<p><p><p><strong>Bakgrund</strong><strong>:</strong> Studier visar att ungas upplevda- och psykiska hälsa samt deras hälsorelaterade levnadsvanor försämras med åldern. Elevers trivsel och påverkansmöjligheter i skolan minskar också med stigande ålder. Hälsofrämjande arbete i skolan kan därför vara värdefullt för att förbättra ungas hälsa. Det kan exempelvis ske genom Korpen Svenska Motionsidrottsförbundets koncept: Hälsodiplomerad gymnasieskola. I Västerås är Carlforsska gymnasiet en hälsodiplomerad skola. <strong>Syfte</strong>: Att studera om den hälsodiplomerade skolans hälsofrämjande arbete medfört någon förändring gällande elevers hälsa i årskurs två mellan åren 2004 och 2008. <strong>Metod</strong>: En resultatutvärdering genomfördes innefattande; en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ metod. Kvalitativ studie omfattade fyra intervjuer med skolpersonal. Underlag för den kvantitativa studien var ett insamlat material från undersökningen "Liv- och hälsa- Ung i Västmanland". <strong>Resultat</strong>: Skolpersonal upplevde att förbättringar skett gällande elevers hälsorelaterade levnadsvanor och ökad trivsel i skolan. Båda könen rapporterade förbättrad psykisk hälsa avseende minskad nervositet och ökad skoltrivsel. Pojkar hade också förbättrade resultat gällande; livskvalitet, irritation, stress, alkoholintag och snusvanor. Flickor rapporterade förbättrade resultat rörande; fysisk aktivitet, frukostintag och utökad arbetsro i skolan. <strong>Slutsatser</strong>: Skolans hälsofrämjande arbete har troligtvis bidragit till att förbättra elevers hälsa. Det är ett långsiktigt arbete och fler studier inom området behövs för att utläsa dess egentliga effekter på hälsa.</p></p></p> / <p><p><p><strong>Background</strong><strong>:</strong> Studies have shown that young people's experienced- and psychological health and their health related habits declines with age. Student's comfort and influence opportunities in school also weaken with age. Health promotion work in school might therefore be valuable to increase young people's health. This could for instance be achieved through Korpen - the Swedish exercise union's concept: Health certified school. Västerås, a city in the county of Västmanland, has one health certified high school, Carlforsska. <strong>Aim</strong>: To study if the health certified school's health promotion work has resulted in any change concerning the second grade student's health, between the years 2004 and 2008. <strong>Method</strong>: A outcome evaluation has been conducted including both qualitative and quantitative method. The qualitative method included four interviews with school staff. The foundation for the quantitative study was a collected material from a survey called "Liv och hälsa- Ung in Västmanland". <strong>Result</strong>: School staff experienced improvements concerning student's health related habits and increased comfort in school. Both boys and girls reported improved psychological health such as lower feelings of nervousness and improved comfort in school. Boys had also improved results in; self reported quality of life, irritation, stress and alcoholand snuff use. Girls improved their results in; physical activity, breakfast habits and improved feelings of better working conditions in school. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The school's health promotive work has probably contributed to the student's improved health results. Working with health in school is a longterm process and more studies are needed to assure the detailed influence by health promotive work on young people's health.</p></p></p>

Bakgrund: Studier visar att ungas upplevda- och psykiska hälsa samt deras hälsorelaterade levnadsvanor försämras med åldern. Elevers trivsel och påverkansmöjligheter i skolan minskar också med stigande ålder. Hälsofrämjande arbete i skolan kan därför vara värdefullt för att förbättra ungas hälsa. Det kan exempelvis ske genom Korpen Svenska Motionsidrottsförbundets koncept: Hälsodiplomerad gymnasieskola. I Västerås är Carlforsska gymnasiet en hälsodiplomerad skola. Syfte: Att studera om den hälsodiplomerade skolans hälsofrämjande arbete medfört någon förändring gällande elevers hälsa i årskurs två mellan åren 2004 och 2008. Metod: En resultatutvärdering genomfördes innefattande; en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ metod. Kvalitativ studie omfattade fyra intervjuer med skolpersonal. Underlag för den kvantitativa studien var ett insamlat material från undersökningen "Liv- och hälsa- Ung i Västmanland". Resultat: Skolpersonal upplevde att förbättringar skett gällande elevers hälsorelaterade levnadsvanor och ökad trivsel i skolan. Båda könen rapporterade förbättrad psykisk hälsa avseende minskad nervositet och ökad skoltrivsel. Pojkar hade också förbättrade resultat gällande; livskvalitet, irritation, stress, alkoholintag och snusvanor. Flickor rapporterade förbättrade resultat rörande; fysisk aktivitet, frukostintag och utökad arbetsro i skolan. Slutsatser: Skolans hälsofrämjande arbete har troligtvis bidragit till att förbättra elevers hälsa. Det är ett långsiktigt arbete och fler studier inom området behövs för att utläsa dess egentliga effekter på hälsa. / Background: Studies have shown that young people's experienced- and psychological health and their health related habits declines with age. Student's comfort and influence opportunities in school also weaken with age. Health promotion work in school might therefore be valuable to increase young people's health. This could for instance be achieved through Korpen - the Swedish exercise union's concept: Health certified school. Västerås, a city in the county of Västmanland, has one health certified high school, Carlforsska. Aim: To study if the health certified school's health promotion work has resulted in any change concerning the second grade student's health, between the years 2004 and 2008. Method: A outcome evaluation has been conducted including both qualitative and quantitative method. The qualitative method included four interviews with school staff. The foundation for the quantitative study was a collected material from a survey called "Liv och hälsa- Ung in Västmanland". Result: School staff experienced improvements concerning student's health related habits and increased comfort in school. Both boys and girls reported improved psychological health such as lower feelings of nervousness and improved comfort in school. Boys had also improved results in; self reported quality of life, irritation, stress and alcoholand snuff use. Girls improved their results in; physical activity, breakfast habits and improved feelings of better working conditions in school. Conclusion: The school's health promotive work has probably contributed to the student's improved health results. Working with health in school is a longterm process and more studies are needed to assure the detailed influence by health promotive work on young people's health.

Arbetsplatsen har kommit att bli en viktigt arena där hälsan och förutsättningarna för hälsan kan påverkas. De senaste åren har det skett en positiv utveckling gällande den fysiska arbetsmiljön men inte gällande den psykosociala arbetsmiljön där speciellt anställda inom hälso- och sjukvården upplever en allt mer pressad arbetssituation. Litteraturgenomgången kring psykosociala arbetsförhållanden visar att det finns lite forskning gjord kring positiva aspekter av socialt stöd och hälsa. Detta ses som ett problem då det i arbetsmiljön ligger en avsevärd potential i främjandet av hälsa och att fokus bör förflyttas från det patogena till det salutogena synsättet. Syftet var att ur ett salutogent perspektiv se det sociala stödets betydelse på arbetsplatser inom privat hälso- och sjukvård samt undersöka medarbetarnas självuppskattade hälsa och upplevelser av arbetsplatsen och arbetssituationen. Metoden var en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie. En strukturerad webenkät användes för att samla in data. Totalt deltog 91 medarbetare inom närsjukvården på ett privat hälso- och sjukvårdsföretag, vilket innebar en svarsfrekvens på 43 %. Resultaten visar ett direkt positivt samband mellan socialt stöd och olika arbetsrelaterade faktorer samt hälsa. Socialt stöd medierar även effekterna av kontroll på nivån av den självuppskattade hälsan. Dock fanns det inget underlag för att socialt stöd har en större betydelse än andra arbetsrelaterade faktorer i relation till hälsa. Konklusionerna var att ett gott emotionellt klimat bidrar till gynnsamma hälsoeffekter. Ett viktigt perspektiv i det hälsofrämjande arbetet är att skapa och främja goda relationer på arbetsplatsen. Exempelvis är formella samtalsgrupper effektiva vid främjandet av goda relationer, samt bidragande till minskningen av stressupplevelser vilket även fångar in den preventiva tillämpningen. Hälsa berör flera aspekter och bör ses så holistiskt som möjligt. / The workplace has become an important arena where health- and the prospects of health can be affected. In recent years there have been positive developments regarding the physical work environment but not concerning the psychosocial development environment where employees especially in the health care system is experiencing an increasingly tight labor situation. The literature review on psychosocial working conditions show that there is little research done on the positive aspects of social support and health. This is seen as a problem when the work environment is a considerable potential in the promotion of health, and that the focus should move from the pathogenic to the salutogenic approach. The aim of this thesis was from a salutogenic perspective to study the importance of social support at workplaces in the private healthcare, and examine employees' self-estimated health and perceptions of the workplace and working conditions. The Method was a quantitative cross-sectional study. A structured web-based survey was used to collect data. A total of 91 employees of the local health services in a private healthcare company participated, representing a response rate of 43%. The Results showed a direct positive relationship between social support and various work-related factors and health. Social support also mediates the effects of control on the level of self-estimated health. However, there was no basis for social support as a greater factor than other work-related factors in relation to health. The Conclusions were that a good emotional climate contributes to beneficial health effects. An important perspective in health promotion is to create and foster good relationships in the workplace. For instance are formal discussion groups effective in the promotion of good relations, as well as contributing to the reduction of stress experiences, which also captures the preventive view. Health concerns several aspects and should be seen as holistic as possible.

Health is a complex concept and therefore difficult to define. The concept today playsan important role in society as well as in school, due to the inactivity of today’s youth. Thelatest curriculum for the compulsory school, Lpo 94, has increased the focus on the concept ofhealth, as a part of the physical education, but how the teacher chooses to construct theeducation is still up to each individual, which leads to a vast room for personal interpretation.This is the starting-point of our qualitative, ethnographical, study, that has resulted inthis composition. By passively participating during four lessons as well as interviewing twoteachers in physical education we have been able to analyse how the education regarding theconcept of health was constructed. The main questions we wanted to analyse were: whichdefinition of the concept of health do the teachers in the education regarding health advocate?How is this made explicitly for the students during the lessons? How is the educationregarding the concept of health structured?Our theoretical framework consists of theories regarding education as well as theconcept of health. Concepts such as socialization, interaction, situated learning, didactics andsalutogenic and pathogenic perspectives of health are part of this framework.Our study suggests that the education regarding the concept of health can be explainedin terms of both salutogenic and pathogenic tendencies. Teachers’ definitions and views onthe concept of health have a salutogenic perspective, which becomes evident during theinterviews where physical, psychological and social aspects of health are taken into account.However, the education is structured and presented from a pathogenic perspective and istherefore dominated by the physical aspect of health. This leads to the fact that the teachers’way of talking about the concept of health differs from their way of teaching during thelessons.

An individual´s health is an important quality and asset to the individual, as well as to organizations and communities. The health of a human being is affected by the whole life situation, where the work place forms a significant part. The work place is an arena that can contribute to creating ill-health. In the light of increasing work- related ill-health in our society, it is important today to work with health-promoting initiatives in order to improve the well-being of people. It is advisable that an appointed key person at the work place works with health-promoting efforts. This person could very well be a health inspirer. The aim of this study was to make a closer examination and analysis of how health inspirers within the Social Services in Umeå identify themselves with their assignment . Ten health inspirers took part in a qualitative interview study. The result showed that the assignment of the health inspires was to work with conveying knowledge and motivating their co-workers to a healthy behavior which in turn would lead to well-being and good health. The support and feedback by the manager and co-workers were important factors in motivating the health inspirers for the assignment. More distinct frameworks and guidelines proved to be factors that very well could have facilitated the work of the health inspirers.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the situation of homeless people, how they perceive the efforts of the social-services and what opportunities and limitations there is for homeless people to live a health-promoting life. Through qualitative interviews with five acute homeless people I interpreted the results based on the salutogenic perspective of KASAM and the theory of relational power. Results show that homeless people are a vulnerable group with a weak social network, a life characterized by addiction and mental healthproblems and with a limited participation in the society. They express both positive and negative experiences of the social-services, mostly negative. Despite their difficult situation, I found that they have the potential to live a health-promoting life if they are able to manage their existence by accessing alternative social resources such as significant relationships or a religious belief, meaningful activities and the understanding of how they ended up in this situation. Homeless people would like for the social-services to work faster and to design requirements and support based on their individual conditions and needs. Priority initiatives include housing, drugtreatment, occupation and support through good relationships and conversations.

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Die doel van hierdie studie was om die verwantskap tussen persoonlikheidstipes en 'n salutogeniese konstruk naamlik sin vir koherensie te ondersoek. Persoonlikheid is vanuit 'n behavioristiese sowel as humanistiese paradigma ondersoek en sin vir koherensie vanuit 'n salutogeniese paradigma. Die studie is uitgevoer onder middelvlak bestuurders in 'n finansiele instelling waarvan die totale populasie in 'n gegewe geografiese gebied betrek is. Twee meetinstrumente, naamlik die lewensorientasievraelys (OLQ) en die Myers-Briggs tipe indikator (MBTI) is gebruik op die populasie van 57 bestuurders. Pearson produkmoment-korrel asiekoeffisiente is bereken en 'n variansie-ontleding is gedoen. Die resultate van hierdie studie toon dat daar nie 'n beduidende verband is tussen persoonlikheidstipes en sin vir koherensie nie. Die aanname word gemaak dat 'n verwantskap tussen die twee konstrukte moontlik gevind kan word indien 'n meer geografies verspreide en heterogene proefgroep gebruik word waarin al die persoonlikheidstipes verteenwoordig is. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality types a11d a salutogenic construct, namely sense of coherence. Personality has been investigated from a behaviouristic as well as a humanistic paradigm and sense of coherence from a salutogenic paradigm. This study has been done on persons on middle management level in a financial institution of which the total population has been approached in a given geographical area. Two measuring instruments, namely the Orientation To Life Questionnaire (OLQ) and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) have been used on the population of 57 managers. Pearson product moment correlation coefficient has been calculated and a variation analysis has been done. The results of this study show that there is no significant relation between personality types and sense of coherence. It is supposed that a relationship between the two constructs might be found if a more heterogenic and geographically spread experimental group is used in such a way that all the personality types are represented. / Psychology / M.A. (Bedryfsielkunde)

Introduction: Work-related stress is one of the most challenging issues on workplaces. Reduced ability to relax and recover has been proposed as a key factor behind the increase of stress-related illness among workers. Massage and mental training are two commonly used techniques which may have positive effects on the ability to recover. One technique to help workers recover is a “recovery chair” which include both mechanical massage and mental training programs. However, it has not been scientifically evaluated yet whether using the techniques included in the “recovery chair”, both separately and in combination, as a health promotion tool. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the psychological and physiological effects of the mechanical massage and mental training programs included in the “recovery chair”, both separately and in combination, as a health promotion tool for Swedish workers. Methods: In this study workers were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: i) Mechanical massage combined with mental training (n=19), ii) Mechanical massage (n=19), iii) Mental training (n=19), iv), Pause (15 min break in the armchair, n=19), v) and a Control group (n=17). Psychological effects were measured by the ”Swedish Scale of Personality” (SSP) and physiological effects were measured by heart rate, blood pressure and fingertip temperature, immediately before the randomization, after four weeks and after eight weeks (end-of-study). Results: Psychological effects: The results showed that receiving mechanical massage was associated with a significant decrease in “Somatic Trait Anxiety”. The participants in the mental training group showed a tendency to decrease in “Somatic Trait Anxiety”. The participants who received both mechanical massage and mental training showed a significant decrease in “Stress Susceptibility” between four and eight weeks. The results also showed a significant decrease in “Somatic Trait Anxiety” and a significant increase in “Detachment” for the paus group. Physiological effects: As compared to pre-intervention assessments, participants in the massage group condition showed significantly reductions in their resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an increase in their fingertip temperature directly after the intervention (post-intervention). The mechanical massage and mental training group showed a significant increase in diastolic blood pressure during the last four weeks of the study. The participants in the mental training group showed a significant decrease in their heart rate, when compared the start of the study to week four. The pause group tended to have lower systolic blood pressure at post-intervention assessment when compared to the pre-intervention assessment. The participants in the control group showed significantly decrease in heart rate and their systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: The workers’ who used the “recovery chair” with mechanical massage or mental training programs, either separately or in combination, for eight weeks during working hours reported a positive impact on their levels of anxiety and stress sensitivity. The results also showed positive effects on the workers' blood pressure, pulse and fingertip temperature. The effect was particularly strong for workers' who received only mechanical massage. This indicate that stress management interventions as work place health promotion activities clearly have a potential to provide significant benefit for health and wellbeing for workers.

Chronic diseases are usually the result of complex interactions between various lifestyle factors, physiological processes and societal factors. While some of these factors are not modifiable, modification of several of these factors have, to a large extent, demonstrated preventative properties against the development or further development of various chronic diseases. Health-related behaviours are modifiable factors. Behaviour plays an important role in both the development and the management of chronic diseases. One way of investigating this role is to evaluate the impact of health-related behaviours on health. Positive health-related behaviours include eating a healthy diet, regularly engaging in physical exercise, having regular screenings and checkups, not smoking, moderate alcohol use, getting vaccinations and seat belt use. Negative health-related behaviours include eating an unhealthy diet, leading a sedentary life style, not having regular screenings and checkups, smoking, excessive alcohol use and irresponsible driving. Various models of health-related behaviour use social cognitive factors as proximal determinants of health-related behaviours. A social cognitive factor that has received little attention in relation to health-related behaviour, that is sense of coherence (SOC), was used in this study. Although personality factors tend to be only distally associated with health-related behaviour, they do however seem to contribute to a better understanding of these behaviours. Trait emotional intelligence (EI) as a lower order personality trait was used in this study. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of the relationships between SOC, trait EI and health-related behaviours. A cross-sectional, correlational research design was used. Participants were selected based on convenient and easy access. Participants completed an online questionnaire that consisted of a health behaviour survey as well as the short form of the Orientation to Life Questionnaire and the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. The health behaviour survey assessed some aspects of people's health-related behaviour, including diet, sleep and preventive behaviours, alcohol use, exercise and smoking. Health behaviour correlated significantly with both SOC and Trait EI. SOC and Trait EI were also significantly correlated. When controlling for a third variable, neither SOC nor trait EI correlated significantly with health behaviour. Although none of the predictors made significant contributions to the prediction of health behaviour, the basic regression model reached statistical significance. Trait EI made a significant contribution to the prediction of health behaviour in a more parsimonious regression model, which also reached statistical significance. / Dissertation (MA (Research Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Psychology / unrestricted

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur fritidshemmet och skolans elevhälsoteam arbetar utifrån ett hälsofrämjande perspektiv. Det för att synliggöra om ett behov av samverkan mellan fritidshemspersonal och elevhälsoteamet fanns och hur det gemensamma uppdraget kan verka stärkande för det hälsofrämjande uppdraget. Studiens frågeställningar löd:  Hur beskrivs samverkan mellan fritidshemmets personal och skolans elevhälsoteam? På vilket sätt kan samverkan mellan fritidshem och elevhälsoteamet bidra till ett gemensamt hälsofrämjande arbete och verksamhet? Studien baserades på en online-enkätundersökning bestående av kvalitativ forskningsmetod med endast öppna frågor av kvalitativ art. Online-enkäten publicerades och distribuerades till 18 personer som var verksamma inom fritidshem samt elevhälsoteam. Av de 13 respondenter som deltog i studien var fem fritidslärare, tre skolkuratorer och fem skolsköterskor. De som deltog i studien arbetar på olika grundskolor i tre medelstora kommuner.  Studiens empiri analyserades genom Aaron Antonovskys salutogena perspektiv och känsla av sammanhang (KASAM). Genom tematiserade kategoriseringar utifrån ett nulägesperspektiv och ett framåtsyftande perspektiv, presenterades resultatet. Resultatet synliggjorde brister inom samverkansuppdraget mellan fritidshemmet och elevhälsan samt att det hälsofrämjande arbetet fortfarande är åsidosatt gentemot det tidigare åtgärdsbaserade arbetet. Resultatet visade också en önskan och tes från professionerna om att samverkan mellan dessa parter kan stärka det gemensamma hälsofrämjande arbetet. Slutsatsen visar på att studiens resultat överensstämmer med vad litteratur och forskning framhåller angående om att en samsyn ska finnas för att ett samverkansarbete ska kunna etableras.