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Ce travail d’analyse s’intéresse à la construction des différents sujets dans les chroniques de l’écrivain chilien Pedro Lemebel. Suite à la dictature d’Augusto Pinochet et à l’implantation du néolibéralisme la société chilienne s’est profondément transformée. Le chroniqueur interroge ces mutations à partir des sujets participants à cette réalité, mais qui n’ont pas de véritable place dans les discours institutionnels, littéraires et artistiques. Ainsi, le lecteur fait la connaissance de travestis, de prostitués, d’homosexuels, d’enfants de la rue, de vagabonds, de fous, et de femmes des bidonvilles. Nous souhaitons démontrer comment se constituent ces subjectivités invisibles à partir de stratégies discursives qui mettent en évidence les processus de subjectivation imposés par le système économique, politique et social. En outre, la réflexion se porte sur les stratégies privilégiant la corporalité comme discours de résistance, voire de force politique. La recherche s’articule autour de trois axes de réflexion. Nous évoquons la question de la chronique comme l’espace textuel propice au travail sur les subjectivités. Nous abordons ensuite les pratiques d’assujettissement et de constitution vécues par les subjectivités situées à la marge de la société. Celles-ci font du désir et de la mémoire leurs principes fondamentaux. Enfin, nous étudions les diverses stratégies corpo-textuelles liées à la notion de nomadisme et de corps résistants. Ainsi, nous analysons le nomadisme identitaire, les métamorphoses corporelles, la prédominance du discours de la chair et les transformations de l’imaginaire à partir de la corporéité. Sur le plan théorique nous nous appuyons sur les travaux de Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari et Rosi Braidotti. / The objective of this study is to analyze the construction of various subjects in the chronicles of the Chilean writer Pedro Lemebel. The dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet and the implementation of neoliberalism have profoundly transformed Chilean society. The author retrieves these transformations from the subjects who participate in this reality, and who have no real place in the institutional, literary and artistic discourse. We meet cross-dressers, prostitutes, homosexuals, street children, vagabonds, mentally disturbed individuals, and women from the slums. We want to demonstrate how these invisible subjects represent the discursive strategies invoked to highlight the processes of subjection imposed by the economic, political and social system. Furthermore, how do these strategies emphasize corporeality as a means of resistance discourse or even possibly a political force? The research is based on three lines of thought. We discuss the questions of whether the author is the textual space most conducive to explore the individual subjects. We then address the mode of subjection and constitution by subjects (subjectivity) at the fringes of society. These groups have made desire and memory their fundamental principles. Finally, we study the various text strategies related to the concept of “nomadic theory” and “resistant body”. Thus, we analyze the notion of being nomadic as part of one’s identity, bodily metamorphosis, the dominance of the flesh and the transformation of the imaginary order issued from the corporeality. Theoretically, we take as reference the work of Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari and Rosi Braidotti

The AIDS epidemic turns 30 years since its release in early 1980. Since then, models have emerged to fight the epidemic and responses to its spread and a social imaginary and psychic marked by the figures of death, the blame and stigmatization of people affected by the disease. In this situation, other practices organized reinforced by the dynamics of the epidemic, social mobilization and the emergence of antiretroviral therapies, indicating the necessity of considering a specific system of care for people living with HIV / AIDS (PLWHA) that goes beyond of disease. Such reformulations can be condensed in the concept of "health promotion" which is an expanded look at the health care policy toward PLHA synthesized by notions of empowerment and vulnerability. So, this research aims to understand subjectivation processes of PLWHA in the context of a "group of treatment adherence" in the city of Aracaju, from the clash between their narratives, the imaginary about AIDS and the institutional discourses. The analysis discourses of group membership and the PLWHA showed the dual importance of the problems and the consolidation of policy for health promotion AIDS, to the extent that it falls models of intelligibility of the disease and society marked by control and safety devices associated with the modern discourse of prevention. In this sense, ways of thinking about health care policy and psychological clinic itself may reproduce processes of subjection about the guilt, victimization and political exploitation that holds the place of AIDS as a disease of the others to be governed. But at the same time, the membership group" indicates their affective and critical power, that resists constraints in the name of a common, for does not fall into an identity logical, the friendship. / A epidemia de AIDS completa 30 anos desde a sua divulgação no início dos anos 1980. Desde então, modelos de enfrentamento da epidemia surgiram como respostas a sua disseminação e a um imaginário social e psíquico marcados pelas figuras da morte, da culpabilização e da estigmatização das pessoas afetadas pela doença. Diante desse quadro, outras práticas se organizaram reforçadas pela própria dinâmica da epidemia, da mobilização social e do surgimento das terapias antirretrovirais, indicando a necessidade de se pensar um sistema de cuidados específico para as Pessoas que Vivem com HIV/AIDS (PVHA), que vai além da doença. Tais reformulações estão condensadas no conceito de promoção à saúde que representa uma ampliação do olhar sobre a política assistencial sintetizada pelas noções de empoderamento e vulnerabilidade. Assim, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender os processos de subjetivação das PVHA, no contexto de um grupo de adesão ao tratamento no município de Aracaju, a partir do confronto entre seus discursos, o imaginário em torno da AIDS e o discurso institucional. A análise dos discursos do grupo de adesão e das PVHA mostraram a dupla importância da problematização e da consolidação da política de promoção à saúde, na medida em que a mesma se inscreve em modelos de inteligibilidade da doença e de sociedade marcados por dispositivos de controle e segurança associados ao discurso moderno da prevenção. Nesse sentido, formas de pensar a política de atenção e a própria clínica psicológica podem reproduzir processos de sujeição em torno da culpa, da vitimização e da instrumentalização política que sustentam o lugar da AIDS como doença do outro a ser governado. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, o grupo de adesão indica sua potência afetiva e crítica, que resiste às sujeições em nome de um comum, que não recaia em uma lógica identitária, a amizade.

Syfte och frågeställningar: Det övergripande syftet handlar om att undersöka hur villkoren för killars och mäns deltagande i ridsportverksamheter gestaltas i berättelser om ridsport. Annorlunda uttryckt är jag intresserad av hur kön konstrueras, eller ”görs”, i killars och mäns ridsportberättelser. Centrala frågeställningar är: Hur hanteras killarnas och männens könsgränsöverskridande i berättelserna? Vilka normer och föreställningar kring kön och sexualitet blir synliga i berättelserna? Hur positionerar sig killarna och männen i förhållande till rådande köns- och sexualitetsnormer? Metodologi: Studien bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med 19 killar och män, 13 till 55 år gamla, aktiva på såväl bredd som tävlingsnivå i verksamheter knutna till Svenska Ridsportförbundet. I ett första analyssteg genomfördes en narrativ analys, där fem berättelser – eller narrativ – konstruerades. Dessa illustrerar på olika sätt centrala teman, erfarenheter och problematiker i intervjupersonernas berättelser. I ett andra analyssteg gjordes en feministisk poststrukturell läsning av de fem narrativen. Resultat och diskussion: Sammanfattningsvis verkar det som att deltagandet i en kvinnligt kodad idrott som ridsporten kan öppna upp för andra, och mindre stereotypa, sätt att vara kille än traditionellt manligt kodade idrotter. Eftersom den vardagliga verksamheten innehåller både sådant som (i vår kultur) brukar definieras som kvinnligt, exempelvis omsorg, kommunikation och lyhördhet, och sådant som brukar definieras som manligt, exempelvis handlingskraft, styrka och mod, får man som kille (och tjej) möjlighet att inta såväl feminint som maskulint kodade positioner. På detta sätt utmanas dominerande diskurser om hur tjejer och killar, män och kvinnor ”är”. Samtidigt måste man som kille inom ridsporten förhålla sig till det omgivande samhällets syn på ridning som en ”tjejsport” liksom till en heteronormativ särartsdiskurs enligt vilken killar inom ridsporten är tävlings-, prestations- och målinriktade, inte gillar att pyssla med hästarna och tycker att det bästa med ridsporten är tjejerna. Det verkar göra att det kan bli extra viktigt att betona maskulinitet – och framförallt heterosexualitet – för att visa att man trots allt är en ”normal” kille. Bögen blir här en form av ”gränsvakt”, en stereotyp som både möjliggör och begränsar, men som framförallt synliggör en heteronormativ ordning. / Aim: The overall aim is to investigate how conditions of boys and men’s participation in equestrian sports activities are framed in stories about equestrian sports. In other words I´m interested in the construction of gender, or the ‘doing of gender’, in boys and men´s stories about equestrian sports. Research questions are: How is the gender bending of the boys and men treated in the stories– both inside and outside equestrian sports? Which norms and representations about gender and sexuality are visible in the stories? How do the boys and men position themselves in relation to prevailing gender- and sexuality norms? Methodology: 19 boys and men, between the ages of 13 and 55, active on different levels in the Swedish Equestrian Sports Federation, were interviewed in the study. In a first step, a narrative analysis was conducted. Five narratives, illustrating central themes and experiences in the informants´ stories were constructed. In a second step a feminist post-structuralist reading of the five narratives was carried out. Results and discussion: The results indicate that participation in female-coded sports, like equestrian sports, can open up to other and less stereotypical ways of being a boy or man than participation in sports traditionally seen as masculine. Since the everyday activities contains both elements that we usually (in our culture) define as female, for example care, communication and sensitivity and elements we usually define as male, for example initiative, strength and courage, boys get the opportunity to practice assumed feminine as well as assumed masculine positions. In this way dominant discourses about boys and girls and men and women – how they “are” and what they like – are challenged. At the same time the stories make visible that boys and men in equestrian sports have to relate to the surrounding society’s view of horse riding as a “girl sport” and to heteronormative gender discourses in which men in equestrian sports are competitive and goal oriented, don’t like to cuddle with horses and think that the best thing with horse riding is the girls. It seems as if one strategy for handling this is to emphasize masculinity – and especially heterosexuality – to show that you in spite of everything are a “normal” guy. In this way the “fag” becomes a sort of “border agent” – a stereotype that both allows and restricts, but above all makes visible a heteronormative order. / <p>Uppsatsen tilldelades stipendiemedel ur Överste och Fru Adolf Johnssons fond för VT 2014.</p>

Dentro de las penas de libertad se han distinguido tradicionalmente aquéllas que privan de ella en su mayor parte de aquéllas que sólo intervienen la facultad locomotiva o ambulatoria, con frecuencia referidas científica o legislativamente a la libertad de residencia, pero de concepto en realidad mucho más amplio, por prohibir la permanencia y aun el mero acceso al territorio vedado. En España, con atención tanto a los textos legales como a los proyectos legislativos, cabe reconocer ese componente restrictivo de la libertad ambulatoria en las penas de deportación o relegación, de extrañamiento, de confinamiento y de destierro; otra figura penal, la sujeción a la vigilancia de la autoridad, ha sido inicialmente medio punitivo y después medida de seguridad; por fin, la expulsión de extranjeros, que apenas ha tenido consideración de pena, completa el cuadro de consecuencias jurídicas del delito encuadrables en esta categoría. / Within the ambit of the penalisation of liberty there have traditionally been those penalties that remove liberty almost entirely and those that only restrict freedom of movement. These latter are frequently referred to, technically or legally, as concerning right of residence, but which are in fact of far greater compass, since they prohibit the possibility of staying in, or even entry to, the proscribed territory. In Spain, in both legal texts and in proposed legislation, one may notice this component of restriction of movement in the penalties of deportation, banishments and exile. Another penal measure, that of subjection to surveillance by the authorities, was initially a punitive measure and then became a matter of security. Finally, the expulsion of foreigners, which has scarcely been regarded as a punishment, completes the stock of legal measures used against the offences brought together in this category.

This present work analyses one of the most relevant and debated themes of tributary law nowadays, the progressive tributary substitution institute applied to the tax over merchandise circulation and services of interstate and intercity transportation as well as over communication ICMS - , and analyses it with the clear objective of offering a dogmatic description of the institute, compatible with constitutional principles and able to serve as a guide to its practical application. For this it starts by fixing the theoretical tools to be used in the referred analyses, so from this describe dogmatically the respective normative bundle (after exposing a dialectic critics of other theories about the subject), specially the 7th paragraph of article 150 of the Federal Constitution (which contains two rules, the first one authoritative of the use of absolute presumptions and the second one containing a resolutive of efficacy legal condition), opposing this exegesis to the constitutional principles of legality, juridical security, isonomy, contributive capacity, workability, non-cumulating and confiscation impediment, seeking harmonizing interpretations able to preserve the maximum effectiveness of the institute without the sacrifice of the ruling efficacy of the quoted above principles, specially of those which contain fundamental rights of the tax-payer or contain guarantees of these rights. Having done this we go to the study of the main alterations provoked in the origin-rule of tributary incidence by this special collecting technique, this in relation to the normal pattern, without progressive substitution, retaining specially in the changes in relation to the passive subjective and to the calculus base, and in the final chapter present the conclusions of this study. It is worth mentioning that all work takes jurisprudence about the theme, specially from the Superior Tribunals, as an object of research (besides the ruling bundle), in an analyses really focused to practice, which aims to contribute to the construction of a pattern which is able to Express a balance point between the objective of combating illegal withholdment and the rights and guarantees of the tax-payers. / O presente trabalho analisa um dos mais relevantes e debatidos temas do direito tributário na atualidade, o instituto da substituição tributária progressiva aplicado ao imposto sobre operações relativas à circulação de mercadorias e sobre prestações de serviços de transporte interestadual e intermunicipal e de comunicação ICMS , e o faz com o claro objetivo de oferecer uma descrição dogmática do instituto, compatível com os princípios constitucionais, e capaz de servir de guia para a aplicação prática desse. Para tanto, inicia pela fixação das ferramentas teóricas a serem usadas na referida análise, para a partir daí descrever dogmaticamente o respectivo feixe normativo (após a crítica dialética de outras teorias sobre o assunto), especialmente o § 7º do art. 150 da Constituição Federal (que contém duas normas, a primeira autorizativa do uso de presunções absolutas, a segunda contendo uma condição legal resolutiva de eficácia), contrapondo-se essa exegese aos princípios constitucionais da legalidade, segurança jurídica, isonomia, capacidade contributiva, praticidade, nãocumulatividade e vedação de confisco, buscando interpretações harmonizadoras, capazes de preservar a máxima efetividade do instituto sem sacrifício da eficácia normativa dos supracitados princípios, especialmente daqueles que encerram direitos fundamentais do contribuinte ou garantias desses direitos. Feito isso, parte-se para o estudo das principais alterações provocadas na regra-matriz de incidência tributária por essa especial técnica arrecadatória, isso com relação ao modelo normal , sem substituição progressiva, detendo-se especialmente nas modificações com relação ao sujeito passivo e à base de cálculo, para no capítulo final apresentar as conclusões do estudo. Cabe salientar ainda que todo o trabalho toma a jurisprudência acerca do tema, especialmente a dos Tribunais Superiores, como objeto de pesquisa (ao lado do feixe normativo), numa análise verdadeiramente orientada para a prática, e que visa contribuir para a construção de um modelo capaz de expressar um ponto de equilíbrio entre o objetivo de combate à sonegação e os direitos e garantias dos contribuintes.