L’objectif de la présente étude est de démontrer comment Zola, dans L’Assommoir considère l’alcool et comment le naturalisme est un outil pour faire la leçon sans esthétique, ou plutôt en ayant développé une esthétique nouvelle, dure et brute. Nous avons également essayé d’analyser en quoi l’esthétique de l’alcool épouse ou nuance le message moralisateur de l’auteur dans cette oeuvre. Nous avons mis en relief les relations de cause à effet entre l’alcoolisme et la médiocrité humaine. L’idée directrice est que si la médiocrité peut toucher tous les hommes, quelle que soit leur classe sociale, elle touche plus souvent et plus durement la classe ouvrière, les laissés pour compte, en les conduisant ou en s’ajoutant en plus à la détresse sociale, financière, et la faim. Nous avons ainsi constaté en quoi l’alcoolisme est le principal facteur déclencheur et accélérateur de cette médiocrité, qu’elle brise les rêves et enchaine à la misère. / The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how Zola in L’Assommoir considers alcohol and how naturalism is a tool to lecture without aesthetics, or rather develops a new aesthetic, hard and brutal. We have also tried to analyse how the aesthetics of alcohol marries or nuances the moralizing message of the author in this work. We have highlighted the cause and effect relationship between alcohol and human mediocrity. The guiding line is that if mediocrity can affect all men, it affects the working class more often and harder, leaving them in or adding to a state of social and financial distress, even hunger. We have seen that alcoholism is the main trigger and accelerator of this mediocrity, that it breaks dreams and binds to misery.

Syfte: Föreliggande studie syftar till att ge svar på vilka bilder av äldre människor som framträder i nyhetsmediet Aftonbladet, hur dessa framträder, och hur dessa bilder kan påverka äldres livssituation och synen på ålderdom. Teori och metod: Studien är förankrad i ett socialkonstruktionistiskt teoriperspektiv och analysen har utformats med inspiration av diskursanalytiska begrepp. Det empiriska urvalet har skapats med hjälp av ett slumpmässigt obundet urval av artiklar från Aftonbladet under år 2013 där uttrycket ”äldre” förekommit. Analys: Analysen har formats genom en induktiv ansats då analysen utformats utan hypoteser och innehållet i empirin har fått påverka metodval. Analysen har formats genom ett reflexivt förhållningssätt för att forma en så subjektiv analys som möjligt. Innehållet i empirin relaterats till tidigare forskning med begreppen grundfigur, motbild, resursperspektiv och eländesperspektiv. Slutsatser: Aftonbladet har under angiven tidsperiod främst format bilden av Den problematiska ålderdomen. Detta sker genom tydliga kopplingar mellan äldre och problematiska attribut, genom betonade, och dramatiska beskrivningar. Det framträder även en bild som benämns Det goda åldrandet men den representeras av betydligt färre artiklar och framkommer genom mer otydliga beskrivningar. Analysen visar att Aftonbladet tilldelar äldre människor ett begränsat redaktionellt utrymme, det finns få fylliga beskrivningar av äldres livssituationer och äldre kopplas till stor del samman med olika former av problematiska sammanhang. Bilden av Den problematiska ålderdomen ger stöd åt den grundfigur som beskriver äldre människor ur ett eländesperspektiv. Som motbild finns bilden av Det goda åldrandet som visar på att det finns människor som avnjuter det goda åldrandet, men de framstår i regel som undantag. / Title: Being older - A discourse analytical study of the portrayal of older people in a Swedish evening newspaper. Objective: The present study aims to provide answers to which images of elderly people that appear in the news media Aftonbladet, how they emerge, and how these images can affect elderly people's lives and the perception of old age. Theory and Method: The study is anchored in a social constructionist theory perspective and analysis have been inspired by discourse analytical concepts. The empirical sample was first restricted to relevant articles that used the term "äldre" during the year 2013. To limit the number of items a random, unbound selection was used. Analysis: The analysis has been shaped by an inductive approach. The analysis was designed without hypotheses and the empiricism has been influencing the choice of method. The analysis has been shaped by a reflexive approach to make the analysis as subjective as possible. The content of the empirical data has been related to previous research with the concepts of basic figure, contrasting picture, resource perspective and misery perspective. Conclusions: During the specified time period, Aftonbladet has primarily shaped the image of The problematic ageing process. This is done through clear links between elderly people and problematic attributes, by highlighting, and dramatic descriptions. A picture called The good ageing process also appears but it’s represented by far fewer articles and emerges through more vague descriptions. The analysis shows that Aftonbladet assigns elderly people a limited editorial space, there are few rich descriptions of elderly people life situations and elderly are largely associated with different forms of problematic contexts. The image of The problematic ageing process supports the basic figure that describes elderly people out of the misery perspective. As counterpart the image of The good ageing process is showing that there are people who enjoy the good aging, but they appear mostly as exceptions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Mantovani Caiaffa dos Santos Ibanez.pdf: 662001 bytes, checksum: 8dc411ef2ed3f0cb93d0746b51089636 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-07 / The essential objective of this study is the analysis of criminal law, under a marxist perspective, presenting its intrinsic relationship to the capitalist mode of production. The evolution of the punitive system, from the end of the 15th century to the present day, clearly demonstrates the key role that the criminal law has developed in all phases of capitalism. During the transition from feudalism to capitalism, the punishment was fundamental to format the new proletariat, instilling in them the disciplines of the new mode of production. After the Industrial Revolution, the prison adopted a posture more intimidating and terrorist. In the Fordist period, the carcer came to be regarded as a stage to the social rehabilitation and reintegration of the offender into the society, while welfare policies sought to maintain the poor class away from criminality. Finally, in the post-Fordism period, the welfare policies gave way to criminal policies, thus the social control and management of poverty are conducted through the prisons. The mass incarceration of the groups socially segregated, in a policy of zero tolerance, gives the keynote of the present time, as well as the severity of punishments. / O presente estudo tem por objetivo precípuo a análise do Direito Penal sob a perspectiva marxista, evidenciando sua intrínseca relação com o modo de produção capitalista. A evolução do sistema punitivo, desde o final do século XV até os dias atuais, demonstra claramente o fundamental papel que o Direito Penal desenvolveu em todas as fases do capitalismo. Durante a transição do sistema feudal para capitalista, as penas foram fundamentais na formação do novo proletariado, incutindo-lhes as disciplinas do novo modo de produção. Após a Revolução Industrial, o cárcere adotou uma postura mais intimidatória e terrorista. No período fordista, a prisão passou a ser encarada como etapa de ressocialização e reintegração do infrator ao seio social, enquanto as políticas de assistência social buscavam afastar a classe menos favorecida da criminalidade. Por fim, no pós-fordismo, as políticas de assistência social cedem lugar às políticas criminais, sendo que o controle social e a gestão da pobreza são realizados através dos presídios. O encarceramento em massa dos grupos segregados socialmente, em uma política de tolerância zero, dá a tônica do momento atual, assim como a severidade das punições.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-07-21T11:37:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Janice Gusmão Ferreira de Andrade.pdf: 2042345 bytes, checksum: 6529e751351061fa13b84eb91babd584 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T11:37:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janice Gusmão Ferreira de Andrade.pdf: 2042345 bytes, checksum: 6529e751351061fa13b84eb91babd584 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Our general objective is to investigate the deployment process and implementation of the National Plan for the Eradication of Extreme Poverty in Brazil, specifically the Plan Brazil Without Misery (PBSM), focusing the search on the immigrants descendants of pomeranians considered "people of traditional communities" in the State of Espírito Santo. This thesis is justified by the necessity of democratizing access to income and socioassistenciais services to families in extreme poverty situation of traditional communities, specifically the descendants of pomeranians. I was the social worker who made the first team of the program Include (PBSM) in the country of Santa Maria de Jetibá inEspírito Santo. We conducted a qualitative study. Our methodological process was constituted of interview, questionnaire and application form.The first National Bulletin Brazil plan Without Misery released in 2012 registered 92 families in the city. We estimate a 10% sampling of this universe for our research. We found 15 families who meet the profile, and recipient families program 09 only agreed to participate in the survey through form. The Brazil Plan Without Misery acted together to farmers in rural areas and brought several programs for working for families in the urban area. Worried about more marginal groups in society: the groups that had not been entered in the register Only, this means that many families were in public policies and social invisibility. The subject of our research work in agriculture on a family economy. Considering all our benchmark and noting that in many cases the income transfer programs are the only income of these people, we say that these tax programs promote inclusion, even precarious and marginal way, they don’t have the goal of universalizing and rather focus on the poorest among the poor. But the focusing of the PBSM was essential to locate families invisibility to the social protection system / Nosso objetivo geral é investigar o processo de implantação e implementação do Plano Nacional de Erradicação da Extrema Pobreza no Brasil, especificamente o Plano Brasil Sem Miséria (PBSM), tendo como foco da pesquisa os imigrantes descendentes de pomeranos considerados “povos de comunidades tradicionais”, no Estado do Espírito Santo. Esta se se justifica pela necessidade da democratização do acesso a renda e aos serviços socioassistenciais às famílias em situação de extrema pobreza das comunidades tradicionais, especificamente os descendentes de pomeranos. Eu fui a assistente social, fiz parte da primeira Equipe do Programa Incluir (PBSM) no município de Santa Maria de Jetibá. Realizamos um estudo qualitativo. Nosso processo metodológico se constituiu de entrevista, aplicação de questionário e formulário. O primeiro Boletim Nacional do Plano Brasil Sem Miséria divulgado no ano de 2012 registrou 92 famílias na cidade. Calculamos assim, uma amostragem de 10% deste universo para nossa pesquisa. Encontramos 15 famílias que preenchiam o perfil, sendo que somente nove famílias beneficiárias do Programa concordaram em participar da pesquisa realizada através de formulário. O Plano Brasil Sem Miséria atuou juntos aos agricultores, na área rural e trouxe diversos programas para trabalhar as famílias da área urbana, preocupou-se com os grupos mais marginais da sociedade: os grupos que não haviam sido inseridos no Cadastro Único, isso significa dizer que muitas famílias estavam na invisibilidade das políticas públicas e sociais. O sujeito de nossa pesquisa trabalha na agricultura em regime de economia familiar. Considerando todo nosso referencial e constatando que, em muitos casos, os programas de transferência de renda são a única renda dessas pessoas, nos é imposto dizer que estes programas promovem inclusão, mesmo que de forma precária e marginal, pois não têm o objetivo de universalizar e sim focalizam no mais pobre entre os pobres. Mas ainda assim, a focalização do PBSM foi essencial para localizar as famílias invisíveis ao sistema de proteção social

Dispersée dans la multiplicité d'ouvrages qui se nourrissent directement de sa légende et abritent son image, Jeanne d'Arc a réussi à les dépasser tous : peu importent les recherches menées sur les détails de sa vie et qui visent à ébranler l'aspect héroïque de sa mission, sa légende continue à prendre le dessus et répand l'image de la petite fille guerrière et libératrice de la France dans le monde entier. Rarement une figure aura donné lieu à autant d'interprétations différentes, à autant de débats et de récupérations de partis opposés. Symbole de la résistance à toute invasion étrangère et de l'obéissance aux ordres divins, elle n'a cessé de se prêter à d'innombrables rôles et d'exprimer les aspirations les plus contradictoires. Au XXe siècle, l'œuvre de Charles Péguy consacrée à Jeanne d'Arc est une résurrection du personnage de la Pucelle où les données historiques sont prises comme prétexte pour doubler l'acte héroïque de Jeanne d'une portée mythique qui engage le salut de l'humanité entière. À travers le mythe de Jeanne d'Arc, Péguy s'interroge sur le sort de l'humanité, sur le sens caché de l'Incarnation et sur le mystère de la Rédemption : les images se superposent, les mots doublent de sens et derrière le spectacle de la guerre se devinent, plus horribles encore, les cris sourds des âmes damnées. Avec Péguy, Jeanne dépasse son rôle d'héroïne et de sainte au service de la France et des Français, elle cherche le salut de l'humanité à travers celui de son pays. Dès lors et à travers la conception d'une vie humaine, celle de Jeanne, Péguy nous fait assister à la constitution d'un mythe à la fois personnel et universel. / Despite the numerous books that dealt with the legend story of Joan of Arc, still she managed to overcome all the expectations. Regardless the detailed researches done to reinforce the heroic aspect of her mission, her legend continues to spread all over the world the image Joan of Arc the warrior and liberator of France. In the literature rarely a character had given rise to such so different opinions and discussions as Joan of Arc had done. A symbol of resistance against any foreign invasion and obedience to divine commands, she had continued give herself to a countless roles and to be a source of inspiration in most contradictory manner. In the twentieth century, the work of Charles Peguy is a renovation of character of Joan of Arc “The Maid of Orleans”. In his book, Peguy emphasize the heroic mythic part of Jeanne concerning the salvation of whole humanity. Throughout the legend of Joan of Arc, Peguy rise the question about the fait of humanity through the hidden sense of incarnation and the mystery of redemption : the images serve to metaphor, the wards have double meanings and behind the spectacle of war which becoming more and more horrible we can hear the cries of the cursed souls. With the writings of Peguy, Joan overcome her role as a heroine and saint to serve France and the French people, she is looking forward the salvation of the humanity throughout the salvation of her country. Hence Peguy shows us the creation of a personal and universal myth with the help of simple conception of Joan’s humane life.

While most research in King studies focuses on Stephen King’s contribution to the horror genre, this thesis approaches King as a participant in American popular culture, specifically exploring the role the author-protagonist plays in his writing about writing. I have chosen Bourdieu’s theoretical construct of habitus through which to focus my analysis into not only King’s narratives, but also into his non-fiction and paratextual material: forewords, introductions, afterwords, interviews, reviews, articles, editorials and unpublished archival documents. This has facilitated my investigation into the literary field that King participates within, and represents in his fiction, in order to provide insight into his perception of the high/low cultural divide, the autonomous and heteronomous principles of production and the ways in which position-taking within that field might be effected. This approach has resulted in a study that combines the methods of literary analysis and book history; it investigates both the literary construct and the tangible page. King’s part autobiography, part how-to guide, On Writing (2000), illustrates the rewards such an approach yields, by indicating four main ways in which his perception of, and participation in, the literary field manifests: the art/money dialectic, the dangers inherent in producing genre fiction, the representation of art produced according to the heteronomous principle and the relationship between popular culture and the Academy. The texts which form the focus of the case studies in this thesis, The Shining, Misery, The Dark Half, Bag of Bones and Lisey’s Story demonstrate that there exists a dramatisation of King’s habitus at the level of the narrative which is centred on the figure of the author-protagonist. I argue that the actions of the characters Jack Torrance, Paul Sheldon, Thad Beaumont, Mike Noonan and Scott Landon, and the situations they find themselves in, offer an expression of King’s perception of the literary field, an expression which benefits from being situated within the context of his paratextually articulated pronouncements of authorship, publication and cultural production.

La philosophie ricœurienne indique qu’il n’est pas de compréhension de soi qui ne soit médiatisée par des signes, des symboles, des textes ; elle peut donc être interprétée comme une chance pour la philosophie africaine. En effet, si on estime que le champ éthique s’étend à tous les domaines de la vie, si on admet avec Ricœur que l’existence est synonyme d’action, à savoir que « dire ‘’je suis’’, c’est dire ‘’je veux, je meus, je fais’’ », alors l’Africain traditionnel qui n’a pas une pensée systématique comme l’exige la philosophie grecque, mais a plutôt développé une pensée de ce qu’il fait, peut apporter au discours éthique sa modeste contribution. En effet, ses mythes, ses contes et même quelquefois ses chants, contiennent un enseignement à la fois pratique, symbolique et philosophique, à caractère universel. Entrer à l’intérieur d’un conte, c’est comme entrer à l’intérieur de soi-même. / Ricoeur’s philosophy shows us that there is not any comprehension of self without it being mediated by signs, symbols and texts; it can be, therefore, interpreted as a chance given to the African philosophy. In fact, if we estimate that the ethical field extends to all human domains and if we admit, like Ricoeur does, the synonymy between action and existence – “to say I am, means I want, I move, I do” – thus the traditional African, who hasn’t a systematical thinking as required by the Greek philosophy, but instead has developed a thinking of what he can do, can bring into the ethical discourse his modest contribution. In reality, his myths, his tales and sometimes his chants, all contain a message that is at the same time: practical, symbolical and philosophical, with a universal character. To enter into a tail is like entering inside one’s self.

Une question demeure récurrente : les divisions qui subsistent depuis le XVIè siècle entre Catholiques, Luthériens et Réformés sont-elles autant d’ordre anthropologique que théologique ? Cette problématique paraissant pouvoir être soutenue, il convenait alors de déterminer les différends anthropologiques, de les analyser et de se demander s’ils sont une entrave à la Κοινωνία. L’étude de la situation au XVIè siècle a permis de conclure que les concepts anthropologiques portés par une philosophie existentielle ont joué un rôle important dans la rupture au sein de l’Église d’Occident. Le retour sur la pensée de Pannenberg, Moltmann, Rahner, théologiens de trois confessions différentes, autorise à dire qu’au XXè siècle la vision de l’homme a toujours une incidence sur les concepts théologiques, mais les différences sont de moins en moins séparatrices et deviennent souvent des dons à partager. L’analyse de dialogues œcuméniques a mis en évidence que les différends anthropothéologiques ont été partiellement réconciliés et font l’objet d’accords, voire d’une déclaration commune sur la Doctrine de la Justification. Aujourd’hui, un défi reste à relever celui d’une déclaration sur le Ministère en vue du partage à la même table eucharistique. Une démarche de consensus différencié serait une aide à la recherche d’une pleine communion. / An issue has been ever recurring : are the discords which have been going on since sixteenth century between Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists as much anthropological as theological ? As this question can be supported it seems suitable to determine these anthropological disagreements, analyse them and wonder whether or not they are obstacle to the Κοινωνία. A study concerning the situation during the XVIth century has allowed to conclude that the anthropological concepts conveyed by an existential philosophy have played a mojor role in the severing within the Western Church. The return on the thoughts developed by Pannenberg, Moltmann and Rahner, theologians of three different confessions, allows us to tell that in the XXth. century man’s vision has always an incidence on the theological concepts but are less and less separative and are often gifts to be shared. The analysis of ecumenical dialogues have clearly shown that theanthropological disagreements have been partly reconciled and are now subject to consensus, even a joint declaration on the doctrine of justification. Today we have to take up a challenge about a declaration on the ministry in order to share the body of Christ at the same table. A differing consensus method could be a help to find a complete communion.

Submitted by Joel de Lima Pereira Castro Junior (joelpcastro@uol.com.br) on 2016-08-19T23:00:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Urzedo.pdf: 29625775 bytes, checksum: b44b481ec251f11114b147ff77ad5880 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca de Administração e Ciências Contábeis (bac@ndc.uff.br) on 2016-08-29T17:51:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Urzedo.pdf: 29625775 bytes, checksum: b44b481ec251f11114b147ff77ad5880 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T17:51:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Urzedo.pdf: 29625775 bytes, checksum: b44b481ec251f11114b147ff77ad5880 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Fundação Centro Estadual de Estatísticas, Pesquisas e Formação de Servidores Públicos do Rio de Janeiro. Coordenadoria de Gestão da Informação. Rio de Janeiro, RJ / Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia de diagnóstico social de modo a ajudar na identificação e ordenação de regiões em termos do grau de vulnerabilidade social. Para tal foi discutido o conceito de vulnerabilidade social (KAZTMAN e FILGUEIRA, 2006) e a relação de sua formulação teórica com as mudanças ideológicas no pensamento econômico. Para tal foi realizada uma análise histórica sobre o pensamento desenvolvimentista, teorias Cepalinas, em especial, nas teorias de Celso Furtado, e sobre a evolução da pobreza e miséria no Brasil. Para construção do Indicador de Vulnerabilidade Social (IVS) utilizou-se o conceito de multidimensionalidade para cálculo da vulnerabilidade das famílias/domicílios. A fonte dos dados foi o censo demográfico de 2010, de onde foram retirados os microdados do universo e através de análise fatorial foi possível ordenar os setores censitários de acordo com sua classificação. Estas informações georreferenciadas possibilitaram a construção de mapas que apontam geograficamente a Vulnerabilidade das famílias/domicílios possibilitando uma análise do microssocial para fins de planejamento público e privado em programas e projetos voltados à assistência social. / This study aimed to develop a methodology for social diagnosis in order to assist in the identification and ordering of regions in terms of the degree of social vulnerability. For this was discussed the concept of social vulnerability (Kaztman and FILGUEIRA, 2006) and the relationship of its theoretical formulation with ideological shifts in economic thinking. For such a historical analysis of development thinking, Cepal theories, especially theories of Celso Furtado, and on the evolution of poverty and misery in Brazil was performed. Construction of Social Vulnerability Indicator (IVS) we used the concept of multidimensionality for calculating the vulnerability of families / households. The data source was the census of 2010, which were removed from the microdata of the universe and through factor analysis it was possible to sort the census tracts according to their classification. This information allowed the construction of georeferenced maps that link geographically Vulnerability of families / households enabling an analysis of the micro for purposes of public and private planning programs and projects aimed at social assistance.

The title of this paper is "Two generations of African writers: Women who conform to norms, and women who make noise. Mariama Bâ and Calixthe Beyala”. In this study we analyze two novels, Une si longue lettre by Mariama Bâ (1979) and Assèze l’Africaine by Calixthe Beyala (1994). We examine the similarities and differences in expression, style and themes. Our objective is to determine whether Bâ and Beyala are representing two different groups of African female writers. We have combined a postcolonial approach with a comparative method. Our hypothesis is that the two novels stand in contrast to each other through differences in themes and styles. In order to test this hypothesis we use previous research. Our analysis shows that the work of Bâ has a sober and refined style of writing. Bâ is raising awareness of the situation of women, without deviating from social norms, choosing themes such as polygamy, sisterhood and the value of education. In the work of Beyala we see a more pronounced political criticism, in a bolder and more agitating style of writing. Our conclusion is that the two novels are strongly differentiated through themes and styles. Bâ and Beyala belong to two different generations of female French-speaking African authors.