In this essay the author has studied teachers work with order and measure in the classroom. The empirical survey method has been collected through interviews of focus groups from three different schools located in three different municipalities consisting nine participating teachers in total. The aim with the study is to understand the complexity of creating order in the classrooms by the existing means of control and finding an answer to teachers reasoning around the two articles “We need to inform how the situation are in school when it is at its worst” and “Stop defaming school”. The analysis is structured by my questions at issue which are; How does the teachers' work with the means of control which exists in the curriculum to maintain the order in the classroom; how does the teachers concure to the concept of order in relation to the media and the political statements that exists regarding the order issues at school; are there any alternative measures and methods to maintain the order in the classroom. The result shows a unanimous view about what order is among the teachers. Order is a necessity for the pupils to have a good studying climate. The result shows the teachers accepts a classroom environment which is loud and a bit messy as long as the pupils knows what to do and does what they are supposed to do. The result further shows the teacher's leadership ability is decisive for maintaining order. The teacher should be an authority. She has to be consistent, be able to communicate, respect the pupils and be well prepared for the lessons. The result further shows reprimanding when someone disturbs the order or breaks the rules doesn't help. Teachers often uses threats like calling the parents or threaten to keep the pupil at school when the others goes on field trips, to get the situation under control.

Darbe analizuojamas Lietuvos emigrantų šeimų vaidmuo vaikų ugdymo ypatumams. Kaip tėvų (vieno iš tėvų) emigravimas veikia augančią ir bręstančią asmenybę, ar trikdo jos sėkmingą socializaciją ir ugdymą, kokių tolesnių pasekmių ši situacija gali turėti vaikui. Taip pat siekiama atskleisti vaikų ugdymo ypatumus Lietuvos emigrantų šeimose. Darbo objektas: Vaikų, ugdymo ypatumai Lietuvos emigrantų šeimose. Darbo tikslas – atskleisti vaikų ugdymo ypatumus Lietuvos emigrantų šeimose. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Apibūdinti šeimos, kaip vaikų ugdymo institucijos, sampratą, reikšmę, tikslus bei uždavinius; 2. Atskleisti emigracijos sampratą, jos priežastis ir problemas, teigiamus ir neigiamus veiksnius; 3. Išryškinti pagrindinių ES ir LR teisės aktų, reglamentuojančių asmenų migravimą, nuostatas; 4. Nustatyti vaikų ugdymo ypatumus Lietuvos emigrantų šeimose. Darbe naudoti šie metodai: • Literatūros analizė; • Dokumentų turinio analizė; • Anketinė apklausa. Tyrimo klausimas – Kokie yra vaikų ugdymo ypatumai Lietuvos emigrantų šeimose? Išanalizavus tyrimo rezultatus galima teigti, jog tėvų ar vieno iš jų emigracija turi įtakos ne tik vaiko asmenybės raidai, bet ir ugdymo ypatumams, per patį emigracijos procesą vaikai išgyvena panašias emocijas kaip tėvų skyrybų atveju: pyktį, nerimą, liūdesį, vienatvę. Tėvų emigracija paveikia vaikų mokymosi rezultatus, bendravimą su bendraamžiais, tarpusavio santykius. Nepaisant to, kad dauguma tėvų stengiasi nuolat palaikyti ryšį su vaiku, domisi jo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The paper analyses the peculiarities of the role of Lithuanian emigrant families in children upbringing. The work investigates how the emigration of both parents (or one of them) influences growing and maturing personality; whether it has any negative impact on successful socialization and upbringing; what further consequences this situation may have for a child. The paper also tries to reveal the peculiarities of children upbringing in Lithuanian emigrant families. The object of the paper is the peculiarities of children upbringing in Lithuanian emigrant families. The aim of the paper is to reveal the peculiarities of children upbringing in Lithuanian emigrant families. The tasks of the paper are: 1. To describe the conception of a family as an institution of children upbringing, to show its significance, aims and tasks; 2. To reveal the conception of emigration, its reasons and problems, as well as positive and negative aspects of this phenomenon; 3. To emphasize the regulation of the main acts of European Union and the Republic of Lithuania which regulate the migration; 4. To ascertain the peculiarities of children upbringing in Lithuanian emigrant families. In the paper the following methods have been used: • Literature analysis; • Document content analysis; • Questionnaire. The question of the paper is formed as follows: What are the peculiarities of children upbringing in Lithuanian emigrant families? After the analysis has been carried out, it can be stated that... [to full text]

Dangerous things can happen in the name of good intentions and we, as teachers or parents, are unaware of the ways we hurt children. In the book Emile or on Education we see a fictional example of a pedagogical relationship between a teacher and a student, where the teacher -Jean Jacques- is eager to teach and raise his pupil, Emile, in certain ways, so as to make him independent and happy. Jean Jacques’ intentions are unquestionably good. His goal is to protect Emile and prevent his alienation by society, through the appropriate negative education. In trying to prevent Emile’s alienation, though, he creates another type of alienation, unknowingly and unintentionally. The aim of my thesis is to analyze the system of negative education and its negative consequences, focusing on the notion of alienation. Jean Jacques, while striving to prevent alienation, through negative education, created a new type of alienation, that is even more dangerous than the one he avoided. Thus, my thesis aims to raise awareness regarding the following: a) even when pedagogical processes are based on good intentions, they can still lead to negative consequences, b) upbringing and education are both a broadening and a narrowing process.

This thesis deals with the generational shift in women's attitudes towards the upbringing of their own children in the early 21st century. The aim of this thesis is to determine how today's generation of mothers reflects the upbringing of their parents, reflection of their own experience with upbringing and whether that leads to some inter- generational shift or change within the approach itself. Possible causes and influences of shifts and changes are discussed. To achieve this goal a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with women - mothers was conducted. The research shows that in fact shifts in these approaches actually occur and that the main criterion is a reflection of one's own childhood in particular, reflection of one's parents and reflection of the current relationship with one's parents.

Jag vill undersöka och beskriva tvärkulturell fostran. Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera hur barn formas av att växa upp med två kulturer, det vill säga där barnets/barnens föräldrar kommer från två olika kulturer och den ena kulturen inte är representerad under barnets/barnens uppväxt. Frågeställningarna utifrån detta är; Vad förmedlar föräldern till barnet/barnen av denna kultur? Vilka förhoppningar har föräldern kring innebörd och konsekvenser av den tvärkulturella fostran och uppväxten? Litteraturstudien visar att i en tvärkulturell fostran får man först se vad kulturen bär med sig,vilka kulturtraditioner och förhållningssätt som finns i de respektive kulturerna. Har de exempelvis en grund i grupp- eller individorientering där olika synsätt förespråkas och premieras, och där dessa tar sig olika uttryck i fostran och under uppväxten? Begrepp som innefattar en tvärkulturell fostran är identitet, socialisering, etnicitet och nationalism. Flera studier visar även på språkets betydelse för socialisering och kulturell identitet. Vem man är och vem man blir påverkas av språket och även speglas däri. Resultaten från studiens intervjuundersökning och autoetnografi pekar bland annat på betydelsen av kontakter med familj och släkt genom audiovisuella hjälpmedel via internet, att hålla en positiv bild av den andra föräldern, samt att visualisera kulturen genom fotografier och föremål. / My aim of this study is to investigate and describe cross-cultural upbringing. The purpose of the essay is to study how children are formed by growing up with two cultures, ie where the child's/children's parents come from two different cultures and one culture is not represented during the child's/children's upbringing. The issues from this are; What does the parent convey to the child/children of this culture? What hopes does the parent have regarding the meaning and consequences of the cross-cultural upbringing? The literature study shows that in a cross-cultural upbringing one must first see what the culture carries with it, which cultural traditions and attitudes that exist in the respective cultures. Do they, for example, have a foundation in group or individual orientation where different views are advocated and rewarded, and where these take different forms in parents’ views and during the children’s upbringing? Concepts that involve cross-cultural upbringing are identity, socialization, ethnicity and nationalism. Several studies also show the importance of language for socialization and cultural identity. Who you are and who you become are affected by language and also reflected in the language. The results of the study's interview survey and auto-ethnography point to, among other things, the importance of contacts with family and relatives through audiovisual aids via the internet, to keep a positive image of the other parent, and to visualize the culture through photographs and objects.

Teisinis švietimas, kuris skatintų pozityvią tėvystę, pirmiausia turėtų būti neatsiejamas nuo vaiko teisių apsaugos. Šiuo metu didžioji dalis visuomenės pateisina smurto panaudojimą kaip auklėjimo priemonę, pagrindinė to priežastis - žinių trūkumas ir bausmės už smurtavimą išvengiamumas (Žmogaus teisių stebėjimo institutas, 2009). Todėl vis labiau plėtojama vaiko teisių kontrolė, apsauga, skatinama atsižvelgti į vaiko teises, jas žinoti ir nepažeidinėti. Požiūris į vaiką yra esminis, veiksnys tiesiogiai susijęs su suaugusiųjų elgesiu su vaiku, jo poreikių patenkinimu, nes tik suaugusiųjų dėka yra įgyvendinamos vaiko teisės (Kairienė, 2007). Tačiau tam reikia žinoti svarbiausius teisinius šaltinius, apsaugančius vaiką: Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucija, Lietuvos Respublikos vaiko teisių apsaugos pagrindų įstatymas, Vaiko teisių konvencija. Todėl teisinis švietimas, ypač vaiko teisių klausimais, gali būti traktuojama kaip pozityvios tėvystės prielaida. Jei tėvai būtų labiau informuoti apie teisinius dalykus, pozityvi tėvystė būtų daug sparčiau plėtojama ir įgyvendinama, nes tai užkirstų kelią smurtui prieš vaikus ir nepriežiūrai, taip pat nekiltų tiek daug klausimų, nesusipratimų susidūrus su teisiniais niuansais. Išsamiau tyrinėjant tema išryškėja tokie pagrindiniai probleminiai klausimai: Kodėl teisinis švietimas reikšmingas pozityviai tėvystei? Kaip skatinti tėvus domėtis, žinoti ir užtikrinti savo vaiko teises, pareigas šeimoje, mokykloje ir kitoje socialinėje aplinkoje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Legal education, which should promote positive parenthood, ought not to be isolated from the protection of the rights of the child. At present the majority of the society justifies corporal punishment as a means of upbringing. The cause of this phenomenon is both the lack of understanding and the fact that parents are rarely punished for using corporal punishment. (The Institute of Supervision of Human Rights, 2009). Therefore, the rights of the child control, protection is being expanded, the society is encouraged to pay attention to the child’s rights, to be aware of them and not to violate them. The approach to the child is an essential factor which is directly linked with the way adults treat the child, the fulfillment of their needs, since the child’s needs are fulfilled only with the help of adults (Kairiene, 2007). In order to understand the fact one must know the most important legal documents defending the rights of the child: The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, the Law of the Protection of the Child’s rights of the Republic of Lithuania, Convention on the Rights of the Child. That is why juristic education, on the rights of the child in particular, should be treated as the assumption for positive parenthood. If parents were better informed about legal topics, positive parenthood would be implemented much faster since that would prevent child abuse and neglect as well as misunderstandings related to legal matter. If we have a closer look at the subject... [to full text]

Föreliggande studie fokuserar på lärares uppdrag i det svenska utbildningsväsendet. Ofta beskrivs detta uppdrag som dubbelt; det innehåller både uppdraget att förmedla och förankra kunskaper och att förmedla och förankra värden. Studiens kunskapsobjekt är lärares förhållningssätt till fostransdelen av lärares uppdrag. Genom en diskursanalys av 118 lärarstudenters reflektioner kring sitt uppdrag undersöks deras förhållningssätt till lärarprofessionen med särskilt avseende på fostransuppdraget. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt utgår från att betrakta frågor kring lärares förhållningssätt till fostransuppdraget som en didaktisk fråga, varför studien vilar på teorier inom didaktikens forskningsfält. Resultatet visar att lärarstudenternas förhållningssätt uttrycks genom tre olika diskurser: den tudelade konkurrerande diskursen, den tudelade samverkande diskursen och slutligen den sammanhållna integrerande diskursen.

Charles Dickens’s David Copperfield abounds with fatherless and motherless children, whose development into adolescence and adulthood is strongly affected by the parenting skills of the remaining parent. This essay studies different parenting and educational practices in the novel to see their impact on the behaviour and personality of the children. In Victorian England, two opposing views of childhood flourished: the Puritan one believing in childhood depravity, and the Romantic view based on childhood innocence. In addition, there were gender differences in upbringing stemming from the middle-class cult of domesticity as well as differences based on class distinctions. While Dickens seems to accept moral firmness, the Victorian ideal of manhood and womanhood, as the main goal of upbringing, he appears to disagree with Victorian child management practices. This essay shows the deficiencies and negative outcomes of the parenting styles based on the two opposing moral views, depicted in Mr. Murdstone’s Puritan discipline and Mrs. Steerforth’s parenting, which reflects the Romantic view of the child.  On the basis of the negative consequences of these two extremes, Dickens stresses the importance of a sound view of the child exemplified by Aunt Betsey’s loving discipline accompanied by guidance and responsibility, as well as by the educational practices in Doctor Strong’s school. Furthermore, this Victorian Bildungsroman emphasises the importance of a confidential loving relationship between the guardian and the child as well as proper education and social conditioning.

Visuomenėje jaunimo agresyvumas didėja. Nors mokslinėje literatūroje plačiai išnagrinėta paauglių agresyvaus elgesio problema, tačiau beveik nėra tyrimų apie paauglių, turinčių specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių, agresijos apraiškas specialiojoje mokykloje. Įvairūs pasaulio mokslininkai paauglių agresyvaus elgesio priežastis sieja su biologinėmis, socialinėmis, asmenybės ir psichologinėmis priežastimis Šio tyrimo tikslas ir buvo – išsiaiškinti galimas paauglių agresijos specialiojoje mokykloje formas ir priežastis. Kelti uždaviniai – 1. Išanalizuoti agresijos aiškinimo teorijas. 2. Išsiaiškinti paauglių agresyvaus elgesio sąsajas su psichologinės raidos ypatumais 3. Apibūdinti paauglių, turinčių specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių, negalės ir agresyvaus elgesio ryšį. 4. Nustatyti paauglių agresijos apraiškų kilmę ir veiksnius,įtakojančius jų agresyvų elgesį specialiojoje mokykloje. Tyrimas atliktas 3 specialiosiose mokyklose. Naudoti tyrimo metodai –anoniminės anketos ir pusiau struktūruotas interviu. 50 pedagogų ir kitų specialistų apibūdino 110 specialiųjų mokyklų paauglių. Trys specialieji pedagogai interviu metodu patikslino gautą anketomis informaciją. Nustatyta, kad specialiosiose mokyklose pasitaiko agresijos apraiškų, tačiau jos nėra dažnos. Dažniausiai reiškiasi verbalinė agresija ( keiksmai, pravardžiavimai, erzinimas), mažiausiai fizinė. Negalė nedaro didelės įtakos paauglių agresyvumo apraiškoms specialiojoje mokykloje. Agresyvų elgesį gali įtakoti paauglystės raidos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aggressiveness of youngsters has been growing in the society. Scientific literature has deeply and widely analyzed the problem of teenagers‘ aggression. However, there are almost no studies on aggression signs in special schools of teenagers having special upbringing needs. Various global scientists relate reasons for teenagers‘ aggression with biological, sociological, personal and psychological problems. The purpose of this study is to explore potential teenagers‘ aggression forms and causes in special schools. The goals are the following: 1. To analyze the theory of aggressiveness. 2. To explore the connections between teenagers’ aggressiveness and psychological development issues. 3. To define the connections between disabilities and aggressiveness of teenagers with special upbringing needs. 4. To determine th origins of aggression manifestations and factors influencing pupils‘ behavior in special schools. The study was carried out in 3 special schools. The methods used for the study – anonymous questionnaires and in-depth interviews. 50 teachers and other specialists described 110 teenagers from special schools. Three teachers helped to revise the information from questionnaires through in-depth interview. It was found that there are aggression sings in special schools, but they are not frequent. The most frequent is verbal aggression (swear-words, passages, raillery), less frequent is physical aggression. Disability has no influence on signs of aggression in special... [to full text]

Titled ''Apprehension of Ethics in the practice of Czech teachers'', my Master's Thesis opens with elaborating on the term ''competention'' as the objective of education in the 21st century. Putting the ethic education in the European context, I then investigate the practical teaching cases in particular countries. The existing concepts of T. Lickona, M. Berkowitz and R.R. Olivar are described in the third chapter. After that the ethic education in the Czech Republic comes in to the focus; with a special attention being given to its institutional framework. The chapter number four analyses a teacher of the ethic education; it explores further options for ethic education in offer; and the selection of various teaching materials that differ among each other in their ethical and philosophical approaches and learnings. Using the phenomenological method, the last part of the Thesis presents a qualitative research on the various approaches taken by the teachers of ethic education. It particularly focuses on how the teacher's personal value system is projected in the education process and thus affects opinions and values of her students.