兩岸關係既是臺灣最重要的對外關係，也是支配臺灣內部政黨競爭、統獨認同與利益配置等政治議題的核心，其重要性不言可喻，然而，臺灣民眾面對兩岸相關議題，時常面臨理性與感性的抉擇，「理性自利」觀點認為利益極大化是選擇時的衡量準則；「感性認同」觀點則主張情感認同等符號才是決定態度的關鍵。本研究使用2008年、2009年、2012年與2013年的民意調查資料，從「理性自利」、「感性認同」與「威脅認知」三個面向切入，追蹤與探析臺灣民眾如何評估兩岸經貿交流所帶來的利益，以及此經濟利益評估對於臺灣民眾的「臺灣人／中國人認同」與「統獨立場」的影響，並進一步剖析臺灣民眾的兩岸經貿交流立場與影響因素。研究結果發現，臺灣民眾對於兩岸經貿的整體與個體利益評估不同，且利益評估確實影響了臺灣民眾的「臺灣人／中國人認同」、「統獨立場」與「經貿立場」，認為利益變差者傾向認同臺灣人、臺灣獨立，認為利益變好者傾向認同中國人與都是、維持現狀與統一。此外，臺灣民眾具有以大我為優先的傾向，整體利益的好壞是決定其經貿立場的關鍵，認為有利於整體即支持開放，若有害於整體則支持緊縮。然而，臺灣民眾與中國大陸日益疏離的趨勢並未出現改變，因為政黨認同、臺灣人／中國人認同、統獨立場等感性因素，以及威脅感受，對於臺灣民眾的兩岸議題立場抉擇仍具有顯著影響力。因此，本研究認為「理性自利」雖然看似能引導臺灣的兩岸議題民意結構，但「感性認同」與「威脅認知」或許才是左右臺灣民眾態度的真正關鍵，也是造成臺灣民意對中國大陸愈趨「疏離」態勢的根本原因。

本論文旨在探討一九八七年至一九九四年間兩岸教育交流的緣起、現況、發展、及所衍生的教育問題。全文共分六章。第一章緒論，論述研究動機、目的、範圍與限制，以及研究方法與基本架構之介紹。第二章教育交流之背景，旨在追溯兩岸關係之演變及探究促成教育交流之因素，比較兩岸發展有別的教育體質與環境。第三章教育交流之政策，探討兩岸交流政策與法規之關係及其真實意涵。第四章教育交流之現況與發展，綜合整理七年來的交流歷史，且依性質分成九種型態，並詳細依發生先後作簡要紀錄，再將各型態內容作一分析，裨助日後交流之參考。第五章教育交流之問題與對策，乃將交流後浮現的五大教育問題，其發生的原因、現況與自身問題、影響及兩岸當局態度一一研析，且提出因應對策。第六章結論，將各章所得呈現，反思教育交流功能與阻礙，並提出建議。

現今由政府所主導土地開發，常因開發方式的僵固化而造成公平與效率的爭議，本研究的目的即在於尋找另一種新的土地開發方式──浮動開發，希望能有效地解決爭議而達成開發目標，並以南二高交流道特定區開發為例，模擬浮動開發之運作模式，使其能落實應用。 　　本研究首先探討現行國內土地開發方式的優缺點及比較國外彈性土地開發方式之功能目的，期望能從中找適合國內的開發模式。結果本研究採用浮動分區(Floating Zone)為主要依據，配合現實環境，研擬出二階段浮動開發模式及運作流程，並以理性預期理論及獨占理論來說明浮動開發的立論依據，進而探討其特性及限制面，同時與現行土地開發方式作一比較。 　　另外，浮動開發的基礎在於協商的運作，因此本研究從協商的基本意義及目的作探討，並針對土地開發協商，尋找國內外範例來分析其優缺點及運作情形，進而建立二階段二部分之浮動開發的協商模式。 　　在模擬應用浮動開發於交流道特定區時，首先進行交流道特定區的特性分析，並以中山高交流道特定區的開發情形作檢討，而認為其開發成果並不理想，實因受限於土地開發的不合理性，因此南二高新市交流道特定區的開發，採取本研究之浮動開發方式來模擬運作，評選出四處浮動區位來協商開發。 　　為了解專家學者對浮動開發方式之意見，本研究以層級分析法(AHP)來對浮動開發與協商作專家學者的問卷實證。首先對浮動開發及協商之特性與策略作出層級設計，選出三十位專家學者作答，其綜合結果如下： 　　1.浮動開發為較為公平的土地開發方式，而效率也能在整體運作下達到成果。 　　2.協商的運作應是可行且公平的，但效率的達成則較差，而法令制度的建立被視為運作上最重要的依據。 　　綜合以上之分析，本研究之結論及建議如下： 　　1.浮動開發先期作業長，應用上應及早規劃。 　　2.應有一套合理鑑價制度，使權益分配更合理。 　　3.應用於交流道特定區時，建議將交流道與特定區一同規劃浮動。 　　4.為使協商運作順利，應籌組公正的仲裁機構。 　　5.及早培養協商人才，以利協商的進行。 　　6.可建立政府間的協商管道，使中央與地方共享開發成果。 / The land development led by the government often causes the issues of fairness and efficiency by inflexible development methods. The purpose of this thesis is to propose a new land development approach-floating development-to effectively solve the problems and achieve the goal of land development. This thesis takes the special district areas of the South Second Highway Interchange as examples to study the feasible of floating development. 　　First, this thesis considers the pros and cons of the domestic land development methods and compares with the function and goal of foreign flexible land development methods. Moreover, according to the Floating Zoning and the current environment, this thesis offers a two-stage floating development and an operating process, explains the floating development mode by monopoly theory and rational expectation theory, examines its characteristic and limitation, and compares with current land development methods. 　　In addition, the floating development approach bases on negotiation, therefore, this thesis examines the definition and the aim of negotiation. Moreover, this thesis focuses on land developing negotiation to analyze its pros and cons and operation and to build the negotiating mode of a two-stage floating development approach. 　　Applying the floating development to the interchange special district area, this thesis first analyzes the characteristics of the interchange special district areas of the Chug-Shane Highway, and finds that it is not successful resulted from the irrational land development. Therefore, this thesis takes Shin-Shih interchange special district area of the South Second Highway for example to examine the floating development method and to screen out four floating locations for development and negotiation. 　　In order to study the experts' and scholars' opinions on floating development method, this thesis adopts the AHP (Analysis Hierarchy Process) to survey the floating development and negotiation. This thesis designs goals and strategies of floating development and negotiation, and selects 30 experts and scholars to answer an AHP questionnaire. The results are as follows: 　　1.The floating development is fair and more effective. 　　2.The operation of negotiation is workable and fair, however, is lack of efficiency. Establishing disagrees and regulations is regarded as the most important reference of operation. 　　According to the above analyses, this thesis concludes and suggests: 　　1.It takes long time to prepare the floating development, therefore, it should be designed and planned earlier before applying. 　　2.We should develop a reasonable evaluating system to make the distribution of benefits more reasonable. 　　3.When applying floating development to the interchange special district area, it would be better to plan floating interchanges and floating special district areas together. 　　4.To operate negotiation fluently, establishing appropriate arbitration institution is suggested. 　　5.Cultivating professional negotiators earlier will be helpful to negotiation process. 　　6.Building the negotiation channel among governments will benefit both central and local governments.

中山高速公路交流道鄰近地區多劃設為交流道特定區，交流道特定區具備維持交流道運輸和保持附近聚落都市生活品質雙重功能。而根據交流道區域特性與土地使用組合的不同，劃分交流道特定區為發展型、帶動發展型、輔助發展型與管制型。本研究以麻豆（帶動發展型）和永康（發展型）交流道特定區為研究範圍，探究交流道地區居民對生活環境品質之態度。 　　影響生活環境品質的因素很多，本研究探討土地使用對生活環境品質的影響，以社會心理學方法衡量居民對生活環境品質的滿意度，進一步比較分析交流道地區居民對交流道區內和區間生活環境品質的評價和滿意度，並在考慮居民基本屬性（性別、職業、教育、年齡、所得）下，探討不同類型交流道特定區是否影響居民之生活環境品質態度。 　　綜合本研究之分析得到以下之結論： 　　一、交流道地區居民對住宅內部環境之滿意度高於對住宅外部環境之滿意度。 　　二、交流道地區居民對交流道地區間之生活環境品質的認知和滿意程度是相同的，對交流道地區內之生活環境品質的認知和滿意程度有差異。 　　三、在考慮居民的基本屬性下，不同類型交流道特定區之土地使用會影響居民生活環境品質態度之形成。 　　根據研究結論提出下列建議： 　　一、改善交流道地區的生活環境品質，應著重在交流道地區內，如鄰里公共設施之興闢。 　　二、影響交流道地區生活環境品質之因素多與車輛交通有關，所以提升交流道特定區生活環境品質之方法，是以交通運輸網路配合居住聚落之配置。 　　三、本研究假設影響居民生活環境品質態度形成之因素為土地使用與居民基本屬性，是否還有其他影響之因素，可做進一步之分析。

在全球化衝擊下，高等教育已進入一個高度競爭的時代，教育的專業化、自由化與國際化已成為無可避免的趨勢。因此兩岸教育與合作，除了在兩岸互動與和平發展上有劃時代的意涵外，更具有「符合世界潮流，與國際接軌」的深遠意義。 2008年總統大選結束，國內的政治情勢產生了前所未有的劇烈轉變，隨著政治立場的更迭，政府大幅調整了大陸政策，以往被忽視的陸生來臺就學政策也重新浮上檯面。 本研究旨在探討開放陸生來臺政策之研究，主要採用文獻探討及政策分析等進行研究，以多重角度地探討開放陸生來臺對臺灣國家安全、教育、社會文化及經濟等方面可能造成的衝擊與問題。 根據本研究歸納整理，主要結論如下： 一、全球化下高等教育學生流動成為趨勢，兩岸學生交流亦是時勢所趨。 二、開放陸生來臺就學政策，應兼顧臺灣學生權益。 三、招收陸生來臺應規劃妥善的相關配套措施，以減少衝擊與疑慮。 四、大學校院應積極發展各自的特色，並提升教育的品質。 五、推動兩岸大學校院的策略聯盟及整合產官學的合作，提升兩岸大學整體競爭力。 / Under the impact of globalization, higher education has entered a highly competitive era. Specialization, liberalization and internationalization of education have also become an unavoidable trend. Therefore, the education and cooperation between Taiwan and China not only show the interaction and development between the two sides of Taiwan Strait, but also equip the meaning of world trend and globalization in this new era. After the presidential election in 2008, the domestic political situation has suffered from a severe transformation in Taiwan. With the change of the political standpoint, the government greatly adjusted the policies toward Mainland China and the policy for Mainland China students studying in Taiwan has emerged again. The main point of this study is to discuss the policy of Mainland China students studying in Taiwan. The study mainly adopted the methods of literature review and policy analysis to explore the potential impacts and problems related to national security, education, culture and economy from several different facets. According to the study, some conclusions has been drawn, i. Due to globalization, the interflow of higher education students has become a tendency. The communication between the students from Taiwan and China, Of course, is also driven by this trend. ii. The government should consider the rights of Taiwanese students at the same time when implementing the policy for Mainland China students studying in Taiwan. iii. To decrease the impact and scruples due to the new policy, the government is obligated to establish a set of proper plans when admitting Mainland China students. iv. Each university in Taiwan is responsible for developing the specific characteristic and promoting the education quality. v. Promote the strategic alliance between the two sides of Taiwan Strait and integrate the cooperation between industry, government and science to strengthen the overall competitiveness of the universities in Taiwan and China.

中共沿襲馬、列主義的宗教觀點，將宗教界定為替共產社會服務的工具，並認為宗教的本質是歷史過程的產物，其作用主要在於統戰或鬥爭的需要，最終將因社會主義的發展而消失，因此建政以來極力打壓、約制大陸境內的宗教及其團體。雖然中共的宗教政策隨著中國大陸社會的變化與全球化的影響，在胡錦濤時期有逐步開放的趨向，惟觀察中共建政以來的宗教政策脈絡，始終維持「開展統戰」和「防範滲透」基調，對臺灣宗教交流政策亦然。 2008年馬政府執政後，兩岸關係逐漸和緩，中共追求兩岸統一的意圖更為明顯，在胡錦濤「對內構建和諧社會、對外共建和諧世界」政策方針下，賦予宗教對臺統戰更大空間，兩岸宗教亦呈現交流活動趨增、境外教派參與增加、交流態樣多元且多為大陸發起等特點，另外中共以兩岸最普遍之媽祖文化做為對臺宗教統戰主軸，逐漸提升交流層級與規模，冀擴大對臺民間統戰成效。綜析胡錦濤近年兩岸宗教交流政策作為，預判中共未來對臺宗教工作，將朝全面爭取臺灣宗教界統一共識；透過宗教交流吸引臺商、信徒赴陸；加強基督教徒等外來宗教交流；以多元管道強化宗教工作成效；聯合抵制境外宗教勢力等面向發展。 綜合各方對兩岸宗教交流的影響評估，臺灣宗教團體能彰顯文化軟實力，在交流中對大陸社會擁有較強的影響力；大陸宗教自由度低度，惟管制宗教已有鬆動，後者跡象應與兩岸宗教交流具有關聯性；未來宗教慈善公益將為兩岸交流重點項目。據此，臺灣方面可在兼顧安全與發展的原則下，積極與大陸進行全面宗教交流，並以拓展宗教信徒、擴大宗教交流範圍，提高宗教自主運作能力，降低中共宗教統戰攻勢；此外，臺灣可以更主動出擊，以大甲鎮瀾宮、湄洲媽祖廟共同以媽祖繞境向聯合國申請非物質文化遺產為例，尋找與大陸更多的宗教合作機會，將兩岸儒、佛、道等傳統宗教，逐漸帶往國際社會，使兩岸共同擔起宗教全球化、中華文化全球化的角色，並藉以消彌兩岸政治、地域區隔的意識籓籬。 / Inheriting the Marxist-Leninist point of view on religion, the Chinese Communist authorities define religion as an instrument that serves the Socialist society. For them, religion is in essence a product of the historical process that serves the needs of the united front or struggles and is destined to fade out as Socialism marches on to the global stage. Therefore, since its establishment, the Chinese Communist regime has spared no effort in cracking down and suppressing religion and religious groups in mainland China. During Hu Jintao’s rule, the Chinese government has eased its stringent policy on religion in response to a changing Chinese society and international trends. But a closer look at the evolution of China’s religious policy reveals that its keynote has remained the same: conducting united front work on religious groups while preventing them from converging or colluding with dissident. This also goes for the Hu Jintao regime’s dealings with Taiwanese religious groups. Since President Ma Ying-jeou to power in 2008, ties between the two sides of Taiwan Straits have gradually thawed and Beijing is have increasing difficulty hiding its ambition for Taiwan’s reunification with the mainland. Moreover, Hu Jintao’s policy to build a harmonious society in China and jointly shape a harmonious world has given religion a renewed role in Beijing’s united front against Taiwan. Religious exchanges between the two sides of Taiwan Straits have been warming and increasingly involve overseas groups. The forms of these exchanges are diverse and many of them are launched by the Chinese side. For instance, Beijing’s religious united front campaign targets believers of Goddess Matsu, the worship of which being common on both sides of the Taiwan Straits. Beijing is pushing for upgrading the level and scale of such exchanges in hopes of producing more results of the united front against Taiwan . An overview of Hu Jintao’s policy on cross-Strait religious exchanges in recent years suggests that Beijing will seek to build consensus on reunification among Taiwan’s religious community, lure Taiwanese businessmen and believers to visit China, step up religious exchanges with Christians and believers of other religions, making progress on religious work through different means and keeping overseas religious forces at bay. Assessments of the implications of cross-Strait religious exchanges indicate that Taiwanese religious groups possess considerable cultural soft power and will be able to exert stronger influence on mainland Chinese society . China accords very limited freedom to local religious groups but is loosening its reins, which can possibly be connected to cross-Straits religious exchanges in recent years . In the future , religious charity events are expected to be the main theme of cross-Strait religious exchanges. Taiwan should actively engage in across-the-board religious exchanges with mainland China as long as it does not present problems for its security and development. Taiwan should focus on recruiting more believers, enlarging the scope of religious exchanges, increasing autonomy of religious groups and fending off mainland Chinese religious united front. In addition, Taiwan can also take the initiative to seek opportunities to cooperate with China to promote Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism on the international stage, e.g. applying for UN recognition of the pilgrimage of China and Taiwan’s Matsu believers to Da-Jia Chen-Lan Temple(Taiwan)and Meizhou Matsu Temple(China) as world cultural heritage. This way, the two sides of the Taiwan Straits will jointly assume the responsibility of promoting Chinese culture and religions in the international community and narrow their political and geographical gaps.

在過去的產業發展經驗中，廠商群聚發展的模式常常是很重要的一個考量，透過群聚能夠產生降低交易成本、整合產業鏈、人才的相互流通等諸多效益，然而隨著時代與環境的變遷，創意慢慢成為廠商或者產業的競爭基礎。這樣的知識經濟時代來臨加上文化創意產業（簡稱文創產業）在各國興起，而為了能夠讓文創產業有適合的發展環境，文創產業的發展與規劃就必須借鏡過去產業發展的經驗，在台灣甚至很多其他國家都選擇以文化創意產業園區（簡稱文創園區）的方式輔導文創產業的發展，因為群聚的模式對過去產業發展是有貢獻的。 台灣目前所規劃的五大文創園區中位在台北市的華山園區是起步最早的一個，目前由台灣文創公司經營，而針對華山園區也有很多質疑的聲音，包括華山經營得太過商業化，甚至排除很多創作者在華山發展的機會等，儘管如此廠商集中群聚在華山園區內部仍然能夠分享到群聚所造成的各種幫助。 透過訪談與文獻分析發現，華山園區的群聚效應對於園內廠商的貢獻有四： (1)華山園區形成並提供跨界合作的平台，園區內的廠商透過跨界的交流與合作促成更多創新。 (2)華山園區開始形成一個文創品牌以後，除了透過高知名度吸引更多顧客以外，也辦理主題性的活動來吸引廠商所需要的目標族群，達成市場區隔。 (3)華山園區能促進人才交流與流動的發生，這樣的過程將有助於廠商的創新行為，在人才培育上華山預期在未來的BOT旗艦中心能有更積極的作為。 (4)華山園區能夠讓廠商與顧客接觸，進一步使組織的知識與顧客互動結合產生如何做（know how）的知識，並且再次透過園區來讓這些知識能夠累積、傳承。 / From past industrial experiences, clusters are considered not only to cut firms’ cost but also integrate their supply chains and other favorable effects. Creativity becomes the base of competition over time and cultural industries had grown up in many countries. In order to make a favorable environment for cultural industries, past industrial experiences are needed because of the big contribution of clusters to past industries. And the cultural industrial cluster mode is not only adopted in Taiwan but also in many other countries. There are 5 cultural industrial clusters in Taiwan. Huashan1914 Creative Park, the first one which was established. Even if there are some criticisms of the park such as about over commercialized operating and artists are crowded out. However, firms in the park shared advantages from this cluster in many ways. Contributions of clusters to cultural industries in Huashan1914 Creative Park’s case can be summed up through literature review and interviews. There are 4 items: (1) Huashan1914 Creative Park offers a platform that firms and individuals share their ideas on it. The ideas on the platform are interdisciplinary. Moreover, the platform also stimulates collaborations and brings more innovations. (2) Since Huashan1914 Creative Park becomes a brand name, it attracts more customers by its high profile and also distinguishes the target customers from the public for firms in the park by holding events. (3) Huashan1914 Creative Park stimulates people to interact with each other and it’s also helpful to firms’ innovations. Moreover, Huashan1914 Creative Park is looking forward to making bigger and more contributions of talent cultivation after it finishes the BOT building. (4) The firms combine their organizational knowledge with the experiences of talking and interacting with customers in Huashan1914 Creative Park, thus the firms have their know how knowledge. And firms cumulate and create much knowledge by the park once again.

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