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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
121

Recall - a revogação do mandato político pelos eleitores: uma proposta para o sistema jurídico brasileiro / Recall: the revocation of the public mandate by electors: a proposal to the Brazilian legal system

Caio Marcio de Brito Avila 20 May 2009 (has links)
Trata a presente tese de estudo acerca do instituto denominado recall, existente nos Estados Unidos da América do Norte, que constitui mecanismo que permite a destituição de autoridades públicas e a revogação de decisões judiciais, por meio de decisão popular. O ineditismo da tese decorre do aprofundamento que se fez sobre o tema, bem como da análise minuciosa sobre as condições de aplicação desse instituto no Brasil. Para compreensão integral do objeto em análise, inicialmente, buscou-se compreender o fenômeno da representação política, não só sob o aspecto jurídico-formal como também pelo aspecto histórico, político e social. As teorias acerca da representação política são abordadas dentro de uma perspectiva evolutiva, histórica, desde os seus traços primitivos nas sociedades antigas, passando pelas instruções e mandato imperativo do período medieval, até as concepções de Hobbes, Locke, Burke e Siéyès, não deixando de lado as posições mais modernas e os dilemas existentes sobre o tema. Busca-se também a essência desse mecanismo denominado recall. Para tanto, torna-se obrigatória a passagem pelas suas origens e pela sua configuração jurídica, que se encontra relacionada com o princípio federativo, os sistemas eleitorais, sua caracterização como direito político, instituto de democracia participativa e semidireta, bem como seu caráter sancionador e como forma de expressão da oposição política. Faz-se, além disso, uma análise comparativa do recall no direito contemporâneo. Inicialmente focando o instituto nos Estados Unidos da América do Norte, pelo âmbito de aplicação do instituto na Federação norte-americana, as hipóteses e procedimentos de cada Estado-membro (onde se permite o instituto) e os resultados gerais de sua aplicação. Analisar-se-á, outrossim, institutos semelhantes ao recall existentes em outros sistemas jurídicos. Ao final, será tratada a questão relacionada ao recall e o sistema jurídico brasileiro, apresentando-se a história da revogação do mandato político no país, o panorama jurídico pelo aspecto federativo e dos sistemas eleitorais, bem como as condições para viabilizar a aplicação do instituto no Brasil. Tudo isso, para se demonstrar que o recall deve ser um mecanismo democrático a ser utilizado por eleitores responsáveis contra eleitos irresponsáveis. / This dissertation focuses on the mechanism referred to as recall, which exists in the United States of America, and is a mechanism that provides for the removal of public officials and the repeal of judicial decisions by means of public opinion. The originality of this dissertation arises out of the further understanding of the subject, as well as of the thorough analysis of the conditions under which such mechanism could be applied in Brazil. In order to fully understand the analyzed object, it was first necessary to understand the phenomenon of political representation, not only from the formal-legal aspect, but also from the historical, political and social perspectives. The theories on political representation are approached from a historical-developing standpoint, from its primitive traces in ancient societies, to the medieval instruments and imperative mandate, to the ideas of Hobbes, Locke, Burke and Siéyès, in addition to the more modern schools of thought and existing dilemmas on the subject-matter. The dissertation also focuses on the essence of the recall mechanism. In order to do so, it was necessary to examine its origins and its legal configuration, which has to do with the federative principle, the electoral systems, its characterization as public law, participatory and semi-direct democracy, as well as its sanctioning ability and political opposition form of expression. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of recall in contemporary law is also carried out. The assessment is initially focused on the mechanism in the United States of America, as per its application in the North American Federation, the hypotheses and procedures of each Member-State (in which the mechanism is provided for) and the general results of its application. Moreover, similar mechanisms available in other legal systems are also analyzed. Finally, the issue of the recall mechanism and the Brazilian legal system is assessed, through the history of the repeal of political mandates in the country, its legal framework on the federative aspect and the electoral systems, as well as the conditions necessary in order to render the application of the recall mechanism in Brazil feasible. The objective is to demonstrate that the recall mechanism should be a democratic mechanism to be used by responsible voters against irresponsible elected officials.
122

Participação social e conselhos gestores à luz do princípio da gestão participativa na seguridade social

Marques, Carlos Gustavo Moimaz 08 December 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:35:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Gustavo Moimaz Marques.pdf: 1718501 bytes, checksum: 9e56579ec707e253be0b881a48375a68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-08 / The present study aims to analyze how the principle of social participatory in management of Social Security, established in article 194, sole paragraph, VII, of the Brazilian Federal Constitution delimits the perform of the councils of Social Security, especially, if such organs can be used as instruments of social participation in the construction and definition of a public policy. Beginning with the definition of the principle of participatory management in Social Security, the research analyses the national council s managers of Social Security, their experiences and the critics presented by scholars related to the low effectiveness of these organs. The discussion involving the miserableness criterion to obtaining the assistance benefit is presented as an example to demonstrate the little interference from management councils in shaping public policy on social assistance and the legislative deficit in giving, to councils, power to define public policy. Grounded in the constitutional structure which fixed the political and administrative competency, it introduces the real nature of the management councils and the limits fixed for the infra-constitutional legislation. From these limits, the political-administrative premises that guide the principle of social participation in the management of Social Security are established, either with regard to its functions (limits of political powers), either with respect to their own organic structure. Finally, drawing on the comparative analysis of the Spanish Social Security system, it shows up the incompleteness of the Brazilian system, in which, with the excuse of giving broad powers to the management councils, eliminates, in fact, the real social participation management. / O presente trabalho busca analisar como o princípio da gestão participativa na seguridade social, estabelecido no artigo 194, § único, inciso VII, da Constituição Federal, delimita a atuação dos conselhos gestores na seguridade, em especial, se tais órgãos podem ser empregados como instrumentos em que a sociedade participa na construção e definição de políticas públicas de estruturação do sistema. Partindo-se da definição do princípio da gestão participativa na seguridade social, inicia-se a investigação analisando os conselhos gestores nacionais de seguridade social, suas experiências e a crítica que a doutrina nacional apresenta ao apontar a baixa efetividade desses órgãos. A discussão envolvendo a fixação da miserabilidade para fins de obtenção do benefício assistencial de prestação continuada é apresentada como exemplo para demonstrar a pouca interferência dos conselhos gestores na formatação da política pública de assistência social e o déficit legislativo em dar, aos conselhos de forma geral, poderes deliberativos para atuarem na definição de políticas públicas. Alicerçado na estruturação constitucional das competências político-administrativas entre os Poderes, são apresentadas a natureza orgânica dos conselhos gestores e os limites pelos quais passa a legislação infraconstitucional que os estrutura. A partir daí estabelece-se as premissas político-administrativas que norteiam o princípio da gestão participativa na seguridade social, seja no que diz respeito ao seu feixe de atribuições (limites de atribuições - poderes políticos), seja no que diz respeito à própria estruturação orgânica. Por fim, valendo-se da análise comparada do sistema de seguridade social espanhol, demonstra-se a incompletude do sistema brasileiro, que, a pretexto de conferir poderes amplos aos conselhos gestores, acaba ceifando, na realidade, a própria gestão participativa extraída constitucionalmente do princípio da gestão participativa.
123

Gestão Democrática da Educação na rede pública municipal de Pelotas: experiências de democracia participativa. / Democratic management of education in Pelotas Public Municipal School System: experiences in participatory democracy.

Iunes, Nailê Pinto 23 October 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:48:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Naile_Pinto_Nunes_Dissertacao.pdf: 723361 bytes, checksum: 3f1acfbbb39dcd14623549941c853ac7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-23 / The present study has as its background the Brazilian redemocratization process, examined through the changes of the official pedagogical discourse found in the texts of the Federal Constitution and of the Law of Directives and Bases for National Education (LDBEN), concerning the democratic management of education and teaching. In the study, the process of recontextualization of the referred texts in the organization of the educational policies of the Municipal Secretariat of Education (SME), as well as in the discourse and in the pedagogical practices of the schools of the Public Municipal Teaching Network (RPME) is examined, considering the ongoing process of adoption of a participatory management in such schools. We have tried, by that, to understand how the communities of two Elementary/Middle schools of the RPME have been putting into practice the ideals of democracy and participations, as present in their Political-Pedagogical Project (PPP), during and/or after the 2001- 2004 municipal government, resulting or not of the initiatives of that government. For such, a qualitative research was carried out, aiming at identifying and describing experiences on participatory democracy produced by the school communities investigated. The research has involved documental analysis, observations and interviews with members of the segments that constitute the school community (students, teachers, employees, parents), as well as with members of the directing board of the selected schools. The development of the investigation has shown, in the exploratory stage, that the principle of democratic management is a constituent of the texts of the PPPs in the schools investigated. However, the forms chosen by the schools to put in practice what the PPP puts in writing manifest a degree of singularity originated from the context in which each institutions is inserted, although they adopt, to do that, common tools, such as pedagogical projects, different types of school meetings, festivities, and discussion forums. The data collected point out to a broader movement in the RPME, in the opposite direction to the hegemonic conception of democracy, as they reveal actions which attempt to enlarge the participation of every subject who constitutes the school community. Singularity has also characterized the process of recontextualization of the policies for democratic management conducted by the educational policies of SME, period 2001-2004, and taken into effect by each of the institutions. The experience of management of the School Council (CE), in Utopia, and the one of the Rethinking our School, in Perseverance, have appeared as spaces for participatory democracy within those schools, whose effects are contributing for the qualification of work and management in such schools. / O estudo tem como pano de fundo o processo de redemocratização do Brasil a partir das mudanças no discurso pedagógico oficial presentes nos textos da Constituição Federal e da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDBEN), relativos à gestão democrática da educação e do ensino. Nele, examina-se o processo de recontextualização dos referidos textos na organização da política educacional da Secretaria Municipal da Educação (SME), no discurso e nas práticas pedagógicas de escolas da Rede Pública Municipal de Ensino (RPME) no município de Pelotas, levando em consideração o processo de adoção da gestão democrática em andamento nesta rede de ensino. Com isso, buscou-se compreender como as comunidades escolares de duas escolas de Ensino Fundamental da RPME estão colocando em prática os ideais de democracia e participação, presentes no seu Projeto Político-Pedagógico (PPP), durante e/ou após a gestão municipal 2001-2004, decorrentes ou não das iniciativas implantadas por aquele governo. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa na intenção de identificar e descrever experiências de democracia participativa produzidas pelas comunidades escolares investigadas. O processo de pesquisa envolveu análise documental, observações e entrevistas com representantes dos segmentos que compõem a comunidade escolar (estudantes, professores/as, funcionários/as e pais/mães), assim como componentes da Equipe Diretiva de cada escola selecionada. O desenvolvimento da investigação evidenciou, na etapa exploratória, que a gestão democrática é parte constituinte do texto dos PPPs nas escolas investigadas. No entanto, as formas eleitas pelas escolas para colocar em prática o que está escrito no PPP evidencia um grau de singularidade decorrente do contexto em que cada instituição está inserida apesar de adotarem para isso instrumentos comuns como: projetos pedagógicos, reuniões de diferentes modalidades, atividades festivas e fórum de discussão. Assim, os dados indicam para um movimento mais amplo na RPME no sentido oposto à concepção hegemônica da democracia ao evidenciar ações que buscam ampliar a participação de todos os sujeitos que compõem a comunidade escolar. A singularidade também caracterizou o processo de recontextualização das políticas de democratização da gestão encaminhadas por meio da política educacional da SME, gestão 2001-2004 e levado a termo em cada uma das instituições. A experiência da gestão do Conselho Escolar (CE), em Utopia, e, a do Repensando Nossa Escola, em Perseverança, mostraram-se como espaços de democracia participativa no interior destas escolas e cujos efeitos estão contribuindo para a qualificação do trabalho e da gestão na escola.
124

Svar på tal direkt : En studie om medborgerliga röster i ett deltagardemokratiskt samtal

Wikström, Erik January 2009 (has links)
The aim and research questions of this study are concerned about how, and what kind of, problems and subjects that citizens raise during verbal interaction with politicians and officials in the field of participatory democracy. The theoretical framework of the study dominates by theories with a positive approach towards participatory democracy, but there is also a broader discussion on the phenomenon’s strengths and weaknesses. The case in focus of the study is a specific phenomenon of participatory democracy created by the municipality of Växjö. The empirical material that is analysed is consisted of written text based on the verbal interaction from these meetings between citizens and politicians/officials. The outcome of the study shows that most of the verbal interaction was held between citizens and politicians/officials in a vertical direction and that a major part of the responsibility concerning the raised subjects is estimated to be in the hands of the latter part. In the light of under what circumstances the meetings are practised, the democratic and collective minded performance of the citizens is argued to be in good condition, despite the dominating vertical interaction and estimation of trust.
125

Public Engagement and Participation in Municipalities : Adding Meaning to Planning and Decision Making Processes for a Collaborative Journey Towards Sustainability

Kindle, Elias, Sieber, Christina, Wzdulski, Michael January 2012 (has links)
People shape the development of our society and the majority of the world’s population lives in urban areas. Given these circumstances, there is high value in supporting municipalities in their transition towards sustainability. Municipalities have the opportunity to engage directly with the general public by utilizing a participatory approach in planning and decision making. This thesis explores the conditions that enable and hinder municipalities from (i) engaging with the public and (ii) achieving effective and meaningful participation from their citizens. The findings of this study were incorporated into the Ideal Case for Strategic Integrated System Development (SISD), an outline for participatory and cross-sectoral planning towards sustainability in cities and nations. The research focused on developing the elements of engagement and participation in the Ideal Case for SISD, thereby adding depth to the suggested planning process and making it more relevant for engagement and sustainability practitioners. / <p>sustainablecommunitiesstudy@gmail.com</p>
126

Décentralisation et démocratie locale / Decentralization and local democracy

Ivanovitch, Sarah 12 December 2014 (has links)
La France est composé de deux systèmes - le premier le système national et le second le système local - qui reposent tous deux sur un fondement représentatif. Le citoyen électeur participe aux seules élections. Il ne prend pas part aux décisions publiques. La décentralisation devait permettre de gérer au plus près des citoyens les affaires locales. Or, les habitants locaux n'accordent qu'un faible intérêt à la gestion locale alors que le niveau d'instruction s'élève et que l'accès à l'information croit sensiblement. Afin de permettre une véritable décentralisation démocratisée, il convient de refondre en profondeur les institutions françaises. En effet, il est nécessaire de prohiber tout cumul de mandats et de rendre le système local plus distant du système national. Cela permettra aux entités du système local de s'administrer librement dans les conditions prévues par la loi. Il est ici proposé une méthodologie pour tendre vers la démocratie continue dans un Etat unitaire décentralisé. Le citoyen local doit devenir un véritable acteur du système local. / France is composed of two distinct systems - the first is the national system and the second is the local system, - which both are settled on a representative foundation. The elector citizen takes part only in elections. He/she does not get involved in the public decisions. The decentralization of power should have allowed the citizen to be closer to local decisions and affairs. But, local citizens give little interest to the local management even though the level of education is growing and the access to information is slightly increasing. In order to allow a real democratized decentralization, it is suitable to rebuild deeply the French Institutions. Effectively, it is necessary to ban any mandate plurality and to make the local system at a distance of the national system. Thus will allow a local corporate body to operate freely in a self administrative party respecting the conditions set by law. Here, a methodology to aim toward an uninterrupted democracy in a decentralized joint State will be suggested. A local citizen has to become a bona fide representative of the local system.
127

Värdegrunds- och demokratiarbete i SO-undervisningen : -En kvalitativ studie som lyfter fem grundskolelärares tolkningar, behandling av och förhållningssätt till värdegrunds- och demokratiarbete / Value and democracy education within the subject social studies : A qualitative study that describes how five teachers interpret, process, and approach the Swedishvalue-system and democracy

Stamenkovic, Lazar January 2021 (has links)
Syftet med studien var att synliggöra fem grundskolelärares tolkning, förhållningssätt och behandling av värdegrunds- och demokratiarbetet. Studien har utgått från två forskningsfrågor och samtliga fem lärare har återgett sina utsagor för att studien ska kunna ge en klar bild av syftet. Studien har utgått från kvalitativa metoder där semi-strukturerade intervjuer ligger till grund för insamling av empiri. Lärarna som blivit intervjuade kommer från två olika skolor, fördelade i två olika städer i södra Sverige. Studien har sin utgångspunkt i deliberativ- och deltagande demokrati teori. Samtliga grundskolelärare har med sina tolkningar, behandlat och förhållit sig till värdegrunden och det demokratiska uppdraget på varierande sätt. De hade enad uppfattning att kärnan i värdegrundsarbetet är alla människors lika värde. I det demokratiska arbetet var samtliga lärare eniga om att kärnan av arbetet utgörs av att eleverna ska få vara aktiva i diskussioner och samtal där de får yttra sina ståndpunkter. En ytterligare uppfattning lärarna var enade om av det demokratiska arbetet är att eleverna ska få vara delaktiga och påverka, exempelvis genom att få vara med och rösta i demokratiska sammanhang. Slutsatsen är att värdegrunden och det demokratiska uppdraget är grundskolelärarens främsta uppdrag i skolväsendet och den ska genomsyra hela verksamheten och undervisningen. För att skolan ska kunna fostra sina elever till demokratiska samhällsmedborgare så behöver verksamheten präglas av värden och demokratiska förhållningssätt för att förbereda eleverna till framtida samhällsmedborgare. / The purpose of this study was to examine how five teachers in two different primary schools interpret, process and approach democracy and values in their education. The study is based on two research questions and all five teachers have reproduced their statement so that the study can provide a clear picture of the purpose. The study has been based on qualitative methods where semi-structured interviews formed the basis for data collection. The teachers who have been interviewed originates from two different schools, distributed in two different cities in the southern part of Sweden. The study is based on deliberative- and participatory democracy theory. Following five teachers interpreted, treated, and related to the Swedish value-system and the democracy mission in different ways. All teachers had a common view on how to work with the Swedish value-system and that the core of the value-system is the human equality. In the democratic mission, all teachers agreed on the meaning of the democracy task which the pupils should be active in discussions and conversations where they can express their opinions. A further view such as the teachers agreed on was in order that the pupils should be allowed to participate and influence, for instance be allowed to participate and vote in democratic contexts. The conclusion is that the Swedish value-system and the democratic mission are teacher’s main task in the school system and must permeate entire school activity and the education. The school need to be able to educate the pupils to become democratic citizens and the school activities need to be characterized by values and democratic attitudes to prepare the pupils to become future citizens.
128

Demokratisering som ett sätt att hantera komplexiteten i IDEA MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Skantz, Kristoffer January 2021 (has links)
Idégenerering är den första fasen i en innovationsprocess och för att hantera den så finns det idéhanteringssystem som kort fattat är till för att generera, hantera, utveckla och utvärdera idéer. Den här processen är väldigt svår, vilket oftast har lett till att företag väljer att använda sig av en, eller flera experter för att utvärdera de idéer som kommer in. Detta är förmodligen den bästa lösningen när det gäller effektivitet och inkrementella innovationer. Däremot så är det inte optimalt när det kommer till medarbetarnas motivation, engagemang, kreativitet, idéernas kvalité och de radikala/diskontinuerliga innovationerna. Därför så har det här arbetet undersökt hur ett deltagardemokratiskt idéhanteringssystem kan fungera personalägda företag. Detta undersöktes genom fem intervjuer med respondenter som jobbade på personalägda företag, litteratursökning inom områdena deltagandedemokrati, idéhantering och personalägande, samt idégenereringsmöten med sakkunniga. Resultatet av arbetet blev ett tvåstegssystem som ska kunna hantera komplexiteten av idégenerering, hantering, utveckling och utvärdering. Det första steget är en öppen plattform där alla i företaget kan lägga in idéer, diskutera idéer och ändra idéer. På den här plattformen kan medarbetarna sedan rösta upp de idéer som dem tycker är bäst och bör tas vidare. När en idé får många uppröstningar så tas den vidare till nästa del av systemet. Fördelarna med det här steget är att företaget kan mobilisera medarbetarens kreativitet och kunskap på ett mycket bättre sätt. Till nästa del sätts en grupp ihop av personer som berör eller berörs av idéen ihop för att använda sin kontextuella kunskap för att diskutera och utvärdera idéen. Om den första urvalsgruppen är för stor för detta så görs ytterligare ett urval, för att gruppen ska kunna diskutera idéen på ett effektivt och konstruktivt sätt. När denna grupp är klar så läggs det fram ett slutgiltigt förslag som denna grupp får rösta på om det ska gå vidare eller inte. Här skapas en större känsla av delaktighet hos medarbetarna och en större förståelse/acceptans för de beslut som tas. Med det här idéhanteringssystemet stärks också medarbetarnas motivation och engagemang. Allt detta redovisas i en modell som visualiserar hur systemet fungerar och vilka vägval som görs under processen gång.
129

[pt] DEMOCRACIA E O DIREITO À CIDADE NA AMAZÔNIA: OS PRINCIPAIS DESAFIOS DA DEMOCRACIA PARTICIPATIVA PARA A GARANTIA DO DIREITO À CIDADE EM REGIÕES IMPACTADAS POR PROJETOS ECONÔMICOS NA AMAZÔNIA / [en] DEMOCRACY AND THE RIGHT TO THE CITY IN THE AMAZON: THE MAIN CHALLENGES OF PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY TO ASSURE THE RIGHT DO THE CITY IN REGIONS IMPACTED BY ECONOMIC PROJECTS ON AMAZON

ODAIR JOSÉ BARBOSA FREITAS 12 September 2016 (has links)
[pt] O trabalho consiste numa análise a respeito dos principais desafios enfrentados pelos mecanismos de democracia participativa para assegurar o direito à cidade em localidades impactadas por grandes projetos econômicos instalados na Amazônia. O objeto são cidades que surgem e se desenvolvem de forma abrupta, no bojo de um intenso processo de urbanização impulsionado pelo avanço capitalista na região, buscando explorar recursos naturais e redunda em formações urbanas marcadas pela precariedade e desigualdade, impondo grandes obstáculos à eficácia das normas urbanas. Além de ampla leitura de obras e estudos relacionados aos principais aspectos teóricos envolvidos, à realidade das formações urbanas na Amazônia e dos empreendimentos econômicos em curso no local, empreendemos uma pesquisa empírica em que foram elencadas 02 (duas) cidades que guardam as principais características desse atual fenômeno urbano (Parauapebas, no Pará, que vem se desenvolvendo sob a influência do Projeto Grande Carajás, da empresa Vale S.A e Laranjal do Jari, no Amapá, que vem se desenvolvendo sob a influência do Projeto Jari). Assim, o foco é a porção oriental da região para aferir as dificuldades impostas no período de 2001 até 2011. A análise parte de uma discussão teórica e conceitual do direito à cidade e democracia participativa, traça uma breve trajetória dos principais processos de desenvolvimento imprimidos na região, destacando a ação estatal como sua indutora e as particularidades da urbanização desencadeada, discute os desdobramentos dos grandes projetos econômicos instalados naquelas cidades e a sua relação com a respectiva formação urbana, busca aferir a eficácia de suas principais normas urbanas e, por fim, analisa os principais desafios que os mecanismos de democracia participativa enfrentam para assegurar o direito à cidade. Foi possível constatar que os clássicos contornos conceituais relativos à temática necessitam considerar as particularidades da região e de seu processo de urbanização para melhor compreender o fenômeno e, fundamentalmente, que os grandes desafios impostos às normas são resultantes da atuação de setores econômicos e conservadores que miram a manutenção de seus interesses nos locais, que a esfera estatal local encontra-se enfraquecida, com pouca possibilidade de fazer valer os interesses coletivos e que as particularidades da urbanização na região amplificam o potencial das dificuldades enfrentadas. / [en] This work consists in an analysis about the main challenges faced by the mechanisms of participatory democracy in order to assure the right to the city in places impacted by large economic projects implemented on Amazon. The object are cities that appeared and developed themselves in a sudden way, in the context of an intense urbanization process boosted by the advance of capitalism on that place, trying to exploit natural resources, which resulted in urban places characterized by precariousness and by inequality, imposing enormous obstacles to the effectiveness of urban laws. Beside one wide reading of works and studies regarding to the main theoretical aspects involved, both to the reality of urban places on the Amazon and to the economic enterprise happening on that place, we produced an empirical research that chose 02 (two) cities characterized by the main aspects of this current urban phenomenon (Parauapebas, on Pará State, that is developing itself under the influence of Grande Projeto Carajás of the Vale Company and Laranjal do Jari, on the Amapá State, that is developing itself under the influence of Projeto Jari). Thus, the focus is the east territory of that region to measure the difficulties imposed during the period comprised between 2001 to 2011. The analysis starts from a theoretical and conceptual discussion about the right to the city and participatory democracy, tracks a brief course of the main processes of development boosted on the region, highlighting both the state action as its inducer and the particularities of the resulting urbanization, discusses the unfolding of some large economic projects implemented on those cities and its relationship to the respective urban shaping, searches to measure the effectiveness of its main urban laws and, ultimately, it analyzes the main challenges that the mechanisms of participatory democracy are facing to assure the right to the city. It was possible to conclude that the conceptual classic aspects regarding that theme needs to consider both the particularities of that place and its urbanization process in order to better understand that phenomenon and, mainly, that the biggest challenges imposed on the laws are resulting from the action of economic and conservative sectors focused on the maintenance of their interests, that the local government is weakened, with small possibility of enforcing the collective interests and that the particularities of the urbanization process on the region amplify the difficulties faced.
130

A NATION OF GAMERS

Poland, Kristofer P. 28 August 2007 (has links)
No description available.

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