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台灣汽車工業發展之研究鄭國雄, Zheng, Guo-Xiong Unknown Date (has links)
第一章在說明研究之動機及限制。第二章:說明目前我國汽車製造廠商之資本額,設
備使用情況和汽車及零配件的進出口情況。第三章分五節說明台灣區汽車工業之關稅
及非關稅保護情況,並討論合理的自製率。第四章,分三節,討論台灣汽車工業保護
效果不佳之原因及其經濟影響,並說明台灣汽車工業的重要性。第六章:在討論台灣
最適當的汽車製造廠商的數目,以及是否有必要成立大汽車廠,及大汽車廠成立後是
否能帶動其他廠商的合並或造成君子協定瓜分市場等情況,第七章:如何使台灣汽車
工業成為出口產業,則必先合並國內小廠商,並簡化車型使能大規模生產,及降低成
本。
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高科技產業補貼競爭之研究陳偉智 Unknown Date (has links)
本文建立一賽局理論模型,以分析在跨期的寡占市場中,高科技產業的特性對政府補貼意願的影響。
假設兩國間原本維持自由貿易的局面。若任一國主動採行補貼政策,雖然在當期可使國家福利水準提高,但之後各期則會因對手國也採取補貼,引發兩國間的補貼競爭,而使雙方福利水準下降。根據本文的分析可知,兩國政府的補貼意願會受到網路外部性及R&D外溢效果的影響。
由本文的結果得知,網路外部性的增加代表消費者對該產品的需求增加,故均衡的產量會隨著網路外部性提高。而相容性改變兩國廠商間的競爭關係,也影響兩國政府政策的效果。在產品不完全相容的情況下,網路外部性越高則兩國間發生補貼競爭的可能性也隨之提高;而在產品完全相容的情況下,政府補貼意願將不受網路外部性的影響。另一方面,在其他條件不變下,當產品間的相容性提高,政府補貼的可能性也隨之提高。
在R&D外溢效果的模型中,本文假設第一國為已開發國家,可從事R&D,而第二國為未開發國家,無法從事R&D,但其生產成本仍會因外溢效果而受到已開發國R&D的影響。由本文的結果得知,研發的外溢效果越高,已開發國政府的補貼意願也會提高,但未開發國政府的補貼意願則會降低。當研發的外溢效果等於二分之一時,兩國間發生補貼競爭的可能性最低。
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由WTO民用航空器爭端案論SCM協定補貼及出口補貼之認定 / The determination of subsidies and export subsidies under SCM agreement: an analysis of WTO civil aircraft disputes林良怡 Unknown Date (has links)
由於民用航空器產業之經濟特性,補貼成為該產業發展之必要支柱,然因補貼係不公平之貿易行為,因此在WTO下曾引發數個民用航空器補貼爭端,包括巴西與加拿大間之區域航空器補貼案及美國與歐盟間之大型民用航空器補貼爭議。有鑑於民用航空器產業之特殊性,本文主要之研究目的在於探究SCM協定下對於民用航空器補貼及出口補貼之認定基準。本文以巴西與加拿大間之區域航空器補貼案小組與上訴機構之判定基準為基礎,輔以其他WTO裁決先例,分析「歐盟─大型民用航空器補貼案」美歐訴狀中之主張,試圖推斷本案小組對於爭端措施可能之裁決、解析過往案例中未曾闡釋之補貼要件,以期能進一步釐清SCM協定補貼及出口補貼要件之認定。 / Because of the economic characteristics of the civil aircraft industry, subsidies in practice are deemed necessary for the development of the industry. Subsidy measures taken by WTO members will distort resource allocations, and may have an adverse effect on other members. In this connection, there are 7 civil aircraft subsidy disputes under the WTO so far, including 3 regional civil aircraft disputes between Canada and Brazil and 4 large civil aircraft disputes between the United States and European Communities. In view of the fact that the civil aircraft industry possesses certain special features, the main purpose of the thesis is to analyze the requirements of determination of civil aircraft subsidies and export subsidies under the SCM Agreement. In order to further clarify the determinations of subsidies and export subsidies under the SCM Agreement, the author will take the findings in the Canada and Brazil disputes and other WTO preceding cases as the basis to analyze the arguments in the United States and European Communities written submissions of European Communities- Measures Affecting Trade in Large Civil Aircraft, try to presume the panel rulings of that case, and explore the subsidy conditions never explained by WTO preceding cases.
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匯率不確定性與台灣對中國大陸出口關係 / The Relationship of Exchange Rate Volatility and Taiwan Export to Mainland China曾慧容, Tseng, Hui Jung Unknown Date (has links)
本文探討匯率不確定性與台灣對中國大陸出口之關係,模型中參考Cushman (1986) 觀點加入第三國變數之效果。研究期間以1997年至2010年之季資料,同時考慮總合資料以及部門別資料,並以GARCH估計實質匯率波動性。第三國則利用出口近似度的計算選擇了前四大競爭國,分別為南韓,日本,馬來西亞及新加坡。此外,部門則以HS二碼分類選擇出口至中國大陸前四大之部門,包括機械與電子、精密儀器、橡膠與塑膠類產品及化學品。
本文檢定變數是否有單根。若有單根則進一步檢定這些變數是否存在共整合關係。在確定存在共整合關係後,利用完全修正最小平方法及誤差修正模型進行估計。本文實證結果顯示:匯率不確定性對出口量有負向之影響關係。就部門而言,本文探討的四個部門之結果也反映匯率不確定性對出口具有負向影響,但是以電子產品及塑膠橡膠類之影響最為顯著。 / This paper investigates the relationship between exchange rate volatility and Taiwan’s exports to Mainland China. In the empirical model, the third country effects suggested by Cushman (1986) are considered. GARCH model is employed to estimate real exchange rate volatility. Both aggregate and sectoral quarterly data covering 1997 to 2010 are used in our sample. The third countries are determined by export similarity. The top 4 countries with the highest degree of export similarity are chosen, including South Korea, Japan, Malaysia and Singapore. In addition, the top 4 Taiwan’s exporting sectors are examined respectively, including machinery and electronic equipment, precision equipment, rubber and plastics, chemicals industries.
We first test for unit root of the variables used in the study, and then check the existence of co-integration between the variables with unit root. After confirming the existence of co-integration relationship, we use FMOLS (Fully Modified OLS) and VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) to estimate the coefficients. Our empirical results suggest that there is a significantly negative effect of exchange rate volatility on Taiwan’s total exports. They also indicate that there is a negative relationship between exchange rate volatility and Taiwan’s sectoral exports. Among the top 4 exporting sectors, exchange rate volatility tends to have higher impacts on the machinery and electronic industry as well as chemical industry.
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企業使用雲端運算服務決定因素之研究-以台灣進出口業者為例葉瑜君 Unknown Date (has links)
雲端運算為近年來新興的熱門話題,強調只要透過網路就可以讓使用者依據實際需求彈性地使用計算資源並按照使用量的多寡計費。許多研究報告認為這種將計算、儲存資源以服務形式提供給使用者的租用模式,將有助於節省資訊投資成本而備受企業主矚目;除了節省成本誘因之外,採用雲端運算服務後可能衍生資訊安全、保密的疑慮,也是大家所關注的焦點,因此使用者如何於採用雲端運算服務的決策過程中取得利弊的平衡點相當重要。
本研究將以企業使用者的觀點,探討影響其使用雲端運算服務的決定因素內涵,範疇侷限於台灣的進出口業者。研究根據過去文獻資料,彙整出五個影響使用者決策因素的構面:知覺效益、安全與信任、創新認同程度、知覺有用性以及知覺易用性,並以問卷調查方式進一步瞭解影響企業使用決策的因素;經由問卷調查的結果發現,上述考量構面足以解釋台灣進出口業者使用雲端服務意願百分之六十的變異,而其中影響業者使用意願程度最高的因素為知覺有用性。 / Cloud computing which emphasizes cloud users can elastically leverage computing resources on demand through the internet has recently become a hot issue. Many studies claimed that this rental model of providing storage resources as a service to users would be good for business to save the cost of investing in information technology which attracts lots of business owners. On the other hand, adoption of cloud computing service may arise several concerns like data security, service reliability and so on. In all, it is really hard to strike a balance during the decision-making process whether should business adopt cloud services.
In this research, we explored the determinants of using cloud service form business users’ viewpoints which limited to the import/export industry in Taiwan. Based on past literature, we adopted five dimensions in decision-making: perceived benefits, security and trust, recognition of innovation, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Investigating the findings through questionnaire survey, we found that the above dimensions can explain 60% variation of the causes of adopting cloud services to business users and the most sufficient impact factor is perceived usefulness.
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影響台灣國際貿易因素之實證研究—以我國主要貿易對象、美國以及歐元區為例 / An empirical study in the factors on Taiwan foreign trade周柏祐 Unknown Date (has links)
由於過往文獻在討論國際貿易時多討論匯率波動與外國產出變動對我國出口量的影響,但生產成本對國際貿易的影響也很重要,故本文選擇將國內與外國生產成本納入模型當中,建構一個包含匯率、國內生產成本、貿易條件、出口量、外國產出以及外國生產成本共六個變數的SVAR模型,並分別就我國主要貿易對象、美國以及歐元區三組資料進行分析,討論不同的外國變數是否將對我國出口量與貿易條件產生不同影響。
在國內變數之間的交互影響上,不同的資料實證結果差異並不大。實證結果顯示匯率上升將造成我國出口量短期減少,長期增加,且匯率和貿易條件長期呈現負相關;國內生產成本上升在長期將造成出口量減少,貿易條件改善;貿易條件和出口量兩者之間則呈現反向關係。
不論是在我國主要貿易對象、美國或是歐元區的實證結果都指出,外國產出上升將造成我國出口量在短期上升,長期下降;而當我國主要貿易對象產出上升時,我國貿易條件短期惡化,長期將改善;美國與歐元區的產出上升,則將造成我國貿易條件在短期和長期都惡化。
外國生產成本變動對我國出口量與貿易條件的影響在不同對象中存在不同效果。當美國生產成本上升,在長期將使我國出口量減少、貿易條件改善,但當歐元區生產成本增加時,長期則將造成我國出口量增加、貿易條件惡化。造成結果不同的可能原因為,我國自歐元區進口的商品中包含較多最終商品,因此歐元區生產成本變動對我國生產成本與出口價格影響較小。
實證結果顯示,在長期我國出口量上升往往伴隨著貿易條件的惡化,表示我國在國際貿易發展上可能具有貧困化成長的問題。
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天津外貿的比較利益與影響因素 / Comparative advantage and determinants of foreign trade in Tianjin, China陳瑀彤, Chen, Yu Tung Unknown Date (has links)
2009年中國大陸正式超越德國,成為全球最大出口國,顯示中國大陸在國際貿易市場的重要地位,而天津市以16.4%經濟成長速度成為2011 年中國大陸各省區中,經濟增長最快速的城市。同時,也為英國《經濟學人智庫》2012年公布全球最具經濟競爭力城市。中國大陸傳統產業升級,天津市經濟轉型成功,以及天津市具有沿海的外貿地緣及資源優勢,外貿帶動經濟發展前景不容小覷。
本研究針對天津市外貿及觀察各類出口產品結構變化,以SITC國際貿易標準分類,以顯著性比較利益法及波士頓矩陣分析,探討天津市各項出口產品的比較利益分析。
此外,本研究利用實證模型分析影響天津整體出口額之因素中,將各項自變數分類為要素因素、外部拉動因素以及金融因素之三大影響因素,研究方法先以進行單根檢定(unit-root test),確定變數資料成為定態(stationary),再以迴歸分析方式,藉此檢驗各項變數與天津外貿之間因果關係為何。 / China overtaken Germany as the world's top merchandise exporter in 2009 from WTO data, demonstrates trade status of China in the international trade market. Tianjin posted the fastest growth rates of 16.4 percent among the provinces in China in 2011 as well as ranked as top city in 2012 of economic strength in the global competitiveness by EIU. Trade transition from traditional industry in China transformed the impetus of foreign trade successfully bringing economy prospects in Tianjin with superiority of geography and resources.
The research utilized RCA and BCG analysis to observe significance and comparative advantage of each kind of Tianjin’s export products classified by SITC international trade standard method. Moreover, the research selected several affects factors categorized as fundamental element、global propelling and financial factor to examine each variable would be influential and the relation on foreign trade in Tianjin by regression analysis.
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進入台灣堅果原料供應鏈策略以Z公司為例 / The strategies of entering tree nuts supply chain in Taiwan: a case study of Z company林立翰, Lin, Lee Han Unknown Date (has links)
本次採取個案研究方式,針對一家經營堅果原料出口貿易的中間商,藉著全球強勁的買方需求開始進入堅果原料市場。此公司座落在原料的產地,容易取得第一手的價格與產業情報,讓他們擁有資訊不對稱的優勢,來進行原料的銷售。
針對該中間商從銷售基本單位、銷售八大步驟、採購小組中心、4C架構、垂直整合等五個方式進行探討。此中間商成功進入台灣堅果原料供應鏈,主要在於能與上游供應鏈簽訂短期商品合約,保有原料價格的競爭力,並且能在其他競爭對手無原料時,適時提供客戶商品。在開發台灣市場發展的前期,由堅果原料供應鏈的下游開始,一路往上游尋找台灣的潛在客戶。此中間商取得下游廠商的信任後,運用彼此的關係取得上游買家的信任,加快銷售程序,以及減少採購單位的疑慮。個案中,該中間商曾試著透過策略聯盟的方式,與台灣小型網購業者進行堅果銷售,最後卻以失敗收場。
實際訪談個案公司與蒐集資料後,透過理論架構分析發現,一家企業公司要進入市場的前期,若花費精神調查供應鏈的結構來發掘潛在買家對象,且瞭解實際的需求與市場的競爭狀況後,再借助企業本身優勢,可成功取得代表性的客戶,容易成為此供應鏈的一員。但,隨著外部環境改變,企業的優勢是否會跟著改變,也是其個案企業未來尚須解決的議題。 / This research takes a tree nut exporting company, the Z Company, as case study to evaluate how the company took advantage of both strong international tree nut raw material demand and first-hand industrial and price information to enter the tree nut exporting industry. By facilitating its location advantage, which the company is located in the tree nut farm, the Z Company is able to hold first-hand information to create information asymmetry as advantage to sell the tree nut raw material.
In the beginning stage in developing Taiwanese market, Z Company started and earned trusts from customers located in downstream tree nuts supply chain, and then took further steps to move upstream by exploiting the established trusts as references to gain trusts from the customers located in the upper stream of the supply chain. By doing so, Z Company was able to speed up the purchasing process and minimize the doubts for purchasing managers. In addition to this, Z Company also formed strategic alliance with a small Taiwanese online store to penetrate the market but did not receive much result.
This research uses the concepts of basic sales unit, 8 steps to establish sales and customer relationship management, 4C framework of strategic marketing, and vertical integration to evaluate the developing path of Z Company. The research found that the reason why Z Company can successfully enter the tree nuts supply chain in Taiwan is that Z Company is able to sign shirt-term merchandise supply contract with the suppliers to ensure the competitiveness in price and secure the product supply, while on the other hand offers timely supply of material to the customers when other competitors fail to fulfill the product demand.
This research discovered that in the beginning stage of market entry, it is ideal to utilize the company’s resources to discover who the potential buyers are and what the real market demand and the degree of competitiveness is. Then, the company should take its interior strength to acquire customers with industry influence as representative case so that it can easily become one of the members in the supply chain. However, as the external environment changes, the company’s advantages in the industry are very likely to change as well, therefore how to respond to such change will be the future development issue for the company.
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貿易自由化對臺灣服務業薪資與就業的影響 / Empirical Evidence for Trade Liberalization on Wage and Employment in Taiwan Service Sectors顏婉庭, Yen, Wanting Unknown Date (has links)
由於科技發展及各國法規的調整,使服務業的發展得以全球化,服務貿易的 成長動能相當大。從總體的角度來看,服務業亦對經濟成長扮演重要角色。由於 我國是一個小型開放經濟體,國內服務業市場與國際市場接軌程度日益加深,因 此有必要探討服務貿易對薪資及就業之影響。
本研究為探討貿易自由化與對外投資如何影響國內服務業勞動市場,合併 2011 年至 2015 年人力運用調查之個體樣本、與行業別之進出口、對外直接投資 等統計資料,使用 Probit 模型估計進出口貿易與對外投資對我國就業的影響,使 用 Heckman two-stage selection 模型估計進出口貿易與對外投資對我國薪資的影 響,並進一步使用 Quantile 模型估計在不同薪資水準下,勞工受到貿易自由化衝 擊的程度是否不同。
實證結果顯示:(1) 貿易對國內就業與薪資的影響依據貿易方向而有所不同, 出口有正向影響,進口有負向影響;(2) 對外投資對國內就業與薪資的影響,依 據被投資國之所得高低而有不同,對外投資至高所得國家有正向影響,對外投資 至低所得國家則有負向影響;(3) 職業別層級貿易指標能更正確衡量勞工受到的 貿易自由化衝擊;(4) 職業別層級貿易指標能更正確衡量勞工受到的貿易自由化 衝擊。
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從GATT論進口數量之限制:以我國紡織品出口配額為例林獻群, LIN, XIAN-GUN Unknown Date (has links)
近幾年來,貿易設限已成為各國公共政策關心的對象。先進國家許多產業經常引用GA
TT第十九條之「逃避條款」(Escape Clause )從而取得免受國外競爭之保護。另外
以雙邊談判模式進行之「自動出口設限」(Voluntary Export Restraints )亦是先
進國家為規避GATT監視所為之設限方式。此類保護措施通常以進口數量限制方式出現
而對開發中國家之經濟發展造成莫大的損害。本文即對此二方式之進口設限加以研究
,並以「多邊纖維協定」(Mutifiber Arrangement )下之紡織品貿易,說明紡織品
數量限制對我國所產生之影響。
全文共分五章,第一章緒論,說明研究動機與範圍。第二章敘述進口數量限制之性質
及其經濟效果。第三章以法律觀點論述GATT逃避條款之運作及其與自動出口設限之關
係。第四章就紡織品貿易數量限制為例。說明多邊纖維協定之主要內容,藉以討論我
國的紡織品貿易問題。第五章為結論與建議。
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