The purpose of the study is to contribute knowledge about preschool teachers’ perceptions of systematic quality work, to contribute to a deeper understanding of preschool teachers’ perceptions of the work’s structure and implementation. Phenomenography has been used as a methodological framework. Semi-structured interviews were the study’s chosen data collection method, with a total of six preschool teachers’ participating. The preschool teachers’ perceptions have been further processed through a phenomenographic analysis model. The results showed that preschool teachers’ perceive that the systematic quality work is extensive but is considered to be meaningful for the preschool’s development. The preschool teachers’ also perceive that the prerequisites for the implementation of systematic quality work are important and refer to both internal and external factors. / Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om förskollärares uppfattningar av systematiskt kvalitetsarbete, för att bidra med en djupare förståelse för förskollärares uppfattningar av arbetets upplägg och genomförande. Som metodologiskt ramverk har fenomenografi använts. Semistrukturerade intervjuer var studiens valda datainsamlingsmetod, där totalt sex förskollärare deltog. Förskollärarnas uppfattningar har vidare bearbetats genom en fenomenografisk analysmodell. I resultatet framgick det att förskollärare uppfattar att systematiskt kvalitetsarbetet är omfattande men anses vara meningsfullt för förskolans utveckling. Förskollärarna uppfattar även att förutsättningar för genomförandet av systematiskt kvalitetsarbete är viktiga och syftar på både inre och yttre faktorer.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-11-05T13:00:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Edilene Aparecida Barros da Silva Aveledo.pdf: 988895 bytes, checksum: 5c263e66103fa0ee77b5f761d7231fed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-05T13:00:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edilene Aparecida Barros da Silva Aveledo.pdf: 988895 bytes, checksum: 5c263e66103fa0ee77b5f761d7231fed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-17 / The objective of this study was to investigate how the Weekly Pedagogical Meetings (WPM) take place inside a daycare center located in a city adjacent to the city of São Paulo, since teachers complain that these meetings do not meet their training needs. The ethnographic research analyzed in which aspects the WPM meets the training needs of teachers and in which it does not contemplate them, in order to re-signify: the end-goal of WPM as a formative space; the attendance to the training needs of teachers; children's learning; the moments of study, exchange, evaluation and collective decision that guarantee the collaborative teaching-learning process, in a nursery that is part of a municipal education network, with the educational guidelines of its policy. As a hypothesis, it was considered that the Pedagogical Coordinator (PC) has planned WPM with the aim of this space - the continuous formation of the teachers -, but its methodology is restricted to its own reading of the needs of the teachers, without to listen to these professionals, disregarding their history, their culture and the identity of the school. Initially, the picture of the education of the city and its peculiarities is presented, The history of Early Childhood Education and its trajectory in the municipality is also reported. Next, the importance of continuing education and the role of PC to ensure teacher-centered teacher training in the perspective of collaborative networking in the teacher training process is presented. The methodology used in the research involved teachers and PC. The data were collected through a questionnaire, interview, documentary analysis, and records of in situ observations, carried out by the researcher. The theoretical basis of the research is based on the studies of Placco (2003; 2006; 2010; 2012; 2013; 2017), Almeida (2003; 2012; 2016), André (2005; 2010; 2016), Souza (2001; 2012), Tardif (2014), Dubar (2005), Ciampa (1986), among others, about school-centered training and teacher identity. The analysis of the data shows that the greater training need of teachers is related to the practice developed in the classroom, although it reveals the predominance of contradictions, regarding the perception of teachers feel - or not - contemplated in their needs. The contradictory answers also took place regarding the listening and the possibilities of participation of the teachers during the meetings. The analysis also pointed out that the three-hour meetings during the night are tiring and that, at times, there is a loss of focus of the discussions, evidencing the need to elaborate guidelines that are more articulated to the real needs of the teachers. Strong interference was also identified with the demands of the Secretary of Education in the definition of the guidelines, which compromises the time of meetings and meeting the demands of teachers. The need for investment in interpersonal and collective relations was also perceived as a way to reduce the incidence of subjects discussed by teachers in informal spaces, called in the research as "pedagogical corridors". Finally, the need for continued strengthening of the role of the PC is underscored / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar como ocorrem as Reuniões Pedagógicas Semanais (RPS) no interior de uma creche localizada em um município vizinho à cidade de São Paulo, uma vez que os professores reclamam que as referidas reuniões não suprem suas necessidades de formação. A pesquisa, de tipo etnográfico, analisou em quais aspectos a RPS atende às necessidades formativas dos professores e em quais não as contempla, com a finalidade de ressignificar: o objetivo-fim da RPS como espaço formativo; o atendimento às necessidades formativas dos professores; a aprendizagem das crianças; os momentos de estudo, troca, avaliação e decisão coletiva que garantam o processo de ensino-aprendizagem colaborativo, numa creche que faz parte de uma rede municipal de ensino, com as diretrizes educacionais de sua política. Como hipótese, considerou-se que o Coordenador Pedagógico (CP) tem planejado a RPS com o objetivo-fim desse espaço – a formação continuada dos professores –, porém sua metodologia restringe-se à leitura que ele próprio faz das necessidades dos professores, sem apurar a escuta desses profissionais, desconsiderando sua história, sua cultura e a identidade da escola. Inicialmente, apresenta-se o retrato da Educação da cidade e suas particularidades. Relata-se ainda, a história da Educação Infantil e sua trajetória no município. Em seguida, apresenta-se a importância da formação continuada e o papel do CP para garantir a formação dos professores centrada na escola, na perspectiva do trabalho em rede colaborativa, no processo formativo dos professores. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa envolveu professores e CP. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário, entrevista, análise documental e registros de observações in loco, efetuadas pela pesquisadora. A fundamentação teórica da pesquisa está pautada nos estudos de Placco (2003; 2006; 2010; 2012; 2013; 2017), Almeida (2003; 2012; 2016), André (2005; 2010; 2016), Souza (2001; 2012), Tardif (2014), Dubar (2005), Ciampa (1986), dentre outros, sobre formação centrada na escola e a identidade do professor. A análise dos dados evidencia que a maior necessidade formativa dos professores está relacionada à prática desenvolvida em sala de aula, embora revele a predominância de contradições, no que tange à percepção de os professores sentirem-se – ou não – contemplados em suas necessidades. As respostas contraditórias também ocorreram no que se refere à escuta e às possibilidades de participação dos professores durante as reuniões. A análise também apontou que as reuniões de três horas no período noturno são cansativas e que, em alguns momentos, ocorre a perda de foco das discussões, evidenciando a necessidade da elaboração de pautas mais articuladas às reais necessidades dos professores. Também se identificou forte interferência das demandas da Secretaria de Educação na definição das pautas, o que compromete o tempo das reuniões e o atendimento às demandas dos professores. Percebeu-se, ainda, a necessidade de investimento nas relações interpessoais e coletivas, como forma de diminuir a incidência de assuntos discutidos pelos professores em espaços informais, denominados, na pesquisa, como “corredores pedagógicos”. Por fim, ressalta-se a necessidade de fortalecimento contínuo do papel do CP

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

近年來國內對學前教育研究之焦點漸跳脫課程與教學、教師與幼兒等範疇，而對學前教育組織(幼稚園、托兒所)或組織領導者(園所長)的關切亦日趨重視，亦顯現園所長對幼兒園教學品質的關係。本研究旨在探討台灣幼托園所長教學領導知覺及其相關因素。本研究採問卷調查法進行資料蒐集，問卷調查對象以台灣北、中、南、東四區共計7539公私立園所之園所長與教師為母群體，採分層隨機抽樣方式進行，對園所長與教師分別發出754份問卷，園所長部份回收400份(回收率53.05%)，教師部份回收395份(回收率52.38%)。研究工具乃依據De Bevois(1984)、Murphy(1990)、李安明(2001)、及McEwan(2003)之理論與架構為基礎，經專家審題及預試結果，修正發展成適於國內幼教領域使用之「幼托園所長教學領導問卷」。問卷回收後以SPSS 12.01套裝軟體進行資料分析。資料分析方法主要採敘述統計、信度分析、因素分析、t考驗、單因子變異數分析及薛費多重比較法，作為資料處理方法。本研究之主要發現如下： 一、 幼托園所長教學領導內涵包括五層面，包括：形成與傳遞園所教學目標、確保課程與教學品質、營造良好學習氣氛與工作環境、促進教師專業成長以及賦權教師。 二、 幼托園所長與教師對「幼托園所長教學領導」知覺程度皆非常高，且無差異。 三、 在幼托園所長部份，不同「年齡」、「服務年資」、「園所地區」、「園所性質」、「園所規模」者對「幼托園所長教學領導」知覺程度有所差異。 四、 在幼托園所教師部份，不同「園所性質」、「園所規模」之幼托園教師對「幼托園所長教學領導」知覺程度有所差異。 最後依據本研究結果分析與結論，對於幼托園所長、幼教行政機關與規劃園所長研習單位以及後續研究者提出具體建議以茲參考。 / Recently, the research focus of early childhood education has gradually put more emphasis on preschool directors in Taiwan. Much research has shown that preschool directors play a key role in preschool quality, and that their leadership also has an impact on preschools. Some scholars had emphasized that preschool directors’ leadership consist of two parts: administration leadership and instructional leadership. Somehow, there was gradually more research on administration leadership, but still very few on preschool directors’ instructional leadership. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to understand the awareness of preschool directors’ instructional leadership between preschool directors themselves and preschool teachers in Taiwan. In addition, the study was also done to identify the background factors that would influence directors’ and teachers’ awareness of directors’ instructional leadership. This study was executed using a questionnaire survey. A sample population of 754 public and private preschool directors, along with 754 teachers, participated using the survey tool, Preschool Directors’ Instructional Leadership Questionnaire, which was developed by researcher according to literature review. 400 questionnaires (effective return rate is 53.05%) were returned by directors, and 395 (effective return rate is 52.38%) by teachers. This study reports four major findings: (1) Preschool directors’ instructional leadership includes 5 dimensions:(a)To frame and communicate the school’s instructional goals; (b)To ensure learning and teaching quality; (c) To build a positive learning and working climate; (d) To promote teachers’ professional growth; (e) To delegate authority to teachers. (2) Both preschool directors and teachers had very high-degree awareness of directors’ instructional leadership. And there was no difference between the directors’ and teachers’ awareness. (3) Different age, working experience, school area, school type, and school scale have influenced preschool directors’ awareness of their instructional leadership. (4) Different school type and scale have influenced preschool teachers’ awareness of directors’ instructional leadership. Keywords: awareness of instructional leadership, preschool directors、preschool teachers、kindergarten and preschool

This thesis deals with the personal and social development of preschool teachers as one of the possibilities for their further education. The theoretical part describes the current available types of professional competencies of current preschool teachers and focuses on their professional development through personal and social education (PSE). The aim of the empirical part is to create, implement and reflect short-term practical training for kindergarten teachers in selected topics of personal and social education through a form of action research. Selected topics (issue of rules in kindergarten, communication and mental hygiene) came from a questionnaire of interest in education issues of PSE. The aim of the course is skills training and improving of professional competence of teachers in selected areas through self-experience activities. Also the course leads teachers to think about appropriate solutions of problematic educational situations through joint discussion, sharing of professional experiences, reflection and self-reflection of teachers. The secondary purpose is to show the topics from the view of teachers' working with children and to link them with key competencies for preschool education, educational areas and expected outcomes of the national curriculum Framework Educational Program...

Denna uppsats handlar om hur pedagogers stress och kortsiktiga lösningar påverkar barnen och förskolans verksamhet. Genom att använda mig utav en hermeneutisk forskningsansats har jag försökt få en ny förståelse utifrån den förförståelse jag redan har. Framförallt har jag använt mig utav Hans- Georg Gadamers hermeneutik. Syftet med uppsatsen är att visa på hurpedagogers stress påverkar barnen på förskolan och verksamheten. Genom att visa hurskapas en förståelse över hur man kan arbeta annorlunda. Vad behöver man som pedagog bära med sig in i verksamheten?  Min berättelse handlar om tre olika situationer där kortsiktiga lösningar och stress är en faktor. Den ena situationen är ett möte, den andra en vanlig dag på förskolan och den tredje handlar om kommunikation mellan kollegor och kommunikation mellan medarbetare och chef. Mina frågeställningar är:  Hur påverkar pedagogers stress och kortsiktiga lösningar förskolans verksamhet? På vilket sätt påverkas barnen i förskolan utav pedagogers stress och kortsiktiga lösningar? Då människor reagerar olika på stress och olika stressorer så finns det inget mirakelmedel för att ”bota” situationerna. Jag har därför i min uppsats visat på vilka rättigheter man har som medarbetare och vilka skyldigheter arbetsgivaren har.  Det jag kommit fram till är att pedagogers stress och kortsiktiga lösningar påverkar barn och verksamheten indirekt. Genom att andra faktorer såsom möten och personalbrist hindrar verksamheten så påverkas barnen indirekt. Detta genom att pedagogen är mindre närvarande och mer lättirriterad på grund av sociala och organisatoriska faktorer. Detta i sin tur påverkar barnen indirekt genom att pedagogen hindras från att göra ett tillfredsställande arbete. / This essay is about how educators´ stress and short-term solutions affect the children and the preschool activities. By using a hermeneutic research approach, I have tried to get a new understanding based on the pre-understanding I already have. Most importantly, I have used Hans-Georg Gadamer's hermeneutic. The purpose of the paper is to show how preschool teachers´ stress affects the children in preschool and the function of preschool, by showing how to create an understanding of how to work differently. What do you need, as a preschool teacher, to bring into the preschool?                       My story is about three different situations where short-term solutions and stress are factors. One situation is a meeting, the other is a regular day at preschool and the third is about communication between colleagues and communication between coworkers and boss.                       My questions are:  How do the educator´s stress and short-term solutions affect the preschool's activities? In what way are the children in the preschool affected by the educator´s stress and short-term solutions?                       As people react differently to stress and stressors, there is no miracle "cure" of the situations. In my essay, I have therefore discussed the rights of employees as well as the duties of the employer.                        What I have concluded is that preschool teachers´ stress and short-term solutions affect children and the preschool indirectly. Because other factors, such as meetings and staff shortages, hinder the activities, the children are indirectly affected. This is because the pedagogue is less present and more easily irritated due to social and organizational factors. This, in turn, affects the children indirectly by preventing the pedagogue from doing a satisfactory job.

Den kunskap som ett barns föräldrar och förskolepersonal besitter om dess språk är värdefull att tillvarata, särskilt då formaliserade språkbedömningar kan vara svåradministrerade med små barn. Detta kan exempelvis göras via föräldraenkäter. Studiens syfte var att undersöka vilka likheter och skillnader som förelåg mellan bedömningar av språklig förmåga hos barn, gjorda dels av föräldrar och förskolepersonal via en enkät, dels av logopedstudenter via en logopedisk bedömning. Studiedeltagarna utgjordes av 20 barn i åldrarna 2 ½ - 3 år, 20 föräldrar och 14 förskolepersonal. Föräldrar och förskolepersonal besvarade 18 frågor ur föräldraenkäten Receptive Expressive Emergent Language Test - 2 (REEL-2) och barnen testades av logopedstudenterna på uppgifter motsvarande dessa frågor. Resultatet visade bland annat att de genomsnittliga procentuella överensstämmelserna mellan bedömargrupperna var goda. Ingen kombination av bedömargrupper var signifikant mer överens än någon annan. Vissa tendenser till skillnader framkom när materialet analyserades med avseende på språkliga domäner och enskilda frågor. Slutsatsen var att bedömargrupperna föreföll kunna ge likvärdig, men inte identisk, information om barnens språkliga förmåga. Av den anledningen anses inhämtande av information från olika källor vara betydelsefull. Föräldraenkäter kan vara ett värdefullt verktyg i kontakten mellan logopeder, föräldrar och förskolepersonal och ökad användning av föräldraenkäter tros kunna förbättra samarbetet mellan dessa parter. / Parents’ knowledge about their children’s language is valuable to consider, particularly when formal tests can be difficult to administer with young children. The aim of this study was to examine similarities and differences between parents and preschool teacher’s reports on a questionnaire concerning children’s linguistic development and direct assessment by speech language pathology students. In the study 20 children aged 2 ½ - 3 years, 20 parents and 14 preschool teachers participated. The parents and preschool teachers answered 18 questions from the questionnaire Receptive Expressive Emergent Language Test - 2 (REEL-2) and the children were tested on items based on these questions. The results showed that the interjudge agreement between the groups was high. Some tendencies emerged when the material was analyzed with reference to language domains and individual questions. In conclusion, parents and preschool teachers seemed to be able to give similar information about the children’s linguistic abilities as provided by the direct assessment. The results also indicate that it is important to obtain information about a child’s language from different sources and that parental reports might be beneficial in the collaboration between speech language pathologists, parents and preschool teachers. Increased use of parental reports can facilitate the cooperation between these groups.

This doctoral thesis had two purposes. 1. To study some preschool teachers’ possibilities to develop a gender aware pedagogy by applying theories of organisation, profession and collaboration. 2. To do qualitative research by drawing on principles of research for social justice, as a contribution to the development of methodology in feminist educational action research. The following research questions helped elucidate these purposes: How do preschool teachers create space for reflection and knowledge processes over time? What individual and collective actions do preschool teachers take over time? How can this study contribute to organisational development? Feminist pragmatism served as the philosophical underpinning for feminist action research (FAR) as a methodology and method. The preschool teachers were regarded as agents for change in their own pedagogic and organisational practices. Over a three-year period meetings were conducted on a regular basis. One-on-one interviews, group interviews, numerous emails, telephone calls and some observations completed the data collection. The analytical research narrative emerged by linking the preschool teachers’ actions to their ambiguous professional status. Actions were interpreted by applying the principles inherent in FAR, what, who and critical incidents over time. The absence of professional recognition from the municipal employer and parents for the preschool teachers was evident. Since the preschool teachers needed professional recognition, they experienced the collaborative nature of this study of great value as it conferred legitimacy for their professional development. There emerged meaningful pedagogic change over time, which emphasised the temporal aspect of organisational change from the bottom up. Collective actions began to take root in a shared value system. The design of the project – to collaborate with an outside ally – was decisive in regard to creating space for reflection and collective actions. Collective actions were possible due to the courage of individual participants who dared break silences surrounding organisational injustices. In conclusion, it can be stated that organisational change over time is indeed possible by practising radical openness for agency. Transformative knowledge processes can be achieved provided that genuine offers of participation are issued and well received. By elaborating on terms such as action, participation, emancipation, social justice and knowledge, a methodological contribution could be made to feminist action research. / Denna avhandling hade två syften. 1. Att i ett organisations-, professions- och pedagogiskt samverkansperspektiv studera några förskollärares möjligheter och hinder för utvecklingen av en genusmedveten pedagogik. 2. Att bedriva kvalita-tiv forskning utifrån antaganden om forskning för social rättvisa, som ett bidrag till metodologiutveckling. Följande frågeställningar belyste dessa syften: Hur skapar förskollärare utrymme för reflektion och kunskapsprocesser över tid; vil-ka individuella och kollektiva handlingar utför förskollärare över tid; vilka bi-drag till verksamhetsutveckling kan en studie av detta slag göra? Med feminis-tisk pragmatism som vetenskapsteoretisk grund tillämpades feministisk aktions-forskning som satte förskollärarnas frågeställningar i centrum. Under tre års tid ägde regelbundna träffar rum för gemensamma reflektioner, utvärderingar och planeringar av pedagogiska handlingar. Enskilda och gruppintervjuer, deltagande observationer samt en stor mängd mejl-, telefon- och brevutbyten kompletterade datainsamlingen. Den analytiska forskningsberättelsen växte fram under åter-koppling till förskollärares handlingar och i ljuset av förskollärares diffusa pro-fessionstillhörighet. Handlingarna tolkades utifrån de i feministisk aktionsforsk-ningsmetodologi inneboende principerna vad, vem och kritiska händelser över tid. Organisations- och professionsteoretiska analyser visade att förskollärarnas handlingar varken erkändes som professionella av den kommunala arbetsgivaren eller föräldrarna. Förskollärarnas behov av professionell erkänsla var stort, men när den uteblev, visade sig det långsiktiga utvecklingsarbetet vara av stort värde, därför att förskollärarna lyckades åstadkomma pedagogiskt sett meningsfulla förändringar, vilket understryker den temporala aspekten av organisatoriska för-ändringar underifrån. Förskollärarnas kollektiva handlingar började rota sig i en gemensam värdegrund. Formen av utvecklingsarbetet - att samarbeta med en al-lierad utifrån - var avgörande för skapandet av utrymme för reflektion och kol-lektiva handlingar. Kollektiva handlingar möjliggjordes i hög utsträckning tack vare enskilda deltagares mod att bryta tystnader om orättvisor i den egna verk-samheten. En slutsats är att det är möjligt att åstadkomma organisatoriska för-ändringar över tid genom en radikal öppenhet för agency. Transformativa kun-skapsprocesser kan åstadkommas om erbjudanden till ett genuint deltagande i ett förändringsarbete lämnas och mottas. Genom en problematisering av termer som handling, deltagande, emancipation, social rättvisa och kunskap gjordes ett me-todologiskt bidrag till feministisk aktionsforskning.

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

<p>Den kunskap som ett barns föräldrar och förskolepersonal besitter om dess språk är värdefull att tillvarata, särskilt då formaliserade språkbedömningar kan vara svåradministrerade med små barn. Detta kan exempelvis göras via föräldraenkäter. Studiens syfte var att undersöka vilka likheter och skillnader som förelåg mellan bedömningar av språklig förmåga hos barn, gjorda dels av föräldrar och förskolepersonal via en enkät, dels av logopedstudenter via en logopedisk bedömning. Studiedeltagarna utgjordes av 20 barn i åldrarna 2 ½ - 3 år, 20 föräldrar och 14 förskolepersonal. Föräldrar och förskolepersonal besvarade 18 frågor ur föräldraenkäten Receptive Expressive Emergent Language Test - 2 (REEL-2) och barnen testades av logopedstudenterna på uppgifter motsvarande dessa frågor.</p><p>Resultatet visade bland annat att de genomsnittliga procentuella överensstämmelserna mellan bedömargrupperna var goda. Ingen kombination av bedömargrupper var signifikant mer överens än någon annan. Vissa tendenser till skillnader framkom när materialet analyserades med avseende på språkliga domäner och enskilda frågor. Slutsatsen var att bedömargrupperna föreföll kunna ge likvärdig, men inte identisk, information om barnens språkliga förmåga. Av den anledningen anses inhämtande av information från olika källor vara betydelsefull. Föräldraenkäter kan vara ett värdefullt verktyg i kontakten mellan logopeder, föräldrar och förskolepersonal och ökad användning av föräldraenkäter tros kunna förbättra samarbetet mellan dessa parter.</p> / <p>Parents’ knowledge about their children’s language is valuable to consider, particularly when formal tests can be difficult to administer with young children. The aim of this study was to examine similarities and differences between parents and preschool teacher’s reports on a questionnaire concerning children’s linguistic development and direct assessment by speech language pathology students. In the study 20 children aged 2 ½ - 3 years, 20 parents and 14 preschool teachers participated. The parents and preschool teachers answered 18 questions from the questionnaire Receptive Expressive Emergent Language Test - 2 (REEL-2) and the children were tested on items based on these questions. </p><p>The results showed that the interjudge agreement between the groups was high. Some tendencies emerged when the material was analyzed with reference to language domains and individual questions. In conclusion, parents and preschool teachers seemed to be able to give similar information about the children’s linguistic abilities as provided by the direct assessment. The results also indicate that it is important to obtain information about a child’s language from different sources and that parental reports might be beneficial in the collaboration between speech language pathologists, parents and preschool teachers. Increased use of parental reports can facilitate the cooperation between these groups.</p>