The Swedish Police Authority aims to increase diversity among employees within the authority. This is asserted in the Swedish Police Authority's own policies and action plans, which together with other internal documents are the subject of my qualitative study. The focus of this study is to look at how the use of the concept of diversity has changed within the Swedish Police Authority by using qualitative analysis of ideas and ideological context, the perspective of discursive psychology and neo-institutional theory. The aim is also to find out what is missing out in the current diversity discourse. My study reveals through an examination of a selection of The Swedish Police Authority’s document that there is a discrepancy between the external discourses on diversity and the internal norms that are to be found within the Swedish Police Authority.

The purpose of this study is to increase understanding of factors that influence girls with a foreign background to be active in football and how football clubs work to increase and maintain girls with a foreign background in sports. The study has a qualitative approach where five girls with foreign background and four football clubs representatives have been interviewed. The results show specific interpersonal factors that appears to be important for the girls continue playing football. For example, the importance of support from family, friends and coaches. The results also show how the football clubs today work, what efforts are being implemented today and what needs and wishes they have for future work to make girls to want to stay and play football. The conclusion is that two central factors, emotional and relational, are important for the girls. Different forms of relationships create positive feelings. Being appreciated, seen and treated in a satisfactory way is more important than winning and how to perform on the pitch. The football clubs representatives agrees that the first meeting the clubs have together with a family with a foreign background is vital for whether they should be interested in what they have to offer or not. Finally, in our study we give suggestions on what clubs should be able to work more with, such as an information letter in several languages to new members, elaborated clothing policy and a suggestion for an educational effort.

Introduktion: Föräldrar spelar en viktig roll när det handlar om utvecklingen av barns fysiska och psykiska hälsa, deras sociala kompetens, hur de klarar sin skolgång och vilka levnadsvanor de själva får i vuxenlivet. För att stötta föräldrar i att bli trygga i sitt föräldraskap så erbjuds föräldrastöd. Studier visar att asylsökande och nyanlända föräldrar i Sverige deltar i mycket lägre grad än vad svenskfödda föräldrar gör. Många rapporterar psykisk ohälsa och upplever svårigheter i sitt föräldraskap efter ankomsten till Sverige. Det finns en ideell förening som lyckats inkludera denna målgrupp och det är därför av intresse att undersöka hur de upplever det arbetet.  Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka kursledares erfarenheter av att arbeta med föräldrastöd till nyanlända och asylsökande föräldrar. Metod: I studien genomfördes individuella intervjuer med sex ledare från en ideell förening i Västra Mellansverige. Resultat: Resultatet visar att föreningen har anpassat verksamheten på en kulturell nivå för att kunna inkludera denna målgrupp. Många av ledarna har exempelvis liknande bakgrund som föräldrarna och kurserna erbjuds på föräldrarnas modersmål. Ledarna har vidare kunnat identifiera vissa behov och utmaningar som nyanlända och asylsökande uttryckt. Det handlar framför allt om hur det upplevs att komma till Sverige som förälder och hur man kan hantera föräldrarollen i det nya landet. Bland annat uttrycks ett behov att få veta mer om normer kring föräldraskap och barnuppfostran i Sverige eftersom det skiljer sig från hur det sett ut i deras hemländer. Slutsats: Föräldrastöd kan vara betydelsefullt för målgruppen nyanlända och asylsökande föräldrar. Genom att de får prata sitt eget modersmål kan de uttrycka sig på ett annorlunda sätt än vad de hade kunnat göra i en svensk kurs. Det är en trygghet för föräldrarna att möta en ledare som har förståelse för deras kulturella bakgrund och det gör det möjligt att diskutera känsliga frågor som exempelvis barnuppfostran och antiagalagen. Ledarna upplever att många föräldrar blivit tryggare i sitt föräldraskap och tänker att föräldrarna kan vara en enorm resurs för det framtida svenska samhället om de bara får rätt förutsättningar. / Introduction: Parents play an important role when it comes to the development of children's physical and mental health, their social skills, how they manage school and what living conditions they get as adults. To support parents in their parenting, parental support is offered. Studies show that asylum seeking and newly arrived parents in Sweden participate to a much lesser extent than Swedish-born parents do. Many people report mental illness and experience difficulties in their parenting after arriving in Sweden. There is a non-profit association that has managed to include this target group and it is therefore of interest to investigate how they experience this work. Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate the course leader's experience of working with parental support for newly arrived and asylum seeking parents. Method: Six individual interviews were conducted with leaders from a non-profit association located in the middle west of Sweden. Result: The result shows that the association has adapted the support on a cultural level to be able to include this target group. For example, many of the leaders have similar backgrounds to the parents and the courses are offered in the parents' native language. The leaders have also been able to identify certain needs and challenges expressed by newly arrived and asylum seekers. It is primarily about how it feels to come to Sweden as a parent and how to handle the parent role in a new country. More information is required about norms regarding parenting in Sweden as it differs from their home countries. Conclusion: Parental support can be important for newly arrived and asylum seeking parents in Sweden. By being able to speak their native language, they can express themselves in a different way than they could in a Swedish course. It feels safe for parents to meet a leader who understands their cultural background. It makes it possible to discuss sensitive issues such as parenting and the law of corporal punishment. The leaders mean that many parents have become more secure in their parenting and think that parents can be a huge resource for the future Swedish society if they only get the right conditions.

The Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority introduced new guidelines and regulations on March 1, 2019. These regulations induced Swedish banks and other creditors to consider future events as a mean to improve their ability to determine the risk of debtors. A forecast generator was created as a tool to accomplish this. The constraints of this thesis limited the forecast generator to mortgages with four parameters: loss of income, pension, foreign currency and depreciation. The forecast generator was created by combining components of Vitec Capitex's existing mortgage calculator as well as by adding new components. The new components were utilized in advancing loans and budgets in time, as well as calculating a suitable income insurance in the case of a loss of income. Furthermore, the forecast generator could approximate the pension a debtor would receive when retired. The forecast generator could calculate the economic situation of debtors after a future event took place such as a loss of income or an early or late retirement. A suitable income insurance would prevent a debtor from insolvency in the case of an income loss. / Finansinspektionen införde nya riktlinjer och föreskrifter den 1 mars 2019. Dessa föreskrifter anvisade banker och andra borgenärer att ha ett framåtblickande perspektiv för att förbättra deras förmåga att bedöma gäldenärers risk. En beräkningsmotor skapades som ett verktyg för att genomföra detta. Avgränsningarna för denna avhandling begränsar beräkningsmotorn till konsumenter som köper bostadskrediter med fyra parametrar: inkomstbortfall, pension, utländsk valuta och värdeminskning. Beräkningsmotorn skapades genom att kombinera komponenter från Vitec Capitex's existerande beräkningsmotor samt genom att lägga till nya komponenter. De nya komponenterna användes för att beräkna lån och budget för gäldenärer över tid, samt beräkna en passande inkomstförsäkring utifrån ett inkomstbortfall. Vidare kunde beräkningsmotorn approximera en pensionsinkomst efter gäldenären gått i pension. Beräkningsmotorn kunde även beräkna den ekonomiska situationen för gäldenärer efter en framtida händelse inträffat som inkomstbortfall eller en tidig pension. En lämplig inkomstförsäkring skulle skydda en gäldenär från obestånd ifall ett inkomstbortfall inträffat.

The aim of the study was to investigate the experiences from the Swedish labor marketamong some foreign-born women. To answer the purpose, the following questions wereformulated:- Has it been easy or difficult for the foreign-born women to find work in Sweden?- How have the foreign-born women been treated by employers and work colleagues in theworkplace?- How and for what reason do the foreign-born women feel that they have been discriminatedagainst in a working life context? What experiences do they have?Based on a qualitative research method, five interviews were conducted with foreign-bornwomen who have been, and are, active in Swedish working life. The study showed that all ofthe participating women have felt that they have been discriminated against in the Swedishlabor market. In various ways, they have perceived that they have been disadvantaged andthereby not given the same conditions as domestically born when they have applied for workor the same opportunities for permanent employment, despite education. The women havefelt that they have been discriminated against because of their foreign background and forcultural and religious reasons. They have also been treated badly by their work colleagueswho have not allowed them to become part of the working community, and have gotten thefeeling that their foreign background has been the reason for the exclusion. The womenexperience that reasons for discrimination have, for example, been their foreign name, thatthey wear a veil, that they do not speak perfect Swedish and they have been met withprejudice, ignorance and the feeling that they have been opted out and excluded from thelabor market, both by employers and colleagues. The women have felt bullied, violated andquestioned in their working life. / Nej

Abstract The aim of our study is to gain a deeper understanding of the experiences of racismand exclusion that social workers with a foreign background may experience withinsocial services in Swedish municipalities. The focus will also be on the preventiveactions and solutions which social workers wish to be implemented in order totackle racism and exclusion. Our purpose is to contribute with deeper understandinginto how and which changes are desired for a safer and more welcoming workplace.Our questions for this study are the following: What experiences of racism andexclusion do social workers with a foreign background have in the social services?andWhat measures and solutions do social workers with a foreign background want toprevent the occurrence of racism and exclusion in their workplaces?To fulfill the purpose of our study, we used Goffman's theory of stigma, shame andthe concept of exclusion. We also used previous scientific research, both nationaland international. We interviewed eight social workers with foreign backgroundswithin the social services in Swedish municipalities. The eight interviews werequalitative semi-structured interviews which were later analyzed using qualitativecontent analysis.The results of this qualitative study were surprising as racism and exclusion seemsto be common problems in most of the workplaces. Racism and exclusion have hadnegative health effects for the social workers interviewed. There was a desire formore active and continuous work against racism and exclusion among theparticipants.

This bachelor thesis examines factors affecting the academic performance in Swedish schools. Specifically, the average qualification point among ninth grade students in schools in Stockholm municipality during the academic year 2021-2022 are studied. Multiple linear regression is used to identify individual, social, and school specific factors which have a significant impact on the average qualification point in schools. The purpose is to identify factors affecting the academic performance, and by that contribute to the knowledge base constituting the foundation for the work to improve the academic performance and provide equal opportunities for all students. The Swedish grading system, previous research on factors affecting students' performance, and the Swedish school in a societal perspective are also discussed. The findings indicate that the background of the students, the parents' level of education, and the number of students per teacher are good predictors for academic performance. / Denna kandidatuppsats undersöker faktorer som påverkar studieresultatet i svenska skolor. Specifikt studeras det genomsnittliga betyget bland elever i årskurs nio i Stockholms kommuns skolor under läsåret 2021-2022. Multipel linjär regression används för att identifiera individfaktorer, sociala faktorer och skolspecifika faktorer som har en signifikant inverkan på skolors genomsnittliga betyg. Syftet är att identifiera faktorer som påverkar studieresultatet och därmed bidra till kunskapsbasen som utgör grunden för arbetet med att förbättra studieresultat och tillhandahålla lika möjligheter för alla elever. Det svenska betygssystemet, tidigare forskning kring faktorer som påverkar elevers studieprestation samt den svenska skolan i ett samhälleligt perspektiv diskuteras också. Resultatet tyder på att elevernas bakgrund, föräldrarnas utbildningsnivå och antalet elever per lärare är bra prediktorer för akademisk prestation.

Alla barn har rätt till en likvärdig utbildning, vilket innefattar rätten till en likvärdig betygsättning. Organisationer och myndigheter, såsom Förenta nationerna, Skolverket och Diskrimineringsombudsman, belyser gång på gång vikten av alla barns lika värde i skolan. Att flertal aktörer framhäver vikten av likvärdighet samt arbetar aktivt för att uppnå likvärdig betygsättning för alla elever innebär dock inte alltid att alla elever blir betygsatta utifrån samma grunder. Ett mått att mäta likvärdighet i betygen är att identifiera betygens validitet. Betygsättning av elever utifrån personliga egenskaper istället för ämneskunskaper innebär att betygen får en låg validitet. Detta examensarbete kommer att studera hur elever med olika bakgrund. Studien avgränsas till att analysera upplevelserna utifrån två grunder; kön och etnicitet. avseende kön och etnicitet upplever att de blir betygsatta i matematik. Studien syftar till att undersöka differenser gällande upplevelser av betygssättning i matematik mellan elever med utländsk kontra svensk bakgrund samt differenser mellan pojkar och flickor. Med utländsk bakgrund avses i detta arbete en elev som är född utanför Sverige eller har föräldrar som är födda utanför Sverige. Detta examensarbete är uppdelat i två delar; en undersökande del och en utvecklingsdel. Den undersökande delen har för avsikt att genom datainsamling undersöka hur svenska skolan förhåller sig till en likvärdig bedömning inom matematik. Undersökningen sker via intervjuer, enkäter och litteraturstudier. Där utöver syftar studien till att undersöka lärarperspektivet i frågan avseende hur lärare uppfattar elevers prestationer i matematik och hur elevernas bakgrund kan påverka lärarens betygsättning. Det utfördes både kvalitativ och kvantitativ datainsamling i form av enkäter samt intervjuer. Totalt kom det in 359 enkätsvar och det utfördes 16 elevintervjuer samt fem lärarintervjuer. Deltagande lärare och elever i intervjuer samt enkätundersökningen var från fyra olika skolor i olika kommuner. Enkäterna genomgick en kvantitativ analys och intervjuerna genomgick en tematisk analys. Det utvecklingsdelen ämnade att skapa ett manus till en eventuell informationsfilm som lyfter undersökningsdelens resultat och upplyser lärare om elevers upplevelser om likvärdigheten i betygssättning i matematik. Resultatet påvisar att pojkar med utländsk bakgrund i allmänhet har sämre gymnasiebetyg i matematik. Enligt studien upplever eleverna i denna grupp att deras betyg inte möter deras prestationer. Flickor med svensk bakgrund har högst betyg enligt studien och de upplever i allra högst grad att deras betyg matchar prestationerna. Lärarna i studien ansåg att faktorer såsom språk, kultur och motivation påverkar betygssättningen. Vidare ansåg de att elever med utländsk bakgrund hade svårare att uppnå högre betyg i matematik på grund av språkbrister. Familjen hade även en påverkan enligt både lärare samt elever. Ett exempel på detta var att elever som fått låga betyg i matematik under grundskolan, men ändå haft behörigheten att börja på gymnasieprogram såsom natur och teknik, väljer dessa linjer på grund av press från föräldrar. Elever med högutbildade föräldrar klarar sig bättre i matematik och samtidigt påvisas att en mindre andel elever med utländsk bakgrund hade föräldrar som var utbildade. Lärarna hade mer tendenser att ge högre betyg till de elever som hade högst motivation. Utifrån denna studie hade vissa lärare tendenser att utgå ifrån stereotyper vid bemötande av eleverna samt vid vissa fall vid betygsättningen inom matematik. Förslag har presenterats för att försöka uppnå en mer likvärdig betygsättning genom att öka validiteten för betygen. Förslag såsom anonyma prov, kartläggning av stereotyper samt stöd för elever som inte får hjälp hemifrån med matematiken har lyfts upp i manuset. Detta examensarbete har för avsikt att bidra med insikter om hur betygsättningen inte alltid är likvärdig, trots lagar och förslag för bedömning i matematik. Detta utifrån att betyg har låg validitet. Ett hållbart samhälle kräver en hållbar skola därför är strävan efter likvärdiga betyg vitalt då det gynnar flertal globala mål. Att pojkar med utländsk bakgrund får sämre betyg innebär inte att de inte blir likvärdigt bedömda, utan det kan även vara på så sätt att de presterar sämre i matematik. / All children have the right to an equal education, which includes the right to an equal grade. Organizations and authorities, such as the United Nations, the National Agency for Education and the Discrimination Ombudsman, repeatedly highlight the importance of the equal value of all children in school. However, the fact that several actors emphasize the importance of equivalence and work actively to achieve equal grading for all students does not always mean that all students are graded on the same grounds. One measure of measuring equivalence ingrades is to identify the validity of grades. Grading of students based on personal characteristics instead of subject knowledge means that the grades have a low validity. This thesis will study how students with different backgrounds. The study is limited to analyzing the experiences on two grounds; gender and ethnicity. regarding gender and ethnicity feel that they are graded in mathematics. The study aims to investigate differences regarding experiences of grading in mathematics between students with a foreign versus Swedish background as well as differences between boys and girls. By foreign background is meant in this work a student who was born outside Sweden or has parents who were born outside Sweden. This thesis is divided into two parts; an investigative part and a development part. The investigative part intends to investigate through data collection how the Swedish school relates to an equivalent assessment in mathematics. The survey takes place via interviews, questionnaires and literature studies. In addition, the study aims to examine the teacher's perspective on the issue of how teachers perceive students' performance in mathematics and how students' backgrounds can affect teachers' grades. Both qualitative and quantitative data collection was performed in the form of questionnaires and interviews. A total of 359 questionnaire responses were received and 16 student interviews and five teacher interviews were conducted. Participating teachers and students in interviews and the survey were from four different schools in different municipalities. The questionnaires underwent a quantitative analysis and the interviews underwent a thematic analysis. The development part intended to create a script for a possible information film that highlights the results of the survey part andi nforms teachers about students' experiences of the equivalence in grading in mathematics. The results show that boys with a foreign background generally have poorer high school grades in mathematics. According to the study, the students in this group feel that their grades do not match their performance. Girls with a Swedish background have the highest grades according to the study and they experience to a very high degree that their grades match the achievements. The teachers in the study considered that factors such as language, culture and motivation affect the grading. Furthermore, they considered that students with a foreign background had more difficulty in achieving higher grades in mathematics due to language deficiencies. The family also had an impact according to both teachers and students. An example of this was that students who received low grades in mathematics during primary school, but still had the right to start high school programs such as nature and technology, choose these lines due to pressure from parents. Pupils with highly educated parents do better in mathematics and at the same time it is shown that a smaller proportion of pupils with a foreign background had parents who were educated. The teachers had more tendencies to give higher grades to the students who had the highest motivation. Based on this study, some teachers tended to start from stereotypes when treating students and in some cases when grading in mathematics. Proposals have been presented to try to achieve a more equivalent grading by increasing the validity of the grades. Suggestions such as anonymous tests, mapping of stereotypes and support for students who do not receive help from home with mathematics have been raised in the script. This thesis intends to contribute insights into how grading is not always equivalent, despite laws and proposals for assessment in mathematics. This is based on the fact that grades have low validity. A sustainable society requires a sustainable school, therefore the pursuit of equivalent grades is vital as it benefits several global goals. The fact that boys with a foreign background receive poorer grades does not mean that they are not assessed equally, but it can also be the case that they perform worse in mathematics.

This study has as an objective to compare and evaluate the living conditions of two immigrant children residing in different places in Sweden. Given that immigrants often are looked upon as a social and physical vulnerable group in relation to disadvantageous socioeconomic conditions the children's lives were analyzed in relation to four public health objects. By using Runkeeper, GIS, Equipop data, time geographic material, telephone conversations and a web survey the children lives are analyzed within their activity spaces. The children formed their lives in different socioeconomic environments and adapted their lives after their conditions. The perspective on individual level can be put in contrast with studies based on society level. In relation to this the lives of these two children are observed as deviant because they showed a good health status in social and physical aspects. Some theories and hypothesis could be verified and some of these could be falsified. Keywords: Activity spaces, immigrant, socioeconomic conditions, health status.

Different interpretations of the New York Convention’s Article V(1)(e) have caused inconsistencies regarding how courts deal with applications for enforcement of annulled foreign arbitral awards. Court cases from various Contracting States display that the courts have adopted different approaches to this matter. With the rising number of challenges of awards, the issue has become increasingly important. The author examines international case law to analyze the issue of enforcement of annulled arbitral awards with the purpose of suggesting a possible Swedish approach. A number of aspects support the view that national courts have discretion when deciding whether to enforce a foreign arbitral award notwithstanding that has been annulled in the country of origin. Both the New York Convention and the Swedish Arbitration Act leaves narrow room for the court to exercise this discretion. The author suggests that enforcement of an annulled foreign arbitral award should be possible in Sweden under certain exceptional circumstances. If the competent authority in the country where the award was made annuls the award for reasons totally unacceptable from a Swedish point of view, the option to enforce the foreign arbitral award in Sweden should still be available. This approach is in line with the wording and purpose of both the New York Convention and the Swedish Arbitration Act. The suggested Swedish approach would not cause any serious uncertainty for the parties to the arbitration, but would create a necessary safety-valve for the courts to avoid having to refuse enforcement of a foreign arbitral award when it has been set aside for obscure reasons or by a corrupt court. As is evident from international case law, the interpretation and application of Article V(1)(e) of the New York Convention varies depending on what country enforcement is sought. To avoid contributing to further inconsistencies, it is necessary for Swedish authorities and practitioners to consider the issues addressed in the study.