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[pt] Práticas didáticas realizadas são ditas como invisíveis e misteriosas. Professores críticos e reflexivos são o objetivo máximo de qualquer curso de formação de professores. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar se o trabalho de documentação do professor pode ser considerado como um instrumento que promove reflexão, e que revela as cenas pedagógicas (Margolinas e Rivière, 2005), e o conteúdo utilizado para o planejamento e o ensino. O estudo foi realizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil). Visitamos 80 escolas públicas de ensino fundamental II de todas as 11 corregedorias regionais de educação (CREs), falamos com cerca de 200 professores, coletamos 78 questionários de uma amostra intencionalmente selecionada, e conduzimos um grupo focal e 12 entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Utilizamos grounded theory para analisar os dados de acordo com os conceitos fundamentais do nosso referencial teórico: reflexão, documentação pedagógica e TIC na educação. Os resultados indicaram uma interação entre professores e recursos disponíveis (foco nos recursos digitais) para organizar, criar, expandir (extend), transformar, remixar, e compartilhar conteúdo, sugerindo uma atitude reflexiva por parte dos professores durante o seu trabalho de gênese documental. Nós investigamos especificamente o trabalho de documentação do professor, o que o compõe: motivações, intenções e uso. O material observado (oral, concreto, e virtual) indicou que a motivação do professor é mais instrumental e pragmática, com poucas intenções transformadoras; além disso, houve pouca evidência de uma reflexão proativa, deliberada e intencional, como por exemplo um olhar retroativo para as práticas recém realizadas. No entanto, suas atitudes e opiniões sugeriram um interesse genuíno na melhora de suas práticas e uma crença de que esta melhora pode ser promovida através de ferramentas digitais; no caso o trabalho de documentação sendo reconhecido como um caminho promissor. Nossa discussão indica as limitações do nosso referencial teórico para explicar a gênese documental do professor e como ela se relaciona com uma postura reflexiva. Nós reconhecemos a necessidade de uma teoria que reconheça e explique a agência da matéria (no nosso caso, das tecnologias digitais), como a Teoria Sócio Material (Material Engagement Theory - MET). / [en] Enacted teaching practices are invisible and mysterious. Critical reflective teachers are the ultimate goal of any teacher training. The goal of this research is to investigate whether teaching documentation work can be considered an instrument for fostering reflection, and to reveal pedagogical scenes (Margolinas and Rivière, 2005) and the contents used for planning and teaching. The study was carried out in the city of Rio de Janeiro - Brazil. We visited 80 public middle schools in all 11 educational districts, we talked to about 200 teachers, conducted 78 surveys based on an intentionally selected sample, and conducted one focus group and 12 semi-structured interviews. We used grounded theory and results were analyzed in light of the fundamental concepts in our theoretical framework such as reflection, documentation work, and ICT in education. Our results indicated an interaction between teachers and available resources (focus on technical, digital resources) to organize, create, extend, transform, remix, and share content, suggesting teachers reflective attitude during documentation genesis. We specifically investigated pedagogical documentation work and what it entails: motivations, purpose and use. The (oral, concrete, and visual) materials observed indicated that teachers motivation was more instrumental and pragmatic, with few transformative intents; moreover, there was little evidence of proactive, deliberate and intentional reflection such as retrospection on the practices just realized. Nevertheless, their attitudes and opinions suggested their genuine interest in improving their practices, and they believe that this can be stimulated through digital tools, recognizing documentation as a powerful one. Our discussion points to the limitations of our theoretical framework in explaining teachers documental genesis and its relation to reflective attitude. We acknowledge the need for a theory that recognizes and explains material agency (in our case, of digital technology), such as the Material Engagement Theory (MET).

This thesis investigates the integration of digital technologies (DT) within Product-Service Systems (PSS) and their role in promoting Circular Economy (CE) practices. Despite increasing recognition of digitalization in industries with PSS offerings, research on DT as a catalyst for CE, especially across organizations of various sizes, remains limited. This study explores how DT can revolutionize PSS, leading to more sustainable and efficient operations aligned with CE principles across varying industries sizes. The research employs a qualitative, multiple-case study approach, examining various industries to comprehend the diverse applications and implications of DT in PSS. Through an extensive review of existing literature and empirical data from case studies, the study identifies the implications, challenges, opportunities, and strategic dimensions of leveraging DT in PSS for CE. Key findings reveal that DT significantly enhances the efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability of PSS operations, aiding a transition towards CE. The study emphasizes the critical role of DT in resource optimization, waste reduction, and value creation, which are essential for sustainable business practices. However, it also underscores the diverse challenges faced by organizations, including technological adaptability, cost implications, and the need for tailored strategies across different organizational sizes. The thesis concludes with strategic insights for organizations, policymakers, and researchers, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts to maximize the benefits of DT in PSS for promoting CE values. The study also advocates for a future where digital technologies are central to achieving a circular business model, and underlines the importance of strategic and effective technology adoption in the PSS sector. / Denna avhandling undersöker integrationen av digitala teknologier (DT) inom Produkt-Tjänstesystem (PSS) och deras roll i främjandet av praxis för cirkulär ekonomi (CE). Trots ökat erkännande av digitaliseringens roll inom industrier med PSS-erbjudanden, är forskningen om DT en katalysator för CE, särskilt för organisationer av olika storlekar, begränsad. Denna studie utforskar hur DT kan revolutionera PSS, vilket leder till en mer hållbar och effektiv verksamhet och metoder i linje med CE-principer över varierande industristorlekar. Forskningen använder en kvalitativ flerfallsstudieansats, och undersöker olika industrier för att förstå de mångsidiga applikationerna och implikationerna av DT i PSS. Genom en omfattande granskning av befintlig litteratur och empiriska data från fallstudier, identifierar studien implikationerna, utmaningarna, möjligheterna och de strategiska dimensionerna av att utnyttja DT i PSS för CE. Huvudsakliga slutsatser visar att DT avsevärt förbättrar effektiviteten, flexibiliteten och hållbarheten i PSS-verksamheter, vilket underlättar en övergång mot CE. Studien betonar DT:s kritiska roll i optimering av resurser, minskning av avfall och vidare värdeskapande, vilket är avgörande för att skapa en hållbar affär. Den lyfter dock också fram de mångfaldiga utmaningar som organisationer står inför, inklusive teknologisk anpassningsförmåga, kostnadsimplikationer och behovet av skräddarsydda strategier för olika organisatoriska storlekar. Avhandlingen avslutas med strategiska insikter för organisationer, beslutsfattare och forskare, och betonar behovet av samarbetsinsatser för att maximera fördelarna med DT i PSS för att främja CE-värderingar. Den förespråkar en framtid där digitala teknologier är centrala för att uppnå cirkulära affärsmodeller, och understryker vikten av strategisk och effektiv teknologiimplementering i PSS-sektorn.

Диссертационное исследование посвящено изучению лексики посредством использования интерактивных приложений в образовательном процессе. Работа включает актуальные исследования в области образовательной деятельности. В данном исследовании рассматриваются теоретические основы и приводится описание учебной экспериментальной работы по теме исследования с использованием интерактивного приложения Quizlet. / The dissertation research is devoted to the study of vocabulary using interactive applications in the educational process. The work includes current research in the field of educational activities. This study discusses the theoretical foundations and describes an educational experimental work on the research topic using the interactive application Quizlet.

В течение последнего десятилетия значительная доля сделок по слияниям и поглощениям была обусловлена быстрым развитием передовых технологий. Передовые технологии – и в их числе цифровые технологии – стали движущей силой возможностей неорганического роста для компаний. Однако до сих пор остаётся неизученным то, как сделки слияний и поглощений в целом (не только в высокотехнологичных отраслях, или сделки с целями, имеющими цифровые технологии) влияют на цифровизацию компаний и на уровень её цифровой трансформации. Целью данной работы является оценка влияния активности компании на рынке сделок слияний и поглощений на глубину её цифровизации. Объектом исследования послужила выборка из 1242 российских промышленных компаний. Выбор компаний был обусловлен тем, что каждая из них обладает некими цифровыми компетенциями (технологиями), которые являются основой данного исследования. Предметом исследования является механизм взаимосвязи между активностью компании на рынке сделок слияний и поглощений (в виде факта участи в сделке M&A) и глубиной цифровой трансформации этой компании. Новизна исследования заключается в том, что было проведено первое подобное исследование по крупным российским компаниям, оперирующим в 20 отраслях промышленности, с использование эконометрическое модели, которая одновременно рассматривает множество факторов, влияющих на глубину цифровой трансформации. Практическая значимость исследования состоит в том, что его результаты и представленные рекомендации могут быть полезны для собственников компаний, планирующих сделку слияний и поглощений в эпоху цифровизации, а также для органов государственной власти, активно поддерживающих и развивающих цифровизацию в нашей стране. / Over the past decade, a significant share of M&A has been driven by rapid advances in advanced technology. Advanced technologies - and digital technologies among them - have become the driving force behind inorganic growth opportunities for companies. However, how M&A deals in general (not only in high-tech industries, or deals with targets with digital technology) affect the digitalization of companies and its level of digital transformation remains unexplored until now. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of a company's activity in the M&A market on the depth of its digitalization. A sample of 1,242 Russian industrial companies was used as an object of research. The choice of companies was due to the fact that each of them has some digital competencies (technologies), which are the basis of this study. The subject of the study is the mechanism of relationship between the activity of the company in the M&A market (in the form of the fact of participation in the M&A transaction) and the depth of digital transformation of this company. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the first such study was conducted on large Russian companies operating in 20 industries, using an econometric model that simultaneously considers many factors affecting the depth of digital transformation. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that its results and the recommendations presented may be useful to company owners planning M&A deals in the era of digitalization, as well as to government authorities that are actively supporting and developing digitalization in our country.

This study aims to gain deeper insights in digital technology supported teaching in Swedish early childhood education (ECE) settings. Introduction of digital goals in Swedish ECE curriculum obliges preschool teachers to integrate digital technologies into educational practices and calls for a relevant definition and a defined content for this teaching area. By examining teachers’ perspectives, this thesis contributes to obtaining valuable experience-based knowledge that can eventually fill the existing research gap.   In a curriculum context, digital technologies have traditionally been associated with technology as a teaching tool, while digital goals (i.e., training children’s digital competence) redefine technology as a teaching content. However, integrating digital technologies in educational practices is still reported to be a challenge, and preschool teachers demonstrate ambivalent attitudes towards use of digital technologies in play-based pedagogy. Previous research has shown that to embed technologies in preschool practices, teachers need to enhance their technological knowledge, which involves a complex coupling between technical knowledge and pedagogical expertise. In the study, eleven preschool teachers were interviewed. A phenomenographic approach was used to identify and analyze the teachers’ conceptions. As a result, several categories related to digital technology use were discerned in teachers’ descriptions. Teaching situations were identified within both planned and spontaneous activities whilst activities for entertainment, relaxation and staff relief were referred to as mere “media consumption”. Paradoxically, nearly all teachers define digital technology supported teaching as a goal-directed, planned and adult-led activity. However, plenty of examples given by the teachers show that situations originating from spontaneous use of digital technology, particularly tablets, play an essential role in everyday teaching practices. Such a rigid understanding of the teaching concept on a definition level may have a counterproductive effect on ECE task with a traditional focus on child-initiated, spontaneous activities.  Other findings show that various combinations of hard- and software (apps) may offer teachers multiple teaching options. However, lack of time and technical knowledge in one group of teachers is reported to lead to a scarce use of technologies. In most examples, digital technology is described as a teaching tool for training language, science, mathematics, or arts, while technology as a content is seen as a challenging task and focuses mainly on introducing programmable toys. The teachers describe several examples where technology does not align with their didactic intentions. However, tablet with Google Search is the technology that demonstrates both frequent and organic use. Providing immediate answers on the screen, tablets enable to capture children’s spontaneous questions and, at the same time, support teachers’ educational goals. The preschool teachers’ critical observations and didactic value judgements can contribute with a more nuanced view on what a particular digital technology makes possible in a certain teaching situation.   Key words: early childhood education (ECE), preschool, digital technology supported teaching, digital competence, tablet, phenomenography, teachers’ beliefs. / Studiens syfte är att bidra med fördjupad kunskap om undervisning relaterad till digitala tekniker i förskolan. Två uppdrag i den reviderade läroplanen Lpfö18 – undervisningsuppdraget och digitaliseringsuppdraget ­­- innebär att alla förskollärare har ansvar för att organisera undervisning som inkluderar digitala tekniker. Vad som ingår i denna undervisning och hur den ska bedrivas är dock inte självklart. Genom att undersöka förskollärares perspektiv kan studien bidra med att mejsla ut professionskunskap i detta innehållområde och ge viktiga insikter för både praktiken och den fortsatta forskningen.     Den digitala teknikens funktioner i förskolans läroplan formuleras på två skilda kvalitativa sätt: som ett verktyg för att nå ett visst mål eller som ett mål i sig, i syfte att utveckla barns digitala kompetens. Förskolan och digitala tekniker kan beskrivas ha en ”problematisk relation” där många förskollärare fortfarande känner sig oförberedda och tveksamma inför integreringen av digital teknik i lekbaserad pedagogik. Tidigare forskning visar att förskollärare behöver både teknisk och didaktisk kompetens kring användandet av en viss teknik.  Studien utgår från den fenomenografiska ansatsen som ett sätt att närma sig fenomenet undervisning relaterad till digitala tekniker i förskolan och baseras på intervjuer med 11 förskollärare. Flera kategorier har urskilts som representerar hur undervisning och andra aktiviteter relaterade till digitala tekniker beskrivs av förskollärarna på kvalitativt olika sätt.  Undervisningssituationer identifierades inom både planerade och spontana aktiviteter medan underhållande, avkopplande och avlastande aktiviteter uppfattades endast som tidsfördrift och ”konsumtion” av digital teknik. Förskollärares definition av undervisning relaterad till digitala tekniker som en målstyrd, planerad och vuxenledd aktivitet står i stark konstrast till många exempel där det återkommande lyfts spontana aktiviteter. En sådan rigid förståelse av begreppet undervisning i förskolan kan verka kontraproduktivt och bidra till en skolifiering av förskolan.  Ett annat resultat visar att olika kombinationer av hård- och mjukvaror (appar) i olika sammanhang erbjuder varierande, multipla användningsområden i undervisningen. Samtidigt uppges brist på tid och teknisk kunskap orsaka en begränsad användning av teknik i en grupp lärare. Medan digitala tekniker som ett verktyg beskrivs med fördel användas i naturvetenskapliga projekt, skapande och språkarbete, refererar de flesta förskollärare endast till programmerbara robotar som exempel på digitala tekniker som ett mål, vilket endast utgör en del i det arbetet. Studiens resultat visar att digitala tekniker inte alltid lyckas ge stöd åt förskollärarnas didaktiska målsättningar. Samtidigt är datorplatta med sökmotor Google ett exempel på teknik som både används frekvent och organiskt, dvs. i harmoni med barnens idéer och förskollärarens didaktiska intentioner. Med hjälp av sökmotorn får förskollärare och barn en omedelbar tillgång till information vilket skapar ett konstant flöde av barnens spontana frågor och svar från datorplattan som kan läsas eller visas direkt. Studiens resultat innebär att förskollärares observationer och kritiskt didaktiska reflektioner kan ligga till grund för vad som faktiskt blir möjligt att erbjuda barn i undervisning.

We human beings are facing a dilemma, as we live in a time and place where we inevitably have to become more stationary in our way of living, as well as make more careful and calculated decisions about what type of products we consume and how. As we are increasingly confined to our homes, our homes are having to act host to all of the activities that we used to leave our home for, such as work, exercise, leisure and more. The need for interior modification is larger than ever, yet the need is conflicted by the threat that product consumption is paying to our climate. This project has explored the technology of augmented reality as an alternative method for interior adaptation, personalisation and creation in existing environments, through a concept called DIGITERIORS. By introducing flexible and digital layers to our static and analog interiors, the concept enables a new interactive dimension of interiors that can be atmospherically optimised and customised for a specific activity, need or mood, innumerable times without having to consume interior products or material. On a larger scale, this project speculates on sustainable and alternative ways of influencing our interiors in the future, using technologies that are already developed, but not yet fully utilised.

[pt] O propósito geral da pesquisa é gerar conhecimento sobre como e por que alcançar um produto de classe mundial na indústria de transformação brasileira, locus do design industrial, com foco conclusivo na indústria do móvel residencial de madeira maciça. Isto é importante pelo fato da indústria de transformação ser o setor de maior capacidade indutora da economia, sendo este seu valor estratégico, e por trazer a ideia de resgate da indústria diante do processo de desindustrialização. A pré-condição para esta proposta é que a indústria seja competitiva a nível internacional e para tal iremos precisar de produtos de classe mundial. A pesquisa é um estudo de caso envolvendo quatro indústrias do móvel residencial de madeira maciça para validar a hipótese de que a conjunção simultânea do design como ferramenta estratégica para os negócios, produção enxuta e incorporação de tecnologia digital no ecossistema da indústria cria as condições favoráveis para o alcance de um produto de classe mundial. A escolha dos casos foi feita de modo a propiciar replicações da teoria prevista. Utilizamos sete categorias de fontes de dados e adotamos a estratégia de seguir nossa proposição teórica que forneceu subsídios ao plano de coleta de dados. Como técnica analítica demos forte ênfase à sobreposição entre coleta e análise, através de percepções registradas ao lado dos dados em matrizes de exposição. Estas também trazem as consistências com a literatura revisada e as evidências entre os casos, de onde extraímos os padrões cruzados que resultaram em um conjunto de balizadores de referência para o alcance de um produto de classe mundial. A conclusão traz os casos selecionados mostrando resultados similares e proporcionando assim consistência com nossas proposições teóricas. Como toda pesquisa, esta também apresenta limitações a serem exploradas: promover generalização analítica com outras tipologias de indústrias de transformação, com outras categorias de indústrias pois as quatro selecionadas são indústrias familiares, e que os balizadores de referência não se esgotam nos encontrados, com novos podendo ser mapeados. / [en] The overall purpose of this research is to generate knowledge on how and why to achieve a world-class product in the Brazilian manufacturing industry, locus of industrial design, with conclusive focus on the solid wood residential furniture industry. This is important because the manufacturing industry is the sector with the greatest inductive capacity of the economy, this being its strategic value, and for bringing the idea of industry rescue in the face of deindustrialization process. The precondition for this proposal is that the industry is internationally competitive and for that we will need world-class products. The research is a case study involving four industries of solid wood residential furniture to validate the hypothesis that the simultaneous conjunction of design as a strategic tools for business, lean manufacturing and incorporation of digital technology into the industry ecosystem creates favourable conditions to reach a world class product. The choice of cases was made in order to provide for replications of the predicted theory. We used seven categories of data sources and adopted the strategy of following our theoretical proposition that provided subsides to the data collection plan. As an analytical technique we strong emphasis on the overlap between collection and analysis through perceptions recorded alongside the data on display matrix. This also brings the consistencies with the revised literature and the evidence between the cases from where we extracted the cross-patterns that resulted in a list of reference beacons for reaching a world-class product. The conclusion brings the selected cases showing similar results and thus providing consistency with our theoretical propositions. Like all research this one also presents limitations to be explored: to promote analytical generalization with other typologies of manufacturing industries, with other categories of industries since the four selected ones are familiar industries and that the reference beacons are not exhausted in the found ones, with new ones being mapped.

Introduktion: Digital teknik förändrar arbetslivets processer och kan påverka arbetstagarnas arbetsmiljö. Europakommissionens strategi, Industri 5.0, uppmanar till ett människocentrerat förhållningssätt som bidrar till välbefinnande och hållbarhet i den digitala utvecklingen. Syfte: Syftet var att analysera synen på arbetarnas hälsa och välbefinnande i studier som åberopar Europakommissionens strategi Industri 5.0. Forskningsfrågorna letade svar på hur välbefinnande beskrivs, om forskningen anlägger ett teknik- eller människocentrerat perspektiv och om etiska aspekter beaktas. Metod: Kritisk litteraturgranskning med en deduktiv ansats och innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Resultat: Forskning gällande digital teknik utgår ofta från forskningscenter som har en teknisk inriktning. Ett högre välbefinnande beskrivs av flera forskare utifrån att det ger en högre prestanda. Majoriteten av genomförda studier utgår från ett teknikcentrerat perspektiv vilket tolkades som att arbetarens hälsa är ett medel för att uppnå en högre produktivitet. Enligt resultatet kan digital teknik användas för att övervaka arbetaren och beräkna arbetarens hälsa med hjälp av AI (artificiell intelligens) i syfte att öka effektivitet och produktivitet. Etiska ställningstaganden tas sällan i beaktande vid studier av digital teknik. Slutsats: Studien indikerar att det finns ett fortsatt teknikcentrerat perspektiv i forskning av digital teknik som används av industriarbetaren. Övervakning och beräkningar av arbetarens hälsa kan sammanfattningsvis beskrivas som ett medel för högre produktivitet, inte som ett mål. Tvärvetenskapligt samarbete avseende digital teknik skulle kunna skapa en bredare förståelse för välbefinnande där hälsan är ett mål och produktiviteten en effekt. Tvärvetenskapligt samarbete gällande digital teknik skulle även kunna öka medvetenheten om hur tekniken påverkar människan ur ett etiskt perspektiv. / Introduction: Digital technologies changes the processes of work and thus can affect work environment. The European Commission's strategy, Industry 5.0, calls for a human-centric approach to digital development that contributes to wellbeing and sustainability. Aim: The aim was to analyze the view of health and wellbeing in studies that invoke Industry 5.0. The research questions seek answers to how wellbeing is described, whether the research is technology- or human-centered and whether ethical aspects are taken into account. Method: Critical literature review with a deductive approach and content analysis with an inductive approach. Results: Research on digital technology is often based on centers that have a technical focus. Higher level of wellbeing is described on the basis that it provides higher performance. The majority of the studies conducted are based on a technology-centered perspective, which is interpreted to lead to the perception that the worker's health is a means to achieve higher productivity. Digital technologies described are used to monitor worker and calculate the worker's health in order to increase productivity. Ethical positions are rarely taken into account. Conclusion: There is a continued technology-centric perspective in research of digital technologies that is intended to improve the wellbeing of the worker. Monitoring and calculating the health of the worker is described as a means to higher productivity. Interdisciplinary collaboration on digital technologies could create a broader understanding of wellbeing where health is a goal and productivity is an effect. Interdisciplinary collaboration could also raise awareness of how technology affects workers from an ethical perspective.