt i svenska mediers rapportering kring kulturella skandaler, beroende på journalistens egna kön. Studiens fokus ligger i att undersöka Sara Danius och Horace Engdahl i krisen kring den Svenska Akademien, för att kunna jämföra svenska mediers rapportering av en kulturskandal, där både en kvinna och en man är inblandad. Det material som undersökts i studien är nyhetsartiklar från de sex största morgon- och kvällstidningarna i Sverige – Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Expressen, Göteborgs-Posten, Svenska Dagbladet och Sydsvenskan – vilka analyserats genom en kvantitativ innehållsanalys. Det teoretiska ramverk studien utgår från och som kan ge en förståelse för hur media gestaltar en skandal är; gestaltningsteori, medielogik, tonalitet och teorier om genus. Förutom dessa teorier har vi använt oss av relevant tidigare forskning inom skandaljournalistik och genus som indikerar att kvinnor och män gestaltas olika i media, inom politiska skandaler. Det blir därav intressant att undersöka om det även gäller en kulturell skandal samt om journalistens kön kan ha en betydelse för gestaltningen. Journalisters roll i rapporteringen och gestaltningen av skandalen är viktig, eftersom de har ett ansvar att vara objektiva samt att framställa de båda könen på ett likvärdigt sätt. Ur ett samhällsperspektiv blir studien intressant då mottagarna av en skandal påverkas av medias bild av hela händelseförloppet. Det resultat studien kommit fram till är att gestaltningen skiljer sig åt i hur kvinnliga och manliga journalister gestaltar de båda huvudpersonerna i skandalen kring den Svenska Akademien. Kvinnliga journalister fokuserar mer på huvudpersonens personliga egenskaper, utseende och yrkesroll, samt använder sig i större utsträckning av medielogikens berättarteknik personifiering. Kvinnliga journalister använder även i större utsträckning både mer positiv och negativ tonalitet i sina texter om Danius och Engdahl, medan manliga journalister överlag är mer neutrala i sin tonalitet. Resultatet visar även att det generellt läggs ett större fokus på både Danius yrkesroll och utseende än hos Engdahl, samt att journalisten syns mer i texten i de artiklar som främst handlar om Engdahl. Medielogikens berättarteknik personifiering syns även i större utsträckning när Engdahl gestaltas än Danius. När artikeln främst handlar om Danius är tonaliteten mot henne överlag mer positiv, medan när artikeln främst handlar om Engdahl är tonaliteten mot honom överlag mer negativ. Den som artikeln inte främst handlar om framställs med neutral tonalitet. I de fall bilder finns med i artikeln framkommer det att dessa i större utsträckning är gynnsamma för Danius, när artikeln främst handlar om henne. När artikeln främst handlar om Engdahl är eventuella bilder i större utsträckning mer neutrala eller missgynnsamma. Slutsatsen är att kvinnor och män gestaltas olika i skandalen kring den Svenska Akademien och att gestaltningen skiljer sig åt beroende på om journalisten är en kvinna eller man. Däremot är det svårtatt uttala sig om att alla kulturella skandaler skulle få samma utfall, då båda Sara Danius och Horace Engdahl är två särpräglade och unika individer med starka karaktärsdrag. / The purpose of the study is to examine to what extent the framing of different genders differs in Swedish media reporting on cultural scandals, depending on the journalists own gender. The study emphasizes on Sara Danius and Horace Engdahl in the crisis regarding the Swedish Academy, in order to be able to compare Swedish media reporting of a cultural scandal involving both a woman and a man. The empirical data that was examined in the study was news articles from six of the largest morning- and evening newspapers in Sweden – Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Expressen, Göteborgs-Posten, Svenska Dagbladet and Sydsvenskan – which has been analyzed through a quantitative content analysis. The theoretical framework is based on framing, media logic, tonality and theories of gender, which can give an understanding of how the media portrays a scandal. In addition to these mentioned theories, we have used relevant previous research in scandal journalism and gender which indicates that women and men are portrayed differently in the media, within political scandals. It was therefore interesting to investigate whether this also could be applied on a cultural scandal and if the gender of the journalist could have a bearing on the framing. The journalists role in reporting and depictions of a scandal are significant, they have a responsibility to be objective and to depict the two sexes in an equal manner. From a society perspective, the study becomes interesting as the recipients of a scandal are affected by the media's portrayal of the entire course of events. The study concluded that the framing differs in how female and male journalists portray the two main characters in the scandal regarding the Swedish Academy. Female journalists are more prone to emphasize personal characteristics, appearance and professional role, and make greater use of media logic's personification. Female journalists also used both more positively and negative tonality in their context regarding Danius and Engdahl, while male journalists generally are more neutral in their tonality. The results also show that there is generally a greater focus on Danius professional role and appearance than with Engdahl, and that the journalists are more visible in the context of the articles that are primarily about Engdahl. Media logic's personification is also seen to a greater extent when Engdahl is portrayed than Danius. When the article is mainly about Danius, the tonality towards her is generally more positive, while when the article is mainly about Engdahl, the tonality towards him is generally more negative. Whoever the article is not primarily about is portrayed with a neutral tonality. In cases where images are included in the article, it show that these are favorable to Danius, when the article is mainly about her. When the article is mainly about Engdahl, the images are either neutral or unfavorable. To summarizse, women and men are portrayed differently in the scandal regarding the Swedish Academy and that the framing differs depending on whether the journalist is a woman or a man. However, it is difficult to say that all cultural scandals would have the same outcome, as both Sara Danius and Horace Engdahl are two unique individuals with strong traits.

Among Swedish cultural journalists, conflict and debates are common. It has long been atradition in the cultural pages of newspapers to be a voice in societal debates that discussessubjects like racism, feminism and class issues. The cultural pages have gone throughchanges in the modern era of digitization and economic issues. Because of that, culturaljournalists and critics need to bring something new or unique to be more visible in the newmedia landscape.This study is a case study of two modern debates that revolves around critics and literaturecritique. The purpose of the study was to investigate the cultural journalism field and how theactors in the field position themselves and others in this hierarchy. We wanted to study howthese debates start and develop over time, what the actors describe as good or bad critiqueand how they express that in the debate. By using the framework of Bourdieu's field theorywe could differentiate the capital that the actors possessed and the position and power theymanage in the field.The results showed that the actors that contribute to the debate put on a role. Every rolecarries a different purpose. The idea of what critique should be and what defines good or badcritique was different between every actor in the field but the basic idea was the same. Themain rule was that critique and the critic should work as an informant for the consumer. Thusthey need to be subjective, honest and able to add something new that the author or the bookcannot. The main goal when critiquing an actor in the debate is to undermine the capital andposition that they embody. Many of the writers felt a need to protect the doxa in the fieldsince it is important to their position, capital and therefore the power that they inhabit in thefield. The doxa that they identify with is used as their weapon in the debate to denounce theidea they do not agree with.

Uppsatsens syfte är att studera skillnader mellan kultur- och sportjournalistik för att kunna undersöka vad dessa skillnader har för grunder och betydelser för vår uppfattning om kultur och sport i samhället. Varför låter sport- och kulturjournalistik så olika? Vad har det för betydelse? Genom att detaljstudera två av Sveriges Radios nyhetsprogram, Kulturnytt och Radiosportens nyheter, görs skillnader mellan de två genrerna tydliga och konkreta. Skillnaderna analyseras utifrån begrepp som genre, hegemoni, dikotomi och uppdelningen mellan hög och låg samhällelig status. Uppsatsens slutsatser är att uppdelningen mellan sport och kultur hålls stabil genom journalistiska genrer, vilka i sin tur är skapade efter uttryckens olika samhälleliga status. Kulturens och sportens historiska bakgrunder och nutida plats i den samhälleliga diskursen speglas så i de journalistiska skillnaderna. Resultatet av undersökningen gestaltas i ett ljudverk som syftar till att tydliggöra hur skillnaderna ser ut genom att vända på genrerna. Hur låter det om man rapporterar om kultur som om det vore sport och hur skulle ett reportage om en sporthändelse låta med kulturjournalistikens verktyg? / The purpose of this dissertation is to study and examine the differences between culture and sports journalism to examine what the grounds of the differences are, and what the consequences are for our understanding of culture and sport in society. Why do sports and culture journalism sound so different? And, what does it mean? Through detailed study of two Swedish Radio news programmes, Kulturnytt and Radiosportens nyheter, the differences between the two genres is made evident and concrete. The differences are analysed through concepts as genre, hegemony, dichotomy and the division between high and low social status. The conclusions of this dissertation are that the division between sport and culture is kept stable by journalistic genres, which in turn is created by the expressions differences in social status. Culture and sport's historical background and contemporary place in the discourse is thus reflected in the journalistic differences. The results of the genre examination are interpreted in a radio piece, aiming to clarify how the differences are constructed by reversing the genres. How would it sound to report on culture as if it were sports, and how could a story about a sport event sound using the instruments of culture journalism?

At the centre of this study lies the question if normative gender thinking affects the way poetry gets reviewed and how the reviews are written, this in relation to both the gender of the reviewer and the poet. The study crosses three academic fields; gender studies, poetry and journalism, and is based on the cultural studies theory of media affecting and even creating the world around it. The study is based on two types of analysis. One quantitative analysis based on the thematic criticism theory about detail studies that shows bigger patterns, this analysis focuses on how the poet and his/hers work are being treated in the reviews in areas such as how much space they´re given in the newspapers, how they are named by the reviewer and the tendency to quote the reviewed work.  And one qualitative analysis based on the new criticism method of close reading, that focuses on the reviewers way of writing and how that may be connected with theories of gender differences, this both connected to the gender of the reviewers and the poets. The material chosen for this study are all the reviews that were published in the same newspapers and that reviewed two specific poetry works by two specific poets chosen with great sensibility to age and career so that their difference in gender would be the most significant difference between them. The works were chosen based on year of publishing, they were supposed to be published as newly as possible and as close to each other in time as possible. The works I ended up with were Dimman av allt (2001) and Svart som silver (2008) by Bruno K. Öijer and Silverskåp (2000) and Nu försvinner vi eller ingår (2007) by Birgitta Lillpers. The results of this study show several differences in how poetry is being judged and how poetry reviews are being written are connected with the gender of the poets and the reviewer. Lillpers got 35% less space in the newspapers and Öijers poetry got quoted a lot more which confirms that female poetry often is considered as less important than the male poetry, and that men in general tends to be judged as more professional than woman. The male reviewers tended to express themselves with greater certainty than the female reviewers who held a more professional tone in their reviews and focused more on the technical aspects of the poetry. This confirms the theory of the male words are being looked upon as the truth but contradicts the theory of women writing more based on personal experience and of women being less skilled in language techniques. In conclusion, there are differences in how poetry gets reviewed and how the reviews are written that are connected to the genders of the poet and the reviewer but these differences are complex and does not show a clear normative way of thinking about gender

<p>At the centre of this study lies the question of how research-related media texts contribute to the social construction of sex and gender conceptions when they use research, either as a main source, or to support or comment on specific issues and statements, from the political arena, for example. The principal aim of the study has been to analyze and problematize the ways in which different types of newspapers, genres and editorial sections reproduce, or contribute to change, in existing gender discourses. </p><p> The material was collected from two Swedish newspapers during the year 2001: the national morning paper Dagens Nyheter (DN), and the national evening paper Aftonbladet. </p><p>The theories of discourse, agenda-setting and -framing in this study are related to the questions: what kinds of knowledge on women and men, and biological, physiological, psychological, social and cultural perspectives on sex/gender are represented; how are they described; and how do content and form contribute to the (re)production of, or change in, gender discourses? The main analytical perspectives are those about gender discourse (re)production, genres as ideological forms, and the epistemologies of journalism. </p><p> A combination of analytical strategies and methods was used: content and thematic analysis, and qualitative analysis of text and language with methodological tools from different traditions of discourse analysis. </p><p> In my study, I can see an interplay between research traditions and genre conventions in the (re)production of gender discourses. Since the news sections repeatedly choose to publish research as empiric and in the form of results, and then within that, primarily findings from medicine and the social sciences, these areas are reproduced as important and relevant, and as producers of objective, true knowledge that can be presented as simple facts. Research-related texts in culture journalism, on the other hand, follow the tradition of primarily treating research within the humanities, and nowadays also gender and queer theoretical perspectives within different disciplines. Through the genre conventions of culture journalism, this research is reproduced as something that you can reflect upon, problematize, criticize, form an opinion of, and judge.</p><p> The study also gives reason to argue that media logic and institutionalized genre conventions contribute to the reproduction of science and research as different worlds and cultures, in which the natural sciences and the humanities are found in different media spaces, and different forms of knowledge about sex/gender are given space on different conditions and in different forms. </p>

At the centre of this study lies the question of how research-related media texts contribute to the social construction of sex and gender conceptions when they use research, either as a main source, or to support or comment on specific issues and statements, from the political arena, for example. The principal aim of the study has been to analyze and problematize the ways in which different types of newspapers, genres and editorial sections reproduce, or contribute to change, in existing gender discourses. The material was collected from two Swedish newspapers during the year 2001: the national morning paper Dagens Nyheter (DN), and the national evening paper Aftonbladet. The theories of discourse, agenda-setting and -framing in this study are related to the questions: what kinds of knowledge on women and men, and biological, physiological, psychological, social and cultural perspectives on sex/gender are represented; how are they described; and how do content and form contribute to the (re)production of, or change in, gender discourses? The main analytical perspectives are those about gender discourse (re)production, genres as ideological forms, and the epistemologies of journalism. A combination of analytical strategies and methods was used: content and thematic analysis, and qualitative analysis of text and language with methodological tools from different traditions of discourse analysis. In my study, I can see an interplay between research traditions and genre conventions in the (re)production of gender discourses. Since the news sections repeatedly choose to publish research as empiric and in the form of results, and then within that, primarily findings from medicine and the social sciences, these areas are reproduced as important and relevant, and as producers of objective, true knowledge that can be presented as simple facts. Research-related texts in culture journalism, on the other hand, follow the tradition of primarily treating research within the humanities, and nowadays also gender and queer theoretical perspectives within different disciplines. Through the genre conventions of culture journalism, this research is reproduced as something that you can reflect upon, problematize, criticize, form an opinion of, and judge. The study also gives reason to argue that media logic and institutionalized genre conventions contribute to the reproduction of science and research as different worlds and cultures, in which the natural sciences and the humanities are found in different media spaces, and different forms of knowledge about sex/gender are given space on different conditions and in different forms.