本研究將探討已處於穩定發展階段的個案企業，如何在競爭環境中設計定位出與製造服務業之客製化策略互相配合的策略，有效地將營運策略、擴大企業實力與規模經濟相互整合，從而尋求提高技術水準、工人素質、產品品質的有效途徑。本研究將做出整合企業內部核心競爭力的分析、競爭優勢在產品市場的表現、競爭劣勢、機會與威脅的分析比較，並篩選與執行適合本個案公司特色的營運策略，從而取得競爭優勢，獲得經營業績。 本研究從個案公司內外部競爭優劣勢分析及企業現階段的發展特色之中，篩選出與企業自身發展相配合的差異化策略，即客戶服務的差異化，使個案公司能比競爭對手更有效率地為買方提供更有附加價值的差異化產品、能夠有效做出產品品質的差異化、能將知識管理與人力資源管理有效地整合在一起，而使得人力資源管理成為了真正“策略管理”的核心，從而有效形成與營運策略互相吻合的動態組織結構。 本研究首先從三個維度（策略維度、文化維度、學習和創新維度），系統地對公司內部管理情況加以深入地分析，來研究所亟須解決的重要問題。本研究從策略維度研究企業的策略目標、組織結構、內部工作流程、內部資訊溝通、人力資源的開發與評估以及公司的制度建構；從文化維度來研究企業核心價值觀的確立，並運用深層思維的價值觀來打造企業不敗的竅門；從學習和創新的維度來研究建構出學習型組織對企業營運的重要意義。 本研究之重點由個案公司簡介及個案研究與分析所組成。個案公司簡介部分描述了致綺國際有限公司成立二十多年來的公司沿革、經營理念、公司定位、公司策略、策略執行、公司組織架構、 深圳公司組織架構、主要產品、美国BERGQUIST產品、主要客户、生產能力、銷售額、品質政策、品質目標、绝缘片產品作業流程、導熱片產品作業流程、品質控制流程圖、個案公司之終極學習標的:Brady公司簡介與經營歷程及經營績效，其中重點介紹了致勝深圳電器配件廠的經營方式與管理改善計劃。 個案公司簡介主要分四部分來加以闡述:一、致綺國際有限公司之公司沿革簡介，包括致綺國際有限公司各地公司之分佈及公司組織架構，致綺國際有限公司所生產之主要產品類別及銷售額等。二、深圳致勝電器配件廠組織架構之介紹。三、深圳致勝電器配件廠之生產系統及管理。四、從銷售情形、庫存狀況、毛利率及競爭優勢等構面闡述了致綺國際有限公司最近之營運績效。 個案研究與分析部分主要從管理持續改善的全方位角度，分析了致綺國際有限公司未來經營成功的關鍵性績效指標(Key Performance Index,KPI)如下:一、提升工程作業能力，以主動、迅速、正確，服務內外部客戶。二、持續提升生產效率，以正確（Q）、低成本（C）、迅速（D）之優勢來滿足客戶的需求。三、強化組織架構權責、人員培訓體系，以建立優質人力資源。四、強化資材供應與管理能力，以適質、適量、適價優勢提升競爭力。五、精實品質管理系統，以降低客戶抱怨。六、員工生活品質優化，以降低員工流動率。七、提高核心競爭優勢。八、強化企業文化與價值。九、強化企業領導模式。十、 強化產品資訊與客戶支援解決方案。十一、強化個案公司之市場目標。十二、有效強化管理、彈性應變與工程執行能力。十三、以客為尊，提高客戶滿意度，策略方向聚焦與定位於行銷服務業。十四、高素質的材料有效地支援了產品、元件及其他資產。十五、確保運用適當的員工，適時適地來強化安全性。十六、緊縮與裁撤不必要之間接部門，全面緊縮成本。十七、聚焦於利基市場及新產品，重新定位利基策略。十八、將公司的總管理處、研發設計、業務、財務儘量維持駐在地深圳。 / This thesis analyzes the corporate strategy of the case company Everfame International Co., Ltd, which becomes customized at a steady development stage gradually .How to propose a good corporate strategy according to the competitive environment and the company’s real status is the first priority of the case company. The key point is how to improve the quality level of the technology and production. It thoroughly is a critical issue for combining corporation strategy with building up the strength of the case company. This article combines company’s internal core competitiveness. It contains competitive strength、 competitive weakness、 opportunities and threats. The suitable strategy must be adaptive to the company’s real characteristic and strengthen to improve the company’s operational performance. A differentiation strategy is focused on the development of a product or service that offers unique attributes that are valued by customers, and the customers perceive to be better and different from the products of the competitive rivals. The value added by the uniqueness of the product may allow the case company to charge a premium price for it. The case company expects that the higher price will be more than covering the extra costs incurred in offering the unique product and service. Therefore, Using the above core competency, The case company can combine the unique domain knowledge and excellent human resource management to construct a dynamic and flexible organization , and focused on catching up the economic scale of their ultimate target: rolemodel company Brady as the long term visional mindset of The case company.

本研究之問題意識為消費主義與公共事務涉入之關係。藉由消費主義轉化公共事務涉入的相關論點，分析中國大陸城鄉白領青年在感染相異消費主義的程度後，進而解釋他們對公共事務涉入的態度和行為；透過此，以闡述中國大陸兼蓄併存的城市消費個人主義與農村集體主義的價值體系差異。 研究發現，消費主義的確抑制個人對公共事務涉入的程度。其中，透過本文假說進而涵蓋三組不同層次的意義：首先，城市白領青年高感染消費主義，因此對城市公共事務涉入消極；其次，農村白領青年低感染消費主義，致使對農村公共事務涉入積極熱情；第三，農村白領青年低感染消費主義，但因非我家園之故，導致他們疏離城市公共事務的涉入。 城市白領青年對公共事務低涉入的原因體現在生活即消費的個人本位思想，並藉追求與他者的品位區隔和消費符號以突顯自我，致使他們對經濟穩定的現狀有著較高需求，因此不會出現反抗、異議或關於改變政治情況的訴求。此外，城市白領青年對群體的身分認同訴求亦透過消費達成，並出現諸如攀比、競逐消費等情形。另一方面，當物質條件不足以融入某群體的消費方式時，便會出現被排斥在外、或納入其內的群體身分認同現象。當城市白領青年考量如何兼顧、維持自身的社會資本網絡時，他們多數會投注時間關切自身所認同或歸屬的團體，最終導致對公共或社區集體事務涉入的冷漠回應。 另一方面，農村白領青年高涉入家鄉公共事務的原因，主要來自於農村的集體主義特色。出生、成長於農村集體主義環境的白領青年，由於低感染消費主義，所以對公共事務有著較高的熱情。無論是村事務抑或國政相關的討論均賴以農村群體網絡頻繁往來的特色，以及因集體主義所創造出的集體價值信念。 再者，當農村白領青年在城市工作時，卻因仍受集體主義思維所影響，使他們對消費少有符號性追求或無節制的購買行為。此外，由於生長於經濟匱乏的內地農村，所以他們會將自己在城市工作所得部分匯回家鄉以維繫、改善家鄉父母兄弟的生活環境，並同時將消費限制在理性的購買之上。同時，從外地省份大舉遷入城市工作的農村白領青年，由於其在人口意義上仍呈現流動性質，再加上多透過租賃的方式居住，因此他們最終不一定會在城市落戶或常住久居。這便致使他們沒有動因涉入小區的公共事務，因而出現農村白領青年在城市低涉入、農村高涉入公共事務的情形。然而，他們亦可將對集體的熱情轉移在國政事務的關注上，透過此際以排解他們對於公共事務的熱情追求。 / The dissertation focuses on the relationships between consumerism and the involved in China’s local governance—the residents’ committee and the owners’ committee of young middle class came from city and the rural area. Through discovering the different levels of infecting consumerism explaining how the young middle class’ origins from city and the rural area have diverse attitudes and behaviors in public affairs respectively. Based on several case studies, I defined that the three hypotheses explaining my arguments given above. First of all, the urban young middle class has been infected more consumerism that they rather pay attention to consume than involve in public issues. Secondly, the rural young middle class has been affected by the Chinese collectivism from traditional village; consequently, they take notice of public matters in their hometown. On the other hand, despite the rural young middle class has been infected the lower consumerism in contrast to the urban one, however, living and working in the city where not their hometown but only a temporary residence is. Therefore, the rural young middle class lacks for the reasons to involve in public affairs in the city; nevertheless, they transfer their passion and positive behaviors in collective matters to take more care of political issues of the nation during the period when they stay on in the city. In conclusion, after being infected the higher level of consumerism, the urban young middle class involves negatively in public affairs of their own communities which is a common phenomenon. Furthermore, conversely to the urban one, the rural young middle class puts their positive convictions of involved in public matters into action. It is interesting to note that there are great differences between the former and the latter; indeed, the two types of young middle class came from distinct regions have been infected diverse consumerism leading their involved in public affairs to proceed in opposite directions.

非語言敏感度（nonverbal sensitivity）指正確察覺與解釋他人非語言訊息的能力。過去研究發現女性的非語言敏感度優於男性，可以權力取向或社會角色理論解釋。權力取向認為女性在社會上缺乏權力，故需展現良好的非語言敏感度保障自己權益。社會角色理論認為女性擔任，或被期待擔任照顧者，因此培養良好的非語言敏感度。本研究同時探討權力取向與社會角色理論，嘗試比較兩個理論對非語言敏感度性別差異的解釋。本實驗採用兩人互動，透過權力差異的操弄與不同的議題（經濟提供者議題或照顧者議題）討論，探討互動時的非語言敏感度。每位受試者還觀看四部影片，測量無動機影響的非語言敏感度。結果顯示權力差異可解釋兩人互動的非語言敏感度，且資料型態符合權力差異者的動機解釋。而觀看影片時，相較於探討經濟提供者議題受試者，探討照顧者議題受試者有較佳的非語言敏感度。此外我們亦發現性別、權力與社會角色三因子交互作用，非語言敏感度會受到實驗分派的社會角色是否符合生理性別的傳統作業影響，符合預期狀態理論的觀點。 / Nonverbal sensitivity refers to the ability to accurately detect and decode nonverbal cues communicated by others. Past research showed that women enjoy superior nonverbal sensitivity over men. Power perspective and social role theory each provides explanations for women's superior nonverbal sensitivity. Power perspective suggests that due to the lack of power in the society, women count on their nonverbal sensitivity to get what they want and for protection. Social role theory suggests that women are more likely to be in or are usually expected to be in caretaker roles, which require their attending to others' verbal or nonverbal cues. As a result, women develop superior nonverbal sensitivity compared to men. We designed an experimental study to test explanations offered by power perspective and social role theory. In the experiment, two individuals were told to collaborate on a task either required them to be in the provider role mode (focusing on earning money) or caretaker role mode (focusing on taking care of others). Power difference was manipulated by assigning one of the two individuals to be a leader and the other follower in this task. Interactions were recorded upon participants’ consent. After interaction, the participants were asked to interpret nonverbal cues in their interaction. They were also told to view four video clips, and then report and interpret nonverbal cues in each video clip. The results suggest that nonverbal sensitivity in interaction can be best accounted for by explanations consistent with the power perspective. The powerful was better at “B sees Self” nonverbal sensitivity, and the powerless was better at “B sees Me” nonverbal sensitivity, consistent with motivational explanations. In addition, we found a three-way interaction of participant sex, power, and social role, suggesting that women had the best “B sees Me” sensitivity when they had no power and were in the provider role. And men showed the best “B sees Self” sensitivity when they had power and were in the provider role. The three-way interaction finding is consistent with predictions made by expectation states theory. However, when viewing four video clips, participants in the caretaker role had better nonverbal sensitivity than those in the provider role. Motivation was offered to account for the differential effects of power and social roles. By analyzing clips of the dyadic interactions, we found that the powerful showed more leader behavior such as deciding discussion direction, and the powerless showed more follower behavior such as stammering. However, the results of the clips did not account for the aforementioned findings of nonverbal sensitivity.

近年來服務創新風起雲湧，由服務科學在世界研究之進展，可以看出「服務科學」將成為下一個熱門學科的風潮。國內外著名大學或研究中心投入甚多資源於服務科學之研究與人才培育，就算是製造業，對於服務的提供亦是相當重視，希望透過服務增加價值、強化競爭力，以利與同業進行對抗。因此在現今服務相關的學術領域中，如何透過服務創新以強化競爭力就變得是重要的議題。 本研究以服務創新為架構針對流程差異化進行探討，選擇我國筆記型電腦代工產業進行研究，期望能幫產業找到出路，也為服務創新開創新猷。我國筆記型電腦代工產業由於對於國際大廠之忠誠度與服務滿意度均獲肯定，是故世界上有90%的筆記型電腦代工均是由我國廠商進行，本研究以服務創新解析筆記型電腦產業，進而了解其流程差異化對於競爭力之影響。 本研究將使用Rob Bilderbeek與Pim DenHertog等學者於1998年8月發表之論文中指出服務創新的四個構面進行個案撰寫，素材則是深度訪談與次級資料並用，個案的公司是我國筆記型電腦第一大廠－廣達電腦（Quanta），以及由研究者立意選的華宇電腦（Arima）與精英電腦（Elitegroup）。最後將產業分析與個案分析進行比對，做出本研究之結論與建議，並針對流程差異化在筆記型電腦產業所引發的服務創新相關議題進行省思。 / The service innovation in Taiwan has been thriving in recent years. With the development of service science, we can see its future potential to be the next trend of popular study. Many famous colleges and research centers all over the world invest a lot in research of service science and the cultivation of the experts. Even a manufacturing industry will put a high emphasis on its services. They hope to compete with their counterparts by adding the value and strengthening their competiveness through service. Therefore, how to strengthen competitiveness through service innovation has become an important issue. This research will use service innovation as a framework to discuss process differentiation, expecting to find much more profound thoughts of innovation services and then open a new gate for industry. Taiwan’s notebook computer fundry industry composes 90 percent in the world market thanks to the acknowledgement from global brand-names in terms of loyalty to the brand and satisfaction of service. This research will analyze the notebook industry from the aspect of service innovation and then the effect of process differentiation has on competitiveness. Rob Bilderbeek and Pim DenHertog’s essay in August 1998 discussing service innovation in four dimensions are used in my essay, which are: new service concept, new client interface, new service delivery system and technological options. Interviews in depth and secondary data will be used at the same time. The case studies included are Quanta, Arima and Elitegroup. Quanta have the largest scale in Taiwan notebook industry which may be resulted from their service innovation that enhances their competitiveness. Through their case, I hope to find the edge of those similar companies in Taiwan. To sum up, this research touches on the innovation services especially of notebook computer industry. Comparing industry analysis and case study can lead us to think about the following issues: whether service innovation is easy to be come up with, whether there are too many similar aspects in this industry, what competitive situation or custom can lead to such a desirable result, and how we can deal with the problem when there are too many people doing the same thing.

現代化與工業化改變了人們的生活方式，也對傳統的家庭型態與關係造成莫大的影響。在世界各國，同樣也面臨家庭解組、傳統價值逐漸瓦解的問題，隨著離婚率的逐年攀升，傳統家庭道德對現代人的規範力逐漸式微。這些現象意味著，若我們要理解台灣家庭或婚姻情況的真實樣貌，我們必須得先瞭解影響台灣離婚率和行為背後的離婚態度為何？而影響離婚態度的因素又是什麼？ 本研究所採用的是台灣社會變遷調查資料庫1984、1995、2000和2005年共四年份的調查資料。在這四年的問卷題組當中，受訪者都被問到「夫妻不合而離婚有沒有錯？」之相同問題。藉由長時期、相同問題重複的資料特性，並結合「階層式年齡-時期-世代別」之分析模型，本研究從個人層次、時期層次和世代層次來探討影響離婚態度變遷和差異的重要因素，進而描繪出台灣社會在過去二十多年的變遷軌跡。 本研究發現：首先，因為在婚姻市場上男性獲益較大，且女性隨教育提升、經濟獨立機會大增，女性對於傳統的婚姻價值會比男性更易鬆動，並且較能接受離婚。其次，男性和女性隨生命歷程的轉變，年齡效果沒有呈現非線性關係的倒U型趨勢。第三，在戰後嬰兒潮時期以及嬰兒潮之後出生的世代，對於離婚行為傾向較能接受；反之，出生於戰前和二戰期間的世代，對於離婚行為都會比較保守。第四，當外在社會瀰漫著一股離婚的風氣時，個人容易受周遭同儕和整體環境的影響，覺得離婚並非一件負面的事情，形成離婚世俗化的潮流，所以當社會的總體離婚率愈高的時候，人們的離婚態度就會愈開放。另外，在自變項與控制變項方面，受過高等教育者和白領職業的女性，其對離婚行為會偏向贊同和接受，而有宗教信仰者則會傾向保守並反對。

本文以國家行動為研究目標，意欲探究的是中共政治行動對農民抗議產生的影響以及遭遇農民抗議時中共政治行動的回應。其中，主要探討的是中共中央與地方行動上的差異性。兩者行動上的差異在本文中一方面認定為導致農民抗議產生的外部環境因素（即政治機會），一方面據以探究面對農民抗議時中共中央與地方在回應時所採取的政治行動分別為何。 本文以政治機會結構理論及國家與社會互動理論作為研究理論，並在「中央—地方—農民」三分的分析框架下，提出中央與地方的差異作為研究面向。整理農民抗議的定義、特點、方式、類型及成因時，並討論與之相關的農民權益。在探究行動上的差異對農民抗議的影響以及面對農民抗議時中央與地方的各自行動時，本文從稅費問題及土地徵用來看行動差異對農民抗議的影響，而中央政府的回應行動包括國家重建、事件定調、策略防範以及守住底線。基層政權的回應行動則分別就「官方論調」、「力量對比」、「對上訪時幹部行動的參酌」、「秩序共識下的行動劇碼」，以及「角色扮演」等予以解讀。 / State action is regarded as the research target, intending for the influence on peasant protest by PRC’s action and the response to peasant protest by PRC. Focusing on these two topics, action discrepancy in central-local relations is what I’d like to discuss in this research. For one thing, action discrepancy is seen as the outer environmental factor that brings about the begin of peasant protest. For another, based on action discrepancy,while responding to peasant protest, what the central do and what the local do can be explored. Based on the political opportunity structure theory and the state-society interaction theory, and analyzed on the framework of “central-local–peasant” tripartition, this research presents the discrepancy in central-local relations as main dimension. While definitions, characters, measures, types, and reasons concerning peasant protest are organized, peasant rights and interests are also discussed. The influence on peasant protest by action discrepancy and the actions separately by the central and the local when encountering peasant protest are then explored. This research examines the influence through tax-fee problem and land expropriation, and then concludes that the central actions include state-rebuilding, affair-identifying, strategy-guarding, and deadline-defending, and moreover, interprets the local regime’s actions in such ways like “official-like statement”, “power contrast”, “reference to local cadres’action toward peasant appealings to higher levels(shangfang)”, “act performance on the consensus of order”, and “role play”.

購屋與生育同為家庭生命周期重大事件，在高房價低生育率時代，家庭行為的改變，受到政府機關及社會、經濟學者的關注。過去研究指出，購屋及生育行為的連結建立在對家庭的資源與需求，彼此不僅存在資源競爭關係，亦因家庭生命周期的穩定效果，而提高家庭對另一事件的需求。考量家戶對於擁有房子與孩子的次序偏好相異，其家庭資源分配及需求亦不盡相同，故本研究從家庭資源、需求及家庭偏好探討高房價背景下家戶購屋與生育行為的關係；運用中央研究院調查之華人家庭動態資料庫(PSFD)，針對1934~1984年出生之受訪者資料，建立存活模型進行分析。 探討主題有三：一、探討資源排擠效果與生命周期穩定效果對於購屋及生育行為的影響以及影響程度隨時間變化的情形。二、探討購屋對家戶生育行為的影響途徑。三、探討家戶生育事件對購屋年齡影響之世代差異。實證結果，家庭資源及需求對購屋及生育事件的影響為一動態過程。在高房價時期，先生育家戶婚後購屋機率增加，卻有較年長的男性購屋年齡。而先購屋家戶有較年輕的男性購屋年齡，生育機率卻較低。購屋年齡存在世代差異，先生育家戶的購屋年齡隨世代先提前後增加，先購屋家戶的購屋年齡則呈年輕化趨勢。 本研究成果有助於瞭解家庭購屋及生育行為的關係，作為住宅及衛生福利單位於制定獎勵生育、安親托育或住宅福利政策參考。為讓家庭安心培育下一代，建議政策研擬制定應考量家庭偏好差異性、住宅政策及獎勵生育政策關聯性等，並使房價回歸合理及健全安親托育制度，以有效解決高房價、低生育率的社會問題。

本研究主旨是從人力資本理論以及勞動市場條件的觀點，來探討原、漢族群的工資不平等之現象根源。長久以來，原住民從成長、學校教育，到進入職場，莫不受各種條件的不足所制，以至於與主流社會的社經處境有難以克服的落差。本研究採用2007年「社會變遷基本調查第五期第三次」階層組以及休閒組調查，和2007年「臺灣原住民社會變遷與政策評估調查研究」，三筆具代表性且規模相近的面訪資料、共2393位私部門受雇者來加以比較。透過群體加權校正，本研究首先透過多元迴歸與交互作用分析，來探討兩族群的人力資本和勞動市場條件與工資取得高低之間的關係。接著，再以經Heckman校正Blinder-Oaxaca差異分解，來分析兩族群工資落差中的結構與現象差異。 研究結果顯示，人力資本和勞動市場條件能說明原住民族與漢人之間，確有工資上的族群歧視現象。原住民教育的工資報酬率在義務教育階段後即無顯著效果，而不同於漢人能持續成長；不論是年資、職業聲望或是工作型態，原住民的工資報酬率都顯著也比漢人低落，且影響更勝教育差異。這些現象即使是在差異分解校正結構差異後依舊存在。是故，既有量化研究除了從教育面向來探討原、漢族群社經不平等之外，實應持續重視原住民族進入職場後，所面對的勞動市場問題。 / The aim of this research is to study the wage gap between aborigines and Han Chinese in Taiwan. The research explores the impacts of human capital and labor market conditions on the wage gap. Throughuot the life course trajectories of schooling and labor market participation, aborigines in Taiwan persistently face dire straits, resulting in insurmountable soci-economic gaps with Han Chinese. The data sources of the research are from Taiwan Social Changy Survey (TSCS) 2007, Phase 5, Wave 3: The Social Stratification module and The Leisure Time module, and Social Change and Policy of Taiwanese Indigenous Peoples Survey (TIPS) 2007, which are representative to the adult population in Taiwan. The total sample sizes are 2393 employees in private sector and roughly equal in size between two ethnics. With weighting, regression interaction effects were estimated to analyze the impacts of human capital and labor market conditions on wage differences between aborigines and Han Chinese. Moreover, the research uses two-steps Heckman selection model to correct selection bias of labor marke participation as well as Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition to analyze the ethnic disparities in wage. The finding of interaction models show that human capital and labor market conditions can explain the wage gap and reveal the negative effects of discrimination against aborigines. While only the compulsory education has positive effects on aborigines’ wage, Han Chinese could benefit from all stage of education. Job tenures, occupational prestiage, and employment types are more benefitical to Han Chinese than to aborigines, and the impacts of these factors on wage are greater than education. These results are also consistent with decomposition analysis. Other than education inequality, the finding of this research suggests that future studies of ethnic disparities in soci-economic inequality should concern more about ethnic differences in labor market conditons.

對於已開發國家而言，都市土地的開發往往趨於飽和，因此多藉助舊有土地再開發之策略增加居住或者使用空間，並以此為「公共利益」而證立其正當性。然而，開發行為亦涉及諸多對人權之干預，尤其在強制拆遷的執行上，一方面侵害既有居住者之私人與家庭生活，另方面則因欠缺程序權保障而徒增糾紛。同時，因為臺灣當前對強制拆遷之司法論述，仍聚焦於財產權範疇，而使司法人權保障難以及於非正式住居者。 本文擬以非正式住居之居住權保障為中心，整合人權法治與政治思想，透過國際人權法與當代正義理論的詮釋，以討論公權力主張公共利益執行強制拆遷之界限。本文主張，衡平權利衝突之公共利益，應進一步以差異政治之觀點加以審視。法律做為一種權利保障機制，應避免制度設計對於對社會弱勢形成壓迫、支配。故自承認政治的觀點出發，非正式住居者亦應受正當法律程序保障，才是社會正義實踐之基礎。 / For developed countries, urban region was overdeveloped. Facing with this condition, the government used to resort to the strategy of urban renew, trying to make the most efficient use of the urban land and claim the renew project was based on the public interest. However, the urban renew project execution often violate the human right condition, especially the execution of forced eviction. In Taiwan, the government disobeyed the due process principle, infringed the right to respect for private and family life. The process also resulted the conflict between government and citizens. Such kind of dilemma reveals that the legal protection of housing right was limited primarily to the property rights, and it’s also the reason why informal settlement resident in Taiwan still couldn’t acquire the legal protection. In this article, we will focus on the housing right of the informal settlement and ascertain the boundary of the public interest in which created by urban renew, by the international humanitarian law and contemporary justice theory perspectives. In the end, from the point of the politics of difference, we consider that the informal-settled resident still should have the legal due process protection. The law should protect the social vulnerable from the oppression and domination of the injustice institution.

李仁芳(2000) 對創新組織提到以下看法，創新需要動員內心深處最深刻的理智與情感資源。如果企業文化氛圍只鼓勵組織成員追索Know What、Know How，以致於Know Why的知識上的好奇心，但文化氛圍中卻缺少對同仁Care Why的支持與對同仁本人Care的溫暖與慈心，這樣的智價創新企業競爭力是不能持久的。最具創新震憾力的靈感（inspiration）孕育自最溫柔的胎床。新的聲音與新的視野的孕育，需要溫暖與紀律、歡愉與智慧間適當的拿捏與平衡。可見創新環境是多麼的重要。 本研究之目的，主要欲探討台灣新創網路公司對於創新環境的設計研究，以多元成員造成的差異性帶來的創新衝擊，配合組織平台的設計及管理技巧來探討，成員差異性則採認知心理學的角度，探討認知差異對組織衝突的意義，如何建立創造性的組織衝突，帶給組織創新的原動力。本研究期望透過個案問卷及開放式訪談的方式，進一步瞭解、並歸納出網路產業中核心團隊互動的模式及成功經驗累積的方法，以期找出網路產業中較適合的創新環境設計。 本研究主要採取個案訪談及思考風格問卷施測，並透過初級訪談資料加上次級資料作個案分析，思考風格問卷分析時，將十三類的思考風格分成三大類分析，第一大類主要為思考風格的行事作風；第二大類主要為思考風格的心理自治型態；第三大類為幅度、範圍、傾向。 本研究主要的研究發現如下： 壹、 網路公司團隊成員多元性與創新表現 一、 網路公司多元性越高，創新表現越佳 二、 網路公司多元團隊角色扮演越完整，創新表現越佳 ；反之，多元團隊角色扮演越不全，創新表現越差 貳、 網路公司組織平台設計與創意表現關係 一、 網路公司中溝通形式設計多元管道之email及intranet，扮演創新表現中的知識累積及點子擷取的平台。 二、 網路公司中，實體物理環境對知識累積的重要性被IT科技取代。 三、 網路公司最常用啟發技巧運用中的腦力激盪作為主要點子擷取的方式。 參、 網路公司中專案領導人在創新表現上扮演的角色 一、 不同類型網路公司領導人對於智慧財產權看法影響智慧財產權的擁有數目。 二、 網路公司的CEO透過容忍智慧型失敗、塑造關懷（Care）與學習的組織環境。 肆、 網路公司創新表現之觀察 一、 網路公司中相當重視經驗傳承，有助於日後的創新表現。 二、 網路公司中有失敗經驗，有助於創新績效。 伍、 綜合發現 一、 網路公司團隊成員的思考風格在三大類分析中各有不同的偏向，思考風格可與創新環境相配合。 二、 網路公司組織文化配合團隊成員的思考風格適合創新表現 第一類思考風格，網路公司團隊成員多屬於立法型與第三類中的自由型有相關，皆為有助於創新表現的思考風格。 第二類思考風格中，網路團隊成員皆屬於階級分明型，而網路公司組織文化對於團隊運作皆採責任制且授權程度高，這對於自主性需求較高的階級分明型成員有助於創新表現。 第三類思考風格中，網路團隊成員多屬於外在型及自由型，只要組織環境與思考風格相符，則團隊成員的創新表現較佳。 / Under the rapid-changing environment, it is not possible that a firm's capabilities can hold sustainable competitive strength forever, as the master told “innovation or die”. A good organization platform can incubate the capacity for high creativity. Now the internet fever spreads to the whole world. Taiwan companies have the opportunity to catch up. Thesis help can analysis the key components that influences the innovation process in the internet companies. Therefore we can find a better organization form to provoke more innovation performances. Objectives From the viewpoint of innovation process and members interaction process, this research is intended to study the internet service provider in order to focus on the platform of the organizational knowledge creation in Taiwan internet companies. Research Structure According to literature survey, we can find that the heterogeneous teams have more innovation behaviors. A well-designed organization platform and a good project leader can help members emerge their potential in the creativity. The research structure is as follows: Case Choice Because many Internet companies have multi-business models, that we choose the 6 companies can group the case companies into ASP, ICP and portal. Case A, B and C are ASP companies. Case E and case F are ICP companies. Case C and D are portal companies. Research Methodology This thesis adopts the case study and the authors interviews some project leader or members who are responsible for top management team or the project team in the companies. And analysis the data of the questionnaire that every team members filled in. Then to complement the case study form the secondary data and information form the internet, as products and services. Case Analysis and Conclusions According to the analyses of the six cases, the author has generated the following conclusions: 1. The diversity between team members affects innovative activities including: ● The more diversity between the team members, the more innovative activities happen. ● The Cultivate Distinct Roles are more complete then the more innovative activities happen. 2. the well-designed organizational platform affects innovative activities including: ● In internet companies, they share knowledge and get new ideas via email and the intranet. ● In internet companies, the importance of physic environment is replaced by IT technology. ● In internet companies, the useful way to get lots of new ideas is brain-storming meeting. 3. the project manager leadership affects innovative activities including: ● The CEOs who in different internet companies such as ASP and ICP have different consideration influences the numbers of IPR. ● In internet companies, CEO builds a warm and learning organization by taking the failing forward and care employees. 4. the innovative activities in the internet companies including: ● The internet companies which do the knowledge management well have better innovation performance. ● The failing forward experiences help the management performance better now in the internet companies.