Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:16:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5724.pdf: 4860223 bytes, checksum: 739c8100e008033c4de11bcbcd30a6a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-11 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This work aims to analyze the media statements about the "new": analyzing the discourse that older objects and knowledge that are not yet unusable. To do so, we will try to tread a path through the theoretical issue of consumption (before becoming consumerism), trying to analyze historically the conversion process of enduring relationships (with objects, people, knowledge etc.) in ephemeral relationships, from discourse of obsolescence. Once defined and analyzed the theoretical framework, we will analyze three discursive materiality (in order: the movie "The Last Laugh", the advertising campaign "Intel Ultrabook Convertible", and the movie "The Devil Wears Prada") with the intention of analyzing the discourse about the "new" and obsolescence. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os enunciados midiáticos sobre o novo , ou seja, analisar o discurso que envelhece precocemente objetos e saberes que ainda não estão inutilizáveis. Para tanto, tentaremos trilhar um caminho teórico passando pela questão do consumo (antes de verter-se em consumismo), tentando analisar historicamente o processo de conversão das relações duradouras (com objetos, pessoas, saberes etc.) em relações efêmeras, a partir do discurso da obsolescência. Depois de definidos e analisados os referenciais teóricos, faremos a análise de três materialidades discursivas (em ordem, o filme A Última Gargalhada , a campanha publicitária Intel Ultrabook Conversível , e o filme O Diabo Veste Prada ) na intenção de analisar o discurso sobre o novo e a obsolescência.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviane Monteiro _revisão final_2.pdf: 1249154 bytes, checksum: 00e557d8c4674796cc5f2e0d584a796f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / Last year, was watched more scandals evolving a technology giant accused to apply a dishonest practice called Planned Obsolescence, which, according to some consumer’s protection organization would raise its company profits and breach consumer’s rights. Countries as the U.S, Italy and France are fighting against its practice and other reason to its battle is the reduction of electronic waste. But regarding to purchase decision would any company have power enough to make someone buy their product, in this case mobile device, just slowing down its performance? To assess consumer behavior and purchase decision a survey with 358 Brazilians was conducted for four weeks. The main goal was to understand which cognitive biases can drive consumer to perceive planned obsolescence and if its planned obsolescence is a fundamental factor for purchase decision. The participants were divided into control group and treatment group. The control group receives a survey with generic questions and the treatment group received questions that suggested cognitive bias influences as Optimism bias, Present bias and Bandwagon effect. The results of this study show no significant impact related to the planned obsolescence in the classical conception (what has been disclosed by the media in last years) primarily with individuals between 40-60 years, but show a significant impact regarding to perceived psychological obsolescence with individuals younger than 40 years. The actual Brazilian economic scenario can explain the conservative behavior in the older age group. On the other hand, the need of acceptance and feeling of belonging which is one of some characteristics of bandwagon effect phenomena drive the behavior of the younger age group. / No ano passado, foram assistidos escândalos envolvendo uma das maiores empresas do segmento de tecnologia, acusada de aplicar uma prática chamada obsolescência planejada, que, de acordo com organizações de proteção aos consumidores, aumentaria os lucros da empresa e violaria os direitos dos consumidores. Países como os EUA, Itália e França estão lutando contra esta prática por motivos econômicos e de proteção ao meio ambiente. Porém, em relação à decisão de compra, qualquer empresa teria poder suficiente para fazer alguém comprar seu produto, neste caso, um aparelho de telefonia celular, apenas retardando seu desempenho? Para avaliar o comportamento do consumidor e a decisão de compra, uma pesquisa com 358 brasileiros foi realizada durante quatro semanas. O objetivo principal era entender quais vieses cognitivos podem levar o consumidor a perceber a obsolescência planejada e se a obsolescência planejada é um fator fundamental para a decisão de compra. Os participantes foram divididos em grupo controle e grupo tratamento. O grupo de controle recebe uma pesquisa com perguntas genéricas e o grupo de tratamento recebeu perguntas que sugeriram influências de vieses cognitivos como viés de Otimismo, viés de Presente e efeito de Manada. Os resultados deste estudo não mostram nenhum impacto significativo relacionado à obsolescência planejada na concepção clássica (o que foi divulgado pela mídia nos últimos anos), principalmente, com indivíduos entre 40-60 anos, mas mostram um impacto significativo em relação à obsolescência psicológica percebida com indivíduos com menos de 40 anos. O atual cenário econômico brasileiro pode explicar o comportamento conservador na faixa etária mais avançada. Por outro lado, a necessidade de aceitação e o sentimento de pertencimento, que são das características dos fenômenos do efeito manada, impulsionam o comportamento do grupo etário mais jovem.

L’investissement étranger est considéré aujourd’hui comme un facteur clé voire une valeur ajoutée à même de faciliter le développement de l’État d’accueil. Ainsi, l'État congolais mise sur l’amélioration de son arsenal juridique interne dont l’objectif consiste à attirer de nombreux investisseurs et investissements étrangers sur son territoire. Pour ce faire, des réformes tendant à l’amélioration de principaux textes juridiques applicables directement ou indirectement en matière d’admission et de sécurisation des investissements étrangers afin de se conformer aux standards internationaux deviennent une obsession pour cet État, dont la finalité demeure : la valorisation de ses ressources naturelles notamment le cobalt, le germanium et la colombo-tantalite etc. très souvent inexploitées et utile à même de servir à la production des batteries pour les voitures électriques. Il serait donc nécessaire désormais que le contrôle de l’État souverain sur ses ressources naturelles considérées comme des minerais stratégiques soit davantage renforcé et que le contentieux en matière d’investissement soit confié à des entités qui prennent en compte l’intérêt général au détriment des arbitrages sous l’égide des arbitres privés, défendant les intérêts privés. Ainsi, la création d’un Centre international africain de règlement des différends pourrait être profitable notamment en permettant aux experts africains - tant arbitres qu’avocats - d’être plus présents dans le cadre des procédures impliquant leurs États d’origine / Foreign investment is now considered a key factor or even an added value that can facilitate the development of the host country. Thus, the Congolese State is focusing on improving its domestic legal arsenal, the objective of which is to attract many foreign investors and investments to its territory. To this end, reforms aimed at improving the main legal texts directly or indirectly applicable to the admission and security of foreign investments in order to comply with international standards are becoming an obsession for this State, the purpose of which remains: the development of its natural resources, in particular cobalt, germanium and colombo-tantalite etc., which are very often unexploited and useful for the production of batteries for electric cars. It would therefore now be necessary for the sovereign State to strengthen its control over its natural resources considered as strategic minerals and for investment litigation to be entrusted to entities that take into account the general interest to the detriment of arbitrations under the aegis of private arbitrators, defending private interests. Thus, the creation of an African International Dispute Resolution Centre could be beneficial, in particular by allowing African experts - both arbitrators and lawyers - to be more present in proceedings involving their States of origin

Cette version de la thèse a été tronquée des éléments de composition originale. Une version plus complète est disponible en ligne pour les membres de la communauté de l’Université de Montréal et peut aussi être consultée dans une des bibliothèques UdeM. / Les rapports entre le nouveau, l’ancien, l’imaginaire et le présent sont des vecteurs pour la créativité. La compréhension et le développement de projet créatif liés à des médias obsolètes, imaginaires ou futuristes, offrent à de nombreux artistes la possibilité de développer une expression personnelle ancrée dans un rapport techno-esthétique qui peut être porteur de multiples sens, que ce soit d’un point de vue social, environnemental, technologique ou formel. Ce projet de recherche est consacré à la création audiovisuelle reposant sur une pensée archéomédiatique. En premier lieu, je présente le cadre théorique et conceptuel qui a mené à la création de mes œuvres au cours de cette période doctorale. J’y relate l’exploitation d’une hybridation entre nouvelles et anciennes technologies servant à développer un langage audiovisuel puisant dans l’archéologie médiatique. Puis, dans le deuxième chapitre, j’expose l’approche compositionnelle derrière mes œuvres. Dans le troisième chapitre, j’aborde l’aspect sensoriel de mon processus de création, expliqué à travers une série de relations multimodales telles que les rapports de luminosité, de densité, de mouvements, de relief, d’espace et de textures, entre le son et l’image. Pour terminer, j’introduis la notion novatrice de texture stéréoscopique : une forme de texture optique qu’il est seulement possible de percevoir avec un média tridimensionnel. / Relationships between the new, the old, the imaginary, and present time, have always been vectors for creativity. The understanding and development behind creative projects in regard to obsolete, imaginary or futuristic media, have offered many artists ways of expressing themselves in a techno-aesthetic containing multiple meanings, whether from a social, environmental, or technological point of view. This research project is devoted to audiovisual creation based on media-archeological thinking. Firstly, the theoretical and conceptual framework that led to the creation of my works during this doctoral period are presented. I will discuss the exploitation of a hybridization between new and old technologies used to develop an audiovisual language drawing on media archaeology. The second part will present the compositional process behind my works. The third part deals with the sensory aspect of my creative process, explained through a series of cross-modal relations such as luminosity, density, movement, relief, space and texture, between sound and image. Lastly, I will introduce the novel notion of stereoscopic texture: a form of optical texture that can only be seen through a three-dimensional medium, thus finding something new in the old.

The core question in this master thesis is: What happens to the essence of an object when it becomes out of date and is no longer in use? I am addressing the sense of dignity in once meticulously designed technical/mechanical items that now has become obsolete. The intention has been to investigate how to give new meaning to obsolete items and find new eligibility for their existence.  The investigation was conducted through the development of a method: collection, analysis, deconstruction, investigation and resurrection of a number of O.T.M.I. (Obsolete Technical Mechanical Items).   The resurrection process consisted of the (re-)writing of the objects’ narratives. These stories along with the objects’ parts, spaces and sounds created a frame for a scenography, a soundtrack and characters to act in a film to tell the story. As interior designers we have the opportunity to transform space and fill it with stories. Imagination is an important tool: We benefit from having the ability to imagine, for instance, how different surfaces will reflect sound and light. Our imagination is highly visual. So I have transformed my imaginary world of Obsolete Technical Mechanical Items to visual and audial elements that support the content and values of a story through researching the objects, finding how to clarify and support the story. The Re-Story.

La recherche présentée porte sur l’expérience pluridimensionnelle des travailleuses et des travailleurs aux prises avec l’obsolescence professionnelle ainsi que les stratégies d’adaptation qu’ils mettent en œuvre pour réguler le manque de connaissances et de compétences, le manque de motivation et la perte d’efficacité au travail; les trois symptômes d’obsolescence faisant consensus dans la littérature scientifique et ayant servi à la première sélection des sujets. Les résultats sont issus d’une analyse primaire des données. L’analyse permet de faire ressortir que l’obsolescence professionnelle se répartit en deux phases : la première désigne l’incubateur de l’obsolescence professionnelle et se nomme Zone d’obsolescence et la deuxième représente le noyau de l’obsolescence professionnelle et ledit syndrome, que l’on appelle État d’obsolescence. Ces phases comprennent des facteurs internes et externes, qui seraient généralement interdépendants, ainsi que leurs symptômes sous-jacents. Aussi, on regroupe des variations affectives et comportementales par phases et des variations de la perception envers les changements technologiques entre les deux phases. De plus, chez ces personnes, il appert que la responsabilité de la formation est vue principalement comme étant celle de l’organisation et que l’ampleur du « mal-être » au travail se déploie subtilement sur le plan psychosomatique. L’analyse montre aussi que l’obsolescence professionnelle amène des stratégies d’adaptation affectant négativement l’autogestion de la sphère professionnelle. En ce sens, on observe des différences quant aux choix des stratégies d’adaptation, à leur retrait et à la façon de les utiliser, et ce, à l’intérieur de leur répartition selon si elles se manifestent en Zone d’obsolescence ou en État d’obsolescence. On peut donc penser qu’une régularisation des problèmes de la sphère professionnelle se mobilise chez ces personnes afin de maintenir leur cohésion interne par des mécanismes d’autoprotection, donc de désinvestissement professionnel ou de repli sur soi.

The thesis is focused on comparison of selected Czech translations of the novel by Russian writer Leo Tolstoy War and Peace. It is based on an extensive selected material to identify a degree and a quality of the overall approximation of the selected Czech translation to the original text of the novel, especially respecting the aesthetic values of the work, its lexical - semantic, syntactic and stylistic plane. The thesis assesses furthermore the adequacy of the translated texts relatively needs of their readers or pragmatic aspect. The conclusion summarizes the results of analysis, which lead to deepening our knowledge of these issues and their usage in the practice of translation. The Annex contents the interview with Mr. L. Dvorak who is the last translator of the novel. Key words: artistic translation, translation as an act of communication, equivalence, adequacy, obsolescence of translation, orientation to readers, shift in translation, Czech translations of the novel War and Peace

Die Nachhaltige Ersatzteilversorgung mit Elektronikkomponenten stellt die Hersteller vieler technischer Systeme vor neue Herausforderungen. Der technologische Wandel im Halbleitermarkt ist so schnelllebig, dass sich die elektronischen Bauelemente oftmals schon beim Start der Serienproduktion des Gesamtsystems im Serienauslauf befinden. Die Automobilindustrie ist von dieser Problematik besonders betroffen, weil sie Fahrzeuge in großen Serien über vergleichsweise lange Zeiträume mit harten Kostenzielen und hohen Qualitätsmaßstäben fertigt und auch nach Serienende mit Ersatzteilen versorgen muss. Die einzelnen Kfz-Elektronikkomponenten durchlaufen dazu im Vorfeld eines Fahrzeugeinsatzes umfangreiche Freigabeuntersuchungen. Die Konfiguration eines Kraftfahrzeugs wird außerdem einer gesetzlichen Typprüfung unterzogen, so dass eine spätere Abwandlung der ursprünglichen Komponenten nicht ohne weiteres zulässig ist. Änderungen an der einzelnen Komponente sind demnach nur noch mit erheblichem Aufwand möglich. Diese Situation zwingt die Automobilhersteller und ihre Zulieferer für Kfz-Elektronik zu neuen Konzepten im Management ihrer Ersatzteilspektren. Die vorliegende Arbeit entwickelt ein Management-Support-System für das herstellerseitige Ersatzteilmanagement von Kfz-Elektronikkomponenten auf Basis eines integrierten Methoden-, Daten- und Prozessmodells. Ferner werden Fragen der Systemintegration innerhalb eines Unternehmens und entlang der Wertschöpfungskette untersucht. Ersatzteilmanagement wird dazu als Strukturprozess innerhalb des Ersatzteilwesens betrachtet, der die Abwicklungsprozesse der Ersatzteilversorgung gestaltet und die Versorgungsstrategien zur einzelnen Kfz-Elektronikkomponente festlegt. Auf dem Wege der Lösungsfindung werden unterschiedliche Sichtweisen auf die Problematik gewählt. Vorherrschend ist dabei ein systemtechnischer Modellierungsansatz. Als konkrete Modellierungstechnik für das Ersatzteilmanagement-Support-System wird die Unified Modelling Language (UML) in Kombination mit dem ARIS-Unternehmensmodell nach Scheer eingesetzt. Die Praxisrelevanz wird an einem durchgängigem Fallbeispiel nachgewiesen.

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This study endeavors to investigate the negative environmental impacts of the prevailing ICT design approaches and to explore some potential remedies for ICT design unsustainability from environmental and corporate sustainability perspectives. More specifically, it aims to spotlight key environmental issues related to ICT design, including resource depletion; GHG emissions resulting from energy-intensive consumption; toxic waste disposal; and hazardous chemicals use; and also to shed light on how alternative design solutions can be devised based on environmental sustainability principles to achieve the goals of sustainable technologies. The study highlights the relationship between ICT design and sustainability and how they can symbiotically affect one another. To achieve the aim of this study, an examination was performed through an extensive literature review covering empirical, theoretical, and critical scholarship. The study draws on a variety of sources to survey the negative environmental impacts of the current mainstream ICT design approach and review the potential remedies for unsustainability of ICT design. For theory, central themes were selected for review given the synergy and integration between them as to the topic under investigation. They include: design issues; design science; design research framework for ICT; sustainability; corporate sustainability; and design and sustainability. Findings highlight the unsustainability of the current mainstream ICT design approach. Key environmental issues for consideration include: resource depletion through extracting huge amounts of material and scarce elements; energy-intensive consumption and GHG emissions, especially from ICT use phase; toxic waste disposal; and hazardous substances use. Potential remedies for ICT design unsustainability include dematerialization as an effective strategy to minimize resources depletion, de-carbonization to cut energy consumption through using efficient energy required over life cycle and renewable energy; recyclability through design with life cycle thinking (LCT) and extending ICT equipment’s operational life through reuse; mitigating hazardous chemicals through green design - low or non-noxious/less hazardous products. As to solving data center dilemma, design solutions vary from hardware and software to technological improvements and adjustments. Furthermore, corporate sustainability can be a strategic model for ICT sector to respond to environmental issues, including those associated with unsustainable ICT design. In the same vein, through adopting corporate sustainability, ICT-enabled organizations can rationalize energy usage to reduce GHG emissions, and thereby alleviating global warming. This study provides a novel approach to sustainable ICT design, highlighting unsustainability of its current mainstream practices. Review of the literature makes an advance on extant reviews of the literature by highlighting the symbiotic relationship between ICT design and environmental sustainability from both research and practice perspectives. This study adds to the body of knowledge and previous endeavours in research of ICT and sustainability. Overall, it endeavours to present contributions and avenues for further theoretical and empirical research and development. / +46704352135/+212662815009