Cette thèse retrace l’histoire de la biscuiterie Huntley and Palmers, implantée à Reading de 1841 à 1977. Elle étudie le développement de l’entreprise à travers ses successives innovations et modernisations, d’une firme familiale traditionnelle à une entreprise moderne qui finit absorbée par de plus grands groupes. Ce travail examine l’impact de ce géant de l’industrie biscuitière sur la société britannique et plus largement le monde à travers une étude de sa production alimentaire ainsi que de sa production visuelle, en mobilisant des éléments de culture matérielle des archives officielles de la firme ainsi que d’autres fonds originaux. La thèse étudie également en profondeur la question du paternalisme tel qu’il est pratiqué par Huntley and Palmers, afin de re-situer ces pratiques et l’idéologie qui les motive dans un contexte national. Elle évalue ces pratiques à l’aune des différentes variétés de paternalisme existantes et retrace l’évolution d’une forme de paternalisme typique du dix-neuvième siècle vers un « nouveau paternalisme » institutionnalisé puis un « post-paternalisme » propre aux entreprises modernes. Enfin, le travail porte un intérêt tout particulier à mêler la perspective des employeurs à celle des employés, afin de dépasser la vision de l’entreprise donnée par les archives officielles. / This thesis recounts the history of the Huntley and Palmers biscuit company, based in Reading from 1841 to 1977. It examines the development of the company through the successive innovations and modernisations, from the traditional family firm to the modern firm that would eventually be absorbed by larger groups. This work studies the impact of the biscuit giant on British society and on the world at large by a survey of its production, in terms of food as well as visual production, by using elements of material culture present in the company’s official archives as well as original collections. It also investigates the question of paternalism and paternalist practices at Huntley and Palmers’, so as to locate these measures and the ideology behind them in a national context. These practices are assessed in the light of the different varieties of paternalism and enable us to map the evolution from a typical nineteenth-century brand of paternalism towards institutionalised “new paternalism” followed by a form of “post-paternalism” characteristic of modern companies. Finally, the thesis lays emphasis on combining the employers’ perspective with that of the employees in order to go beyond the vision of the company that transpires from the official archives.

Uppsatsen Ingenjörkompaniets förändring från NBG-08 till NBG-11 – En myt eller sanning? behandlar ingenjörkompaniet under Nordic Battlegroup-08 respektive Nordic Battlegroup-11. Uppsatsens skildrar de skillnader vilka fanns på respektive kompani avseende organisationen, materiel och utrustning samt de krav och uppgifter vilka kompaniet hade. Detta har genomförts med en komparation mellan de respektive kompanierna. Syftet med uppsatsen är att se vilken inverkan tidigare organisationer har på framställandet av en ny organisation under respektive Nordic Battlegroup. I detta fallet ingenjörkompaniet under respektive Nordic Battlegroup. En komparation mellan de två olika kompanierna innefattande tre av de grundläggande förmågorna verkan, rörlighet och uthållighet har genomförts kopplat mot två av krigsföringsförmågorna, konceptuella- och fysiska förmågorna. Resultatet av studien visar att slutsatser kopplade till i huvudsak brister kring kommunikationen mellan respektive ingenjörkompani där inget eller mycket begränsat erfarenhetsutbyte genomförts mellan dessa. Detta resulterade i att ingenjörkompaniets utveckling kan sammanfattas som uppbyggnaden av en helt ny organisation snarare än en reorganisation där erfarenheter och lärdommar hjälpt till att bygga upp den ”nya” organisationen. / The essay "Changes in the engineer coy between NBG-08 to NBG-11 -  A myth or truth?" deals with the engineer company under Nordic Battlegroup-08 and Nordic Battlegroup-11. The essay depicts the differences that existed between the respective companies regarding organization, material and equipment, as well as requirements and tasks, and has been conducted through a comparison between the respective companies. The purpose of the essay is to see which effect earlier organizations has on the preparation of a new organization under the respective Nordic Battlegroup. In this case, the engineer company under the respective Nordic Battlegroup. A comparison between the two different companies, containing three of the basic skills: effect, movement and endurance, has been conducted linked to two of the warfare skills, conceptual and physical skills. The result of the study shows conclusions connected to mainly lack of communication between the respective engineer companies, where no, or very limited, experience exchanges have been made between them. This resulted in that the development of the engineer company can be summarized as the construction of a completely new organization rather than a reorganization, where experience and lessons learned could have helped building the "new" organization.

Swedish military logistics are in large part dependent on civilian business assets in the acquisition of certain materiel. Here are products with high commercial-turnover-rate, which for a military organization who want to be able to buy the same product years later makes it difficult. The Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV) and their consultant partners frequently run into this problem in their support functions, specifically the integrated logistics support (ILS) process. By request of the FMV consultant partner Svekon, the main purpose of the study is to investigate the subject of Swedish logistics and general ILS processes. This with the goal of determining how suitable ILS-processes can be designed for materiel systems with high-turnover-rates. The study is divided into investigations of the ILS subject, the current process within FMV and its partners, and factors around Swedish defence-logistics that play a part in the process. Methods include interviewing personnel who work within two exemplified materiel areas, including FMV, Svekon, civilian contractors, and the users within the Swedish Armed Forces (SwAF). Second is a literature study based on prior works and theories around ILS and Swedish logistics conduct, including models, guidelines, and factors that contribute to an efficient ILS-process. With the gathered material from both methods the major contributing factors and models are discussed and put into highlighting an ILS-framework to follow. The conclusion through a broader understanding of military logistics suggests that the term “logistics” and suitability of “efficiency” are in large part up to interpretation by the different actors, due to different underlying processes and goals. As such, the final contribution is a set of universal success factors that with the example of an applied ILS-framework for Svekon can be used by any ILS actor to construct a process according to their background. / Svensk militärlogistik är till stor del beroende av civila affärstillgångar vid anskaffning av viss materiel. Här finns produkter med hög kommersiell omsättningshastighet, vilket för en militär organisation som vill kunna köpa samma produkter år senare gör det svårt. Försvarets materielverk (FMV) och deras konsultparter upplever detta som ett problem i sina stödfunktioner, så kallat integrerat logistikstöd (ILS). På begäran av FMV:s konsultpart Svekon är huvudsyftet med studien att undersöka ämnet kring svensk logistik och allmänna ILS-processer. Detta med målet att avgöra hur anpassade ILS-processer kan utformas för materielsystem med hög omsättningshastighet. Studien är indelad i utredningar av ILS-ämnet, den nuvarande processen inom FMV och dess partners samt faktorer kring svensk försvarslogistik som påverkar processen. Metoder inkluderar intervjuer på personal som arbetar inom två av dessa materielområden, bland annat FMV, Svekon, civila företag, och brukarna inom Försvarsmakten (FM). Andra metoden är en litteraturstudie baserad på tidigare arbeten och teorier kring ILS och svenskt logistikbeteende, inklusive modeller, riktlinjer och faktorer som bidrar till en effektiv ILS-process. Med det insamlade materialet från båda metoderna diskuteras bidragande faktorer och modeller som sedan kan användas i ett applicerbart ILS-ramverk. Slutsatsen genom en bredare förståelse av militär logistik antyder att begreppen "logistik" och anpassning av "effektivitet" till stor del är upp till tolkning av de olika aktörerna, på grund av individuella bakomliggande processer och mål. Genom detta blir det slutliga bidraget en uppsättning av universella framgångsfaktorer som appliceras i ett tillämpat exempel på ILS-ramverk, baserat på Svekon som användare. Med faktorerna och de presenterade modellerna kan sedan vilken ILS-aktör som helst i processen utforma ett eget ramverk baserat på sin egen bakgrund.

L'objectif du travail présenté dans cette thèse est de répondre à un verrou fondamental, qui est «comment programmer d'une manière rigoureuse et efficace des applications embarquées sur des plateformes multi-coeurs?». Cette problématique pose plusieurs défis: 1) le développement d'une approche rigoureuse basée sur les modèles pour pouvoir garantir la correction; 2) le « mariage » entre modèle physique et modèle de calcul, c'est-à-dire, l'intégration du fonctionnel et non-fonctionnel; 3) l'adaptabilité. Pour s'attaquer à ces défis, nous avons développé un flot de conception rigoureux autour du langage BIP. Ce flot de conception permet l'exploration de l'espace de conception, le traitement à diffèrent niveaux d'abstraction à la fois pour la plate-forme et l'application, la génération du code et le déploiement sur des plates-formes multi-cœurs. La méthode utilisée s'appuie sur des transformations source-vers-source des modèles BIP. Ces transformations sont correctes-par-construction. Nous illustrons ce flot de conception avec la modélisation et le déploiement de plusieurs applications sur deux plates-formes différentes. La première plate-forme considérée est MPARM, une plate-forme virtuelle, basée sur des processeurs ARM et structurée avec des clusters, où chacun contient plusieurs cœurs. Pour cette plate-forme, nous avons considérée les applications suivantes: la factorisation de Cholesky, le décodage MPEG-2, le décodage MJPEG, la Transformée de Fourier Rapide et un algorithme de demosaicing. La seconde plate-forme est P2012/STHORM, une plate-forme multi-cœur, basée sur plusieurs clusters capable d'une gestion énergétique efficace. L'application considérée sur P2012/STHORM est l'algorithme HMAX. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent l'intérêt du flot de conception, notamment l'analyse rapide des performances ainsi que la modélisation au niveau du système, la génération de code et le déploiement. / The advent of many-core platforms is nowadays challenging our capabilities for efficient and predictable design. To meet this challenge, designers need methods and tools for guaranteeing essential properties and determining tradeoffs between performance and efficient resource management. In the process of designing a mixed software/hardware system, functional constraints and also extra-functional specifications should be taken into account as an essential part for the design of embedded systems. The impact of design choices on the overall behavior of the system should also be analyzed. This implies a deep understanding of the interaction between application software and the underlying execution platform. We present a rigorous model-based design flow for building parallel applications running on top of many-core platforms. The flow is based on the BIP - Behavior, Interaction, Priority - component framework and its associated toolbox. The method allows generation of a correct-by-construction mixed hardware/software system model for manycore platforms from an application software and a mapping. It is based on source-to-source correct-by-construction transformations of BIP models. It provides full support for modeling application software and validation of its functional correctness, modeling and performance analysis of system-level models, code generation and deployment on target many-core platforms. Our design flow is illustrated through the modeling and deployment of various software applications on two different hardware platforms; MPARM and platform P2012/STHORM. MPARM is a virtual ARM-based multi-cluster manycore platform, configured by the number of clusters, the number of ARM cores per cluster, and their interconnections. On MPARM, the software applications considered are the Cholesky factorization, the MPEG-2 decoding, the MJPEG decoding, the Fast Fourier Transform and the Demosaicing algorithm. Platform 2012 (P2012/STHORM) is a power efficient manycore computing fabric, which is highly modular and based on multiple clusters capable of aggressive fine-grained power management. As a case study on P2012/STHORM, we used the HMAX algorithm. Experimental results show the merits of the design flow, notably performance analysis as well as correct-by-construction system level modeling, code generation and efficient deployment.

I ett projekt under våren 2020 utformades en metod för att skapa klädesplagg, och en jacka producerades. Jacka - Juni - 2020 ställer sig frågande till modernitetens värderande och standardiserande efter siffror. Jackan konstrueras med den äldre måttenheten aln som baseras på den individuella kroppen istället för massproduktionens generella mått. Den blickar tillbaka på en dåtid från sin samtid utan att utesluta sin samhörighet med någon utav dem. Jacka - Juni - 2020 är en första standardmodell producerad för hand, för att med enkelhet kunna reproduceras efter andra alnar.

The Swedish Defence Materiel Administration, FMV’s, test site in Vidsel, Norrbotten, has access to the largest area for testing and evaluating military aircraft, missiles and unmanned vehicles over land in Europe. The facility has the capacity to create many different types of test enviroments, which are continously developed to meet the customers growing requirements where the main focus is using different types of aerial targets. This project is a thesis for a Master in Mechanical Engineering and Machine Design. The purpose of the project was to develop a new brake system for the aerial tow target, SM3C. The goal of the project was to come up with a concept with enough support to say what, why and how the new concept meets the desired requirements. With a structured and iterative product development process, based on Ulrich & Eppingers theories, the identified needs of the new brake system and data from the existing product resulted in a product specification with quantifiable metrics. From the development process and product specification, the project resulted in a detailed and designed concept that was more standardized, modular and less complex than the existing product with support from theoretical analysis, experiments and simulations of the brake system. / Försvarets Materialverk, FMVs, provplats i Vidsel, Norrbotten, har tillgång till Europas största provområde för test och evaluering av stridsflygplan, robotar och obemannade farkoster över land. Provplatsen kan presentera en mängd olika testmiljöer som kontinuerligt utvecklas för att möta kundernas växande krav där fokus ligger på olika typer av luftmål. Projektet innefattar ett examensarbete för en civilingenjörsutbildning i maskinteknik med syfte att utveckla ett nytt bromssystem till det luftburna släpmålet, SM3C. Målet med projektet var att tillsammans med en funktionsanalys av det befintliga bromsystemet komma fram till ett koncept med tillräckligt underlag som kunde påvisa vad, varför och hur konceptet uppfyller de önskade kraven. Med en strukturerad och iterativ produktutvecklingsprocess, baserad på Ulrich & Eppingers teorier, bearbetades behoven av ett nytt bromssystem tillsammans med analysen av den befintliga produkten vilket gav en kravspecifikation med kvantifierbar data. Utifrån kravspecifikationen och utvecklingsprocessen, resulterade projektet i ett detaljkonstruerat koncept som var mer standardiserat, modulärt och mindre komplext än befintligt system med stöd från utförda analyser, experiment och simuleringar.

Durant ces dernières années, les émissions de CO2 liées à l’utilisation des voitures ont atteint des niveaux critiques contribuant au réchauffement climatique et causant des problèmes de santé. Afin de réduire ces émissions, l’industrie automobile française a décidé de réduire la masse des véhicules via l’utilisation de matériaux plus légers tels que les matériaux composites. Cependant, les techniques d'assemblage classiquement utilisées ne sont pas compatibles pour assembler ces nouveaux matériaux à la structure du véhicule (acier et aluminium). Le principal objectif de cette étude a donc été la caractérisation et la modélisation de nouvelles techniques d'assemblages multimatériaux permettant une bonne résistance mécanique.Quatre techniques d’assemblages multi-matériaux (métal/composite) ont été étudiées : (i) le collage par goujon, (ii) la soudure laser, (iii) le rivetage auto-perçant et (iv) le collage. Des essais traditionnels de simple recouvrement et de traction transverse ont été utilisés pour caractériser les deux premières techniques. Ensuite, un nouveau test de caractérisation basé sur un dispositif Arcan modifié a été proposé pour analyser le comportement des assemblages rivetés et le collage. Parmi les quatre techniques testées, le collage a été retenu comme la technique la plus adaptée aux exigences de l'industrie. Par conséquent, des essais Arcan ont été réalisés afin de déterminer le comportement quasi-statique des adhésifs de l’étude (Betamate1822 et Sikapower498). Ces essais ont ensuite été utilisés pour proposer et identifier une nouvelle loi de comportement 3D viscoélastique spectrale non-linéaire. La procédure d'identification des paramètres des adhésifs n'est basée que sur trois essais de fluage multiniveaux, permettant un dimensionnement rapide des structures collées. Enfin, la loi de comportement proposée a été validée grâce à la bonne corrélation entre les prédictions numériques et les courbes expérimentales des essais monotones à différents vitesses de sollicitation et des essais de traction incrémentale.La présente étude a été développée dans le cadre d’un projet automobile. Néanmoins, les conclusions et les perspectives de l'étude peuvent être extrapolées à d'autres domaines tout aussi intéressants. / Nowadays, the emissions of CO2 due to the use of automobiles have reached critical levels causing global warming and health problems. In order to reduce these emissions, the French automotive industry has decided to reduce the car weight by means of the use of lighter materials such as composite materials. However, the classical joining techniques are not adapted to assembly these new materials to the structure of the car (aluminum and steel alloys). Therefore, the characterization and modeling of new joining techniques of dissimilar materials is a problem that has been treated in the current study.Four different joining techniques of dissimilar materials (metal/composite) have been studied: (i) stud bonding, (ii) laser welding, (iii) self-pierce riveting and (iv) adhesive bonding systems. Traditional lap-shear and cross-tension tests were used to characterize the first two joining techniques. Then, a new characterization test based on a modified Arcan device has been proposed to analyze the behavior of self-piercing rivet and adhesive bonding systems. Among all the four tested techniques, adhesive joints have been selected as the most adapted technique according to the requirements of the industry. Therefore, modified Arcan tests have been performed in order to determine the behavior of the adhesives of the study (Betamate1822 and Sikapower498). These tests were then used to propose and identify a new 3D non-linear viscoelastic spectral model. The identification procedure of the material parameters is only based on three multilevel creep tests, which permits the rapid dimensioning of adhesively bonded structures. Finally, the proposed behavior law was validated by the good concordance between the numerical predictions and the experimental curves of monotonic tests at different loading rates and increasing cyclic tests.The current study was developed in the framework of an automotive project. Nevertheless, the conclusions and prospects of the study can be extrapolated to other interesting fields.

The thesis Higher Cicrcles in Defence Sector and Corruption in Defence Materiel Procurement in the Czech Republic deals with the question of presence of military-industrial complex (MIC) in the Czech society and economy after than more 65 years its constitution in Czechoslovakia by communist defence minister A. Čepička. His effort was initiated by a confidential wish expressed by J. V. Stalin in 1951 within a political meeting with defence ministers newly established people's republics in East Europa. Due to fact that MIC is usually linked with corruption, the thesis deals with the issue of corruption in acquisition of defence materiel; in particular, after 1994 when the first design of building-up the Czech military power was adapted as well as the first acquisition plan of military materiel was introduced for the next 10 years. So, the aim of the thesis is to verify the theory MIC's presence in the Czech Republic and to diagnose the stage of corruption in acquisition of military materiel at the Ministry of Defence. Author scrutinised the validity of two hypotheses: (H1) the MIC is in the Czech Republic omnipresent and (H2) the corruption in acquisition of military materiel at the Ministry of Defence is the stage of systemic corruption. With application of comparative analysis comparing the Czech...

System dynamics modelling has been used for around 40 years to address complex, systemic, dynamic problems, those often described as wicked. But, system dynamics modelling is not an exact science and arguments about the most suitable techniques to use in which circumstances, continues. The nature of these wicked problems is investigated through a series of case studies where poor situational awareness among stakeholders was identified. This was found to be an underlying cause for management failure, suggesting need for better ways of recognising and managing wicked problem situations. Human cognition is considered both as a limitation and enabler to decision-making in wicked problem environments. Naturalistic and deliberate decision-making are reviewed. The thesis identifies the need for integration of qualitative and quantitative techniques. Case study results and a review of the literature led to identification of a set of principles of method to be applied in an integrated framework, the aim being to develop an improved way of addressing wicked problems. These principles were applied to a series of cases in an action research setting. However, organisational and political barriers were encountered. This limited the exploitation and investigation of cases to varying degrees. In response to a need identified in the literature review and the case studies, a tool is designed to facilitate analysis of multi-factorial, non-linear causality. This unique tool and its use to assist in problem conceptualisation, and as an aid to testing alternate strategies, are demonstrated. Further investigation is needed in relation to the veracity of combining causal influences using this tool and system dynamics, broadly. System dynamics modelling was found to have utility needed to support analysis of wicked problems. However, failure in a particular modelling project occurred when it was found necessary to rely on human judgement in estimating values to be input into the models. This was found to be problematic and unacceptably risky for sponsors of the modelling effort. Finally, this work has also identified that further study is required into: the use of human judgement in decision-making and the validity of system dynamics models that rely on the quantification of human judgement.

System dynamics modelling has been used for around 40 years to address complex, systemic, dynamic problems, those often described as wicked. But, system dynamics modelling is not an exact science and arguments about the most suitable techniques to use in which circumstances, continues. The nature of these wicked problems is investigated through a series of case studies where poor situational awareness among stakeholders was identified. This was found to be an underlying cause for management failure, suggesting need for better ways of recognising and managing wicked problem situations. Human cognition is considered both as a limitation and enabler to decision-making in wicked problem environments. Naturalistic and deliberate decision-making are reviewed. The thesis identifies the need for integration of qualitative and quantitative techniques. Case study results and a review of the literature led to identification of a set of principles of method to be applied in an integrated framework, the aim being to develop an improved way of addressing wicked problems. These principles were applied to a series of cases in an action research setting. However, organisational and political barriers were encountered. This limited the exploitation and investigation of cases to varying degrees. In response to a need identified in the literature review and the case studies, a tool is designed to facilitate analysis of multi-factorial, non-linear causality. This unique tool and its use to assist in problem conceptualisation, and as an aid to testing alternate strategies, are demonstrated. Further investigation is needed in relation to the veracity of combining causal influences using this tool and system dynamics, broadly. System dynamics modelling was found to have utility needed to support analysis of wicked problems. However, failure in a particular modelling project occurred when it was found necessary to rely on human judgement in estimating values to be input into the models. This was found to be problematic and unacceptably risky for sponsors of the modelling effort. Finally, this work has also identified that further study is required into: the use of human judgement in decision-making and the validity of system dynamics models that rely on the quantification of human judgement.