This dissertation outlines the music therapists’ perceptions of training needs for current practice in South Africa. The purpose of my research is to construct a profile of music therapy graduates from the University of Pretoria who are currently practising in South Africa and to find how they perceive the MMus (Music Therapy) training programme in terms of their currents needs in practice, as well as their suggestions in terms of the adaptation of the training programme. The study is conducted within the qualitative and quantitative research paradigm, using questionnaires as data collection method, that were sent out to music therapists that graduated from the University of Pretoria. The survey collected data on the demographics and personal details of the respondents, their professional training and practice trends and their views of the fit between the training programme and practice needs, and suggestions as to where adaptations to the training programme might need to be made, based on their practice experience. Training in business skills and marketing together with additional information on client groups, contexts and the development of clinical and practical skills were identified as perceived needs in their practices. These correlated with the suggestions made for adaptation of the training programme. / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Music / MMus (Music Therapy) / Unrestricted

Examensarbetet är utfört i samarbete med ett företag. Målen är att ta fram en användarvänlig digital modell av verkstaden, arbeta fram tre förbättringsförslag på layouter med omplaceringar av utrustning och maskiner. Förbättringar skall föreslås inom hållbarhetsaspektern aekonomi, social och miljö. För att nå målet att skapa en digital verkstadslayout har projektgruppen mätt upp hela fabriken med hjälp av laseravståndsmätare, då exakta ritningar saknades. Vid besök i fabriken kunde all nödvändig information mätas upp för skapandet av den digitala fabriksmodellen. Besöken vid fabriken har gett inspiration till nya layoutförslag och förbättringar. Observationer och intervjuer med personal har gjorts. Produktionsflöden och processer för de största produktgrupperna har kartlagts. Litteratur som berör produktionsteknik, arbetsmiljö och andra relevanta områden har studerats. Projektgruppen har utfört ljusmätning i fabriken. Belysningen var tillfredställande. Förslag på bullerdämpande åtgärder har framarbetats. Den digitala fabriksmodellen har skapats i programmet Microsoft Visio efter urval mot kravspecifikation från företaget samt KTHs programvaruutbud. De tre layoutförslag som tagits fram har värderats och ställts mot varandra i ett värderingsschema för att kunna bestämma ett slutgiltigt förslag till ny verkstadslayout. Layoutförslag 2 fick högst poäng i utvärderingen där lägre kostnader, förbättrat flöde samt förbättrad tillgång för truck var de bidragande faktorerna. Förslaget innebär kort att centerlesslipmaskinerna flyttas till den yta som renoverats, en svarv flyttas för att ge plats åt truckar, stationen för kvalitetskontroll flyttas och mer plats frigörs för lastpallar. / This thesis is done in collaboration with a company. The goals are to develop a userfriendly digital model of the workshop, to suggest three improved layout proposals with repositioning of equipment and machines. Improvements should also be proposed in the sustainability aspects of economy, social and environmental. To achieve the goal of creating a digital workshop layout, the project team measured the entire factory with the aid of laser rangefinders, because exact drawings were missing. When visiting the factory, all the necessary information could be measured for the creation of the digital factory model. The visits to the factory have provided inspiration for new layout suggestions and improvements. Observations and interviews with staff have been made. Production flows and processes for the largest product groups have been mapped. Literature relating to production technology, work environment and other relevant areas has been studied. The project group has carried out light measurement in the factory. The lighting was satisfactory. Noise reduction measures have been proposed. The digital factory model has been created in the Microsoft Visio software after evaluation based on company specification and KTH's software. The three layout proposals that have been developed have been evaluated and compared to each other in an evaluationscheme to determine a final proposal for a new workshop layout. Layout proposal 2 received the highest score in the evaluation, where lower costs, improved flow and improved access for forklifts were the contributing factors. In short the proposal suggest that the centerless grinders are moved to the area that has been renovated, a lathe is moved to accommodate forklifts, the quality control station is movedand more space is freed up for pallets.

Accuracy and efficiency are extremely critical factors for large real-time control applications. A small oversight can cause catastrophic failure of a real-time system. Thus, these applications have to be tested meticulously to prevent any catastrophe that might occur. But, testing these applications exhaustively is not tractable, mainly due to the inherent complexity of the applications and also the huge amount of inputs and outputs that these applications involve. In order to save valuable amounts of time and resources, automated testing is imperative. Also, quantitative metrics have to be provided that assess the existing quality of the system and help increase the confidence in the user towards the software. However, to improve the overall quality of the software, additional focused testing needs to be done. The work in this thesis involves providing specific test suggestions that help the user conduct thorough and precise domain tests based on the knowledge of the various parameters used in previous test runs. The information about the defective portions of the input domain is provided by dividing the input range into percentiles, which is referred to here as bucketing. The goal is to expose the exact inputs causing the defects and the range of inputs that have been lightly tested or left untested during previous tests. A Reliability Analysis Test Tool (RATT) was developed to implement these test suggestions.

Dagens webbyråer ligger i en ständig kamp för att hålla sig i utvecklingens framkant. Det digitala samhället förändras och privatpersoner som egenföretagare kan på ett enkelt sätt skapa sin egen hemsida. Därmed förväntas webbutvecklarna kunna leverera tjänster av hög kvalité som kräver stor erfarenhet och kunskap. Hur påverkas då de webbyråer som är ute efter att hålla sig i utvecklingens framkant? Många större företag väljer att arbeta utefter processledning med hjälp av modeller för att höja kvalitén i deras produktion. För en webbyrå kan det ses som svårt då inget projekt brukar vara sig likt. Studien syftar till att bidra med ökad kunskap i hur en processmodells tillämpning vid en webbyrås interna tjänsteproduktion inom ett större projekt kan bidra till förbättringar för att hinna med i den medietekniska utvecklingens framkant. Studien använder sig av kvalitativa intervjuer med medarbetare samt Dicander Alexanderssons processmodell med processkartläggning för analys och en diskussion. Resultatet visar ett samband mellan att arbeta med processmodeller inom webbyråer kan bidra med förbättringar då problem lyckades identifieras samt att en del av medarbetare redan arbetade med privata modeller. I diskussionen framgick oväntade aktiviteter som annars inte identifierats med vare sig analys eller Dicander Alexanderssons processmodell. På grund av tidsbrister, stress och korta uppföljningsmöten visar det sig vara svårt att hålla sig i utvecklingens framkant. Men genom att analysera tjänsteproduktionen en gång i månaden med en modell för att se om problem lokaliseras i de varierande projekten kan bidra till förbättringar. Det svåra med att förlita sig på en modell är på grund av den stora variationen i projekt som skedde inom företagen. En processmodell tar däremot upp de problem som medarbetarna uppfattade som viktigast på byråarna. / Today's web agencies are in a constant battle to stay in the forefront. The digital society is changing and private persons can easily create their own websites. Web developers are expected to deliver services of high quality that requires great experience and knowledge. So how do the web agencies stay at the cutting edge of technologies? Larger companies choose to work along process management using models to enhance the quality of their production. For a web agency it can be seen as difficult as no projects usually are the same. The study aims to contribute to increased knowledge of how a process model functions at a web agencie’s internal production and how it can contribute to improvements to keep up with the media forefront of technological development. The study uses qualitative interviews with employees as well as Dicander Alexandersson’s process model with process mapping for analysis and discussion. The results show a correlation between working with process models in web agencies. Areas for improvements were identified and some of the employees were already working with private models. The discussion showed unexpected problems that would be hard to localize without using analysis with Dicander Alexandersson’s process model. The results showed that due to time gaps and short follow-up meetings, it was difficult to stay at the cutting edge of technology through a simple model. But to analyze the production of services once a month with a model to see if the problems are located throughout the various projects that appear would work as beneficial. The difficulty with relying on a model for the web agencies is because of the wide variety of projects that took place within the companies. A process model, however, took up the problems that employees perceived as most important.

Denna studie undersöker hur utgående logistik inom läkemedelsindustrin kan förbättras med hjälp av diskret event simulering (DES) och prognostisering. Komplexa logistiksystem och stora variationer kännetecknar outbound-logistik inom denna bransch, vilket leder till utmaningar som kapitalbindning, kapacitetsbegränsningar och begränsad lageryta. Simuleringar användes för att identifiera flaskhalsar och utvärdera förbättringsförslag. Att kombinera DES med prognostisering möjliggjorde analys av framtida utgående volymer. En simuleringsmodell utvecklades för att representera logistiksystemet, med hänsyn till faktorer som tillgängliga resurser och ledtider. Studien visade att det nuvarande systemet inte kunde hantera den prognostiserade ökningen av efterfrågan på den europeiska marknaden utan modifieringar. Modellen verifierades och validerades med hjälp av verklig data som sedan användes för att utvärdera tre förbättringsförslag: att lägga till en extra etiketteringsmaskin, öka antalet lagringsplatser för Europapallar och förlänga slottiderna för lastbilshämtningar. Resultatet visade att det skulle vara nödvändigt att implementera alla tre förslagen för att möta den prognostiserade efterfrågan. Denna strategi kan hjälpa läkemedelsföretag att identifiera och hantera potentiella problem i sin utgående logistik, vilket säkerställer effektiva och punktliga leveranser. / This study investigates how outbound logistics can be improved in the pharmaceutical industry using discrete event simulation (DES) and forecasting. Complex logistic systems and high variation characterize outbound logistics in this industry, leading to challenges like capital tie-ups, capacity constraints, and limited warehouse space. Simulations were used to identify bottlenecks and evaluate improvement proposals. Combining DES with forecasting allowed for the analysis of future outbound volumes. A simulation model was developed to represent the outbound logistics system, considering factors like available resources and lead times. The study found that the current outbound logistics system cannot handle the forecasted increase in demand for the European market without modification. The model was verified and validated using real-world data to evaluate three improvement proposals: adding an additional labeling machine, increasing the number of storage bays for Europe-bound pallets, and adding slot times for truck pickups. The results showed that implementing all three proposals would be necessary to meet the projected demand. This approach can help pharmaceutical companies identify and address potential issues in their outbound logistics, ensuring efficient and timely deliveries.

This thesis deals with intelligent systems for support of the semantic annotation of text. It discusses the motivation for creation of such systems and state of the art in the areas of their usage. The thesis also describes newly proposed and realised annotation system which realizes advanced functions of semantic filtering and presentation of annotation suggestion alternatives in a unique way. The results of finished experiments clearly show the advantages of proposed solution. They also prove that the user interface of the annotation tools affects the annotation process. The optimisation of displayed information for the task of disambiguation of ambiguous entity names was done and proposed methods to speedup and increase of quality of the created annotations was experimentally evaluated. The comparison with the Protégé general tool has proven the benefits of created system for collaborative ontology creation which should be anchored in the text. In the conclusion, all achieved results are analysed and summarized.

A partir de um apanhado bibliográfico sobre os modelos possíveis de educação bilíngue, bilinguismo, língua, linguagem, aquisição de linguagem, identidade, cultura e identidade cultural na pós-modernidade, a pesquisa aqui apresentada investiga e discute evidências da identidade cultural de crianças que estudam em escolas bilíngues, evidências essas encontradas em suas composições musicais. Recebe de Bloomfield (1933) e Thiery (1978) uma visão do bilinguismo que leva em consideração o sujeito inserido em uma sociedade e detentor de cultura. Apresenta os modelos de educação bilíngue com o aporte de Fishman e Lovas (1970) e Hamers e Blanc (2000) e faz uso de um estudo realizado com escolas bilíngues por meio de questionário, para constatar que o modelo de imersão é o mais comum na educação infantil enquanto o ensino fundamental tem o modelo de enriquecimento com grande presença. Busca-se aqui conceituar língua e linguagem para entender como música pode ser considerada uma linguagem, e apontar que, pelo uso de símbolos e potencial de comunicação, e por ser conhecida por todos os indivíduos, a música é sim uma linguagem, passível de interpretação subjetiva. A identidade é ponto fundamental na pesquisa, na especificidade de cada sujeito, sua formação e entendimento de cultura (Hall, 1997, 2000, 2006) identificáveis nas composições musicais. A metodologia adotada é de cunho etnográfico, em que as composições coletadas durante as aulas de música dadas pela pesquisadora são tratadas como evidências que auxiliam em responder qual papel as aulas de música podem ter na formação de identidade cultural e aprendizagem de linguagem. O presente estudo também visa compartilhar algumas sugestões de atividades de música, tanto em português como em inglês, oferecendo conteúdos de linguagem musical, apreciação, escuta, composição e improvisação, e diminuir o espaço entre prática e pesquisa, que há na educação musical, especificamente no contexto bilíngue. / Through a literature review on bilingual education models, bilingualism, language and its acquisition, identity, culture and cultural identity in postmodern societies, this research investigates and discusses the cultural identity evidences on musical compositions from students in a bilingual school. Takes from Bloomfield (1993) and Thiery (1978) a bilingualism vision that considers the subject inserted in a society and culture owner. Elaborates on bilingual education models with inputs from Fishman and Lovas (1970) and Hamers and Blanc (2000) and draws upon a questionnaire research with bilingual schools to state that immersion is the most common model in pre-K schools while additive models in elementary schools are the main actor. Aims to conceptualize language to understand how music can be considered a language and points out that due to its use of symbols and communication potential, and for being known by all individuals, music is indeed a language, subjected to interpretation. Identity is one main support for the research, either on the specificity of each subject, his formation and cultural understanding (Hall, 1997, 2000, 2006) seen on musical compositions. Embraces an ethnographic methodology where the compositions recorded during musical classes given by the researcher are evidences that help to answer the role that music classes might have in the cultural identity formation and language learning. Shares some suggestions of musical activities both in Portuguese and English with musical language, appreciation, listening, composing and improvising contents. It also aims to close the gap between practices and research today in music education, specifically in a bilingual context.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de comparer l’efficacité des primes à la suggestion, des primes à la performance, et de la cession de parts aux salariés pour stimuler leur implication dans les dispositifs de suggestion (cercles de qualité, réunions d’atelier, boîtes à idées, etc.). Dans un premier chapitre,sont présentés, une approche historique, un état des lieux et une revue de littérature. Le chapitre suivant pose les jalons d’une théorie, dans un cadre simplifié ne comprenant qu’un employeur et un employé. Il développe un modèle théorique original de la cession de parts, orienté vers les augmentations de capital dédiées aux salariés. Il est montré que, tant que l’employeur n’est pas limité dans le nombre de parts qu’il peut proposer, ce mécanisme est le plus efficace. Le troisième chapitre consolide les résultats du précédent dans un cadre à plusieurs employés. Enfin, le quatrième chapitre présente une étude économétrique à partir de l’enquête REPONSE. La spécification et les variables sont retenues dans le souci d’être au plus proche des modèles théoriques. Les résultats confortent fortement ceux des modèles théoriques élaborés dans les chapitres précédents. / This dissertation aims at comparing the efficiency of suggestion pay, performance pay and shares selling, so as to involve employees into suggestions schemes (e.g. quality circles, workshop meetings, suggestion box). In the first chapter, the historical background, the current situation and the state of literature are being investigated. In the following chapter, a simple framework is considered with only one employer and one employee. A formal model of shared ownership that fits with the French scheme of ’capital increase dedicated to the employees’ is sketched. It is shownthat, as long as the employer is not limited in the number of shares he can offer, the scheme performs better than suggestion pay and performance pay. Next chapter builds upon the previous model and extends the results to a broader framework with multiple employees. The fourth chapter presents an empirical study based on the REPONSE survey. The econometric specification and the variables are chosen to fit the theoretical models. The results strongly support the theory.

Processkartläggning, som plattform för processbaserad verksamhetsutveckling, kan användas i hälso- och sjukvård för att kunna förstå en process och ge förutsättningar för förbättringar av den. Utgångspunkten var att det i litteraturen saknades en kartläggning av en vårdprocess som inkluderar sjukskrivningar, och sjukskrivningar ökar. Syftet var att förstå förutsättningarna för processbaserad verksamhetsutveckling gällande hälso- och sjukvårdens aktiviteter i primärvård för de patienter som söker vård vid förstämningssyndrom eller ångest/stress. Datainsamling gjordes i form av intervju samt processkartläggning av aktiviteter mellan sjukskrivning 1 och 2. Resultatet visade att berättelser med utgångspunkt i bra och dåliga erfarenheter av vårdprocessen kunde kopplas till framgångsfaktorer vad gäller förbättrad hälsa och återgång till arbete. De intervjuades roller, erfarenheter och syn på patientens behov gav upphov till olika förbättringsförslag gällande processen. Processkartläggningen visade på behov av en gemensam bild. Förslag till framtida processkartläggning gavs med utgångspunkt i resultatet. / Process mapping, as a prerequisite for process based organizational development, can be used in health care in order to understand the process and to provide possibilities of improving it. In the literature there was no mapping of the care process that includes sick leave, and sick leave increases. The purpose of the study was to understand the prerequisites for organizational development based on process mapping concerning primary health care activities for psychiatric diagnoses. Data collection was done by interviewing health professionals and by process mapping activities in the first period of sickness absence. The results showed that the stories based on good and bad experiences of the care process could be linked to success factors in terms of improved health and return to work. The informants different roles, experiences and perspective on the patient's needs gave rise to various suggestions for improvement of the process. Process mapping showed the need for a joint picture. Proposals based on the results, for future process mapping were given.

O peixe-boi marinho, Trichechus manatus manatus, à um mamÃfero com dieta herbÃvora, e distribuiÃÃo costeira em rios, estuÃrios e Ãguas litorÃneas da Zona Tropical brasileira. No Estado do Cearà ocorre em duas Ãreas distintas, no extremo dos seus setores leste e oeste. No litoral leste nÃo existe nenhuma Unidade de ConservaÃÃo com abrangÃncia marinha que restrinja os impactos causados ao meio ambiente e à populaÃÃo do peixe-boi, tais como urbanizaÃÃo, turismo e ocupaÃÃo de praias, dunas, falÃsias e manguezais. Sendo considerado pela UniÃo Internacional para ConservaÃÃo da Natureza como âespÃcie vulnerÃvelâ e estando inserido na Lista Oficial de EspÃcies da Fauna Brasileira AmeaÃadas de ExtinÃÃo de acordo com o IBAMA, corre risco de extinÃÃo extremamente alto num futuro prÃximo. Os objetivos desta DissertaÃÃo foram determinar a distribuiÃÃo espacial e padrÃes de uso da Ãrea, escolha da metodologia mais adequada ao monitoramento da populaÃÃo, e realizar levantamento das Ãreas de alimentaÃÃo e fontes e Ãgua doce provavelmente utilizadas pelos animais. A base de dados foi obtida atravÃs de prospecÃÃes aÃrea, realizada de junho/2003 a outubro/2004, totalizando 11 sobrevÃs e 24 horas de esforÃo de monitoramento, e nÃutica, realizada de agosto/2003 a novembro/2004, num total de 10 embarques e 157 horas de esforÃo de monitoramento. Dentre os mÃtodos de prospecÃÃo aÃrea e nÃutica, o primeiro gera erros devido à turbidez da Ãgua, e dificuldades de identificaÃÃo e contagem dos indivÃduos, enquanto o segundo, por sua maior proximidade em relaÃÃo aos animais, mostrou-se mais eficiente. O status da populaÃÃo do peixe-boi marinho foi avaliado atravÃs dos seguintes parÃmetros: (a) conservaÃÃo do habitat, com Ãnfase para a manutenÃÃo do territÃrio; (b) acesso a fontes de Ãgua doce e a Ãreas preferenciais de alimentaÃÃo e reproduÃÃo; (c) geraÃÃo de condiÃÃes ambientais Ãtimas para os cuidados parentais. Os fatores de ameaÃa de extinÃÃo nessa Ãrea estariam relacionados com reduÃÃo das fontes de alimento e Ãgua doce, assoreamento do Rio Jaguaribe, alÃm de captura acidental por aparelhos de pesca. Estes se traduzem nas seguintes conseqÃÃncias: reduÃÃo do habitat; aumento da frequÃncia de encalhes de recÃm-nascidos; aumento da mortalidade de adultos. A regiÃo de Picos, com destaque para o Banco dos Cajuais, foi definida como Zona de Alta Densidade, com padrÃo de distribuiÃÃo âaltamente agregadaâ por causa da abundÃncia de macroalgas e do menor fluxo de barcos motorizados. Dentre as recomendaÃÃes para se minimizar os riscos de extinÃÃo do peixe-boi, destacam-se: (a) desenvolvimento de campanhas educacionais que ressaltem aspectos importantes da conservaÃÃo do ambiente marinho; (b) reintroduÃÃo de espÃcimes em locais onde o declÃnio populacional à evidente; (c) criaÃÃo de unidades de conservaÃÃo com abrangÃncia marinha e aplicaÃÃo e fiscalizaÃÃo da legislaÃÃo pertinente ao habitat do peixe-boi e (d) monitoramento sistemÃtico da populaÃÃo no litoral leste para determinaÃÃo dos padrÃes ambientais que influenciam na ocorrÃncia do peixe-boi no municÃpio de IcapuÃ, litoral leste do CearÃ. / The Antillean manatee, Trichechus manatus manatus, is a mammal with an herbivorous diet and costal distribution in rivers, estuaries and inshore waters of the Brazilian Tropical Zone. In Cearà State, the species may found in the outermost ends of its western and eastern sectors. In the eastern sector there are no Marine Conservation Units to ward off impacts to the environment and the manatee population, such as urban development, tourism and occupation of beaches and mangrove forests. Manatees have been classified by the International Union for Nature Conservation as a âvulnerable speciesâ and included on the Official List of Endangered Species of the Brazilian Fauna. According to the Brazilian Institute for the Environment, it runs an extremely high risk of extinction in the near future. The objectives of this Thesis have been to determine the spatial distribution and patterns of usage of the living area, choice of the most appropriate methodology for population monitoring and mapping of feeding grounds and freshwater sources likely to used by the animals. The database was obtained by means of aerial surveys from June, 2003 to October, 2004, making up a 24-hour monitoring effort during 11 overhead flights, as well as nautical surveys performed from August, 2003 to November, 2004, making up a 157-hour monitoring effort during 10 voyages. Of the two prospecting techniques, the aerial one was less practical because of water turbidity, which made it difficult to identify and count manatee specimens, whereas the nautical one, because of its nearness to the targets, proved to the most efficient. The status of the Antillean manatee population was evaluated through the following parameters: (a) habitat conservation, with emphasis on territory maintenance; (b) access to freshwater sources and areas suitable for feeding and reproduction; (c) yielding of optimum environmental conditions for parental care. The threatened extinction in the studied area is related to factors such as decreasing of food and freshwater sources, silting-up of the Jaguaribe River, by-catch by trawl and gillnet fishing. The worrying outcome of such a scenario is likely to result in a reduction of the habitat size; increase in the straying of newborns plus an increase in adult mortality rates. The Picos region, specially the Cajuais sandbank, was defined as a High Density Zone, which displays a highly aggregate distribution because of seaweed abundance and smaller deployment of fishing boats. Among the suggestions for lowering the extinction risks of the Antillean manatee in Eastern Cearà State, the following ones stand out; (a) development of education campaigns which deal with the main aspects of environment preservation; (b) reintroduction of specimens in zones where population decline is evident; (c) installation of Marine Conservation Units and enforcement of the pertinent management measures and (d) constant monitoring of the population in the known habitat to determine environmental patterns which influence manatees in Icapuà county, eastern Cearà State.