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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

地方政府與外資衝擊下的城市空間型構--以上海市房地產投資為例 / The formation of urban space under the impulse of local government and foreign direct investment: a case study of real estate in Shanghai

吳孟旂, Wu, Meng-Chi Unknown Date (has links)
改革開放後,上海市在中共中央的規劃下,希望於二十一世紀時成為國際經濟中心的城市;然而,上海市的城市功能定位自 1949 年後由國際外向型經濟中心轉為國內型生產城市,城市功能、空間佈局亦隨之改變。卻成功達成「以上海浦東開發開放為龍頭,進一步開放長江沿岸城市,盡快把上海建成國際經濟、金融、貿易中心之一,帶動長江三角洲和整個長江流域地區經濟的新飛躍」的發展目標,城市佈局的重建可說是支撐上海市實現其目標的基礎。 本論文嘗試就外商直接投資(第二章)、地方政府行為(第三章)及房地產(第五章)三個角度探討上海市城市空間變化,也試著探討政府、外資及房地產三者間彼此的互動與影響。而從分析的過程中發現,中國大陸欲引進外資解決其資金缺乏的問題,以各式優惠的政策來吸引外資;外國投資者看重的是中國大陸廣大的市場。上海市同樣面臨資金缺乏的問題,為進行城市空間的改造與建設,上海市藉舊城改造、新區開發及住房改革等因素形成的房地產吸引外資的投入,三者間形成巧妙的互動與影響。   經濟與政治間的角力在上海市生動的呈現,上海市為了資金的到位,變更了原有的城市規劃設計,外商為了獲利願意配合政策投資獲利極小的平價或動遷住宅,在互相協商、較勁後,可以發現上海市再從計畫經濟轉軌至市場經濟時,經濟利益的影響雖大,但仍未能掌控上海城市空間的發展。相對的,上海市政府卻實際巧妙的利用外資進行了城市空間的重構與發展,同時也獲得了所需的資金。
82

上市公司從事海外直接投資對股東財富影響之研究 / A Study of The Influence on Stockholder's Wealth of Publicly Published Corporations Doing Foreign Direct Investment

邱足恩, Chiu, Tsu En Unknown Date (has links)
國內上市公司在面臨台幣升值、勞工成本上揚、環保意識抬頭、及勞資糾紛不斷等種種不利因素,為求生存與發展,紛紛移往海外投資。而隨著國際經濟環境的變化,國際投資活動在未來全球經濟舞臺上所扮演的角色與功能將日益重要,台灣企業為了增加國際競爭力,赴外投資乃時勢所趨。關於企業海外投資對股東財富的影響,過去國內的研究均只著重於報酬的衡量,並未曾對風險面加以探討。此研究則進一步探討海外投資事件前後的風險變化情形,以考慮風險變化之研究方法進行實證研究,並比較不同投資型態及投資地區對股東財富的影響是否不同。   實證結果顯示,海外投資事件前後,因受整體股市影響,投資人所面臨的投資環境已經改變,承受的風險程度也會因此不同。就個別股票而言,大多數樣本事件前後的股票報酬變異也確實產生改變。所以傳統事件研究法假定事件期間的風險與估計期一樣,顯然並不適宜。   本研究採用修正後的事件研究法進行檢定,結果發現,上市公司從事海外直接投資的消息對股東財富會有正向但並不顯著的影響效果。不同投資地區對股東財富的影響並無明顯差異,但股市對不同投資型態的反應則有所不同,對企業以獨資方式進行投資的反應優於購併方式。
83

大陸員工價值觀與台商管理行為的互動──地區次文化差異研究 / The Conflict & Adaptation between Mainland Chinese Value System and Taiwan Enterprises' Management Style: a Region-based Sub- cultural Research

何國全, Ho, Kuo Chuan Unknown Date (has links)
台灣企業自民國七十年以來開展對外投資的步伐,而大陸地區又是許多外 移台灣廠商的最愛。雖然兩岸本根植於同一文化而發展,但是四十餘年的 分隔已使得一般大陸員工在價值觀念上與我們有異。直到目前我國企管學 界尚未有系統地進行兩岸跨文化管理之比較研究,眾多台商的成敗經驗因 此無法有效累積,故本研究的目的在於:一、了解大陸員工的價值想法; 二、探訪台商針對兩岸文化差異而採用的特殊管理作為;三、依研究結果 為台商提出配合兩岸文化差異而改進管理效能的建議。研究結論認為:由 於大陸員工與台灣幹部同仁間的價值觀念不同,登陸的台灣企業主所採取 的管理作法並不能完全因襲過去在台灣的模式;但是一旦對登陸懷有經濟 因素以外的特殊投資動機或策略目的,台商的管理行為就會有特別的考量 。大陸員工對於上級「職務權威」的接受程度比台灣員工低,所以台資企 業管理幹部需要具備更多的「魅力權威」才能提升管理績效;多數大陸人 習慣集體行動,比較不願意冒個人風險,並且在人際行為上具有更強的防 衛性和攻擊性。最後,隨著時間的發展,大陸員工的價值觀念和工作態度 會受到外商企業管理制度與本身從業經驗的影響而產生變化。台商企業惟 有保持高度的彈性與對環境變化的警覺,才能針對現實情況、適切地調整 管理方法,從而得到最佳績效。
84

台灣生技製藥公司海外直接投資進入模式之研究—以中國大陸市場為例 / Entry mode choices of foreign direct investments for Taiwan’s biotech-pharmaceutical company: an empirical study of China market

林書進, Lin, Shu Chin Unknown Date (has links)
近年來中國大陸以其廣大的市場及較低的人力成本優勢,成為外資及台商競相投資的市場,台灣各產業莫不以進入中國市場為營運發展的重要目標。國內生技製藥產業在這一波投資中國熱中,也嘗試從生產、銷售、行銷、代工及研發等不同面向切入,以掌握商機及尋求企業的永續經營與成長。 本論文著眼於研究台商生技製藥公司在進入中國大陸市場時,所選擇的海外直接投資之進入模式分析。並以John H. Dunning對外投資之折衷理論為研究架構,從「所有權優勢」、「區位優勢」及「內部化優勢」等構面,來分析台灣生技醫藥公司的中國市場進入模式。藉由國內生技製藥公司的企業訪談及上市櫃公司公開資訊的分析,以及次級資料與公開報導的整理,以瞭解台商生技製藥公司在大陸的直接投資進入模式及影響投資決策的關鍵因素及公司優勢。 本研究共訪談國內四家生技製藥公司。研究發現,生技製藥台商在中國市場的進入模式選擇,主要可能受到區位優勢決定因素的影響,而決定因素則可分為市場導向、資源取得導向及風險評估等三項。本研究將有助於瞭解國內生技製藥業,在中國進行跨國經營與投資的決策考量,並裨益國際企業領域及國際策略管理的理論與實務發展。 / Over the past years, China has attracted much investment from Taiwan companies and foreign companies due to its advantages of board markets and low-cost labors. Companies in Taiwan also set “enter China market “as a goal in their business planning. Upon this wave of “Invest China fever” , the domestic Biotech & pharmaceutical companies have no doubt approached their business target by entering China market through different operations, that is, production, sales, marketing, out-sourcing, and research & development, etc to catch the opportunities and sustainable growth of business The objectives of the study were to analyze the entry mode of China market Taiwan biotech & pharmaceutical companies have conducted their foreign direct investment (FDI). Based on the theory of the eclectic paradigm of FDI initiated by John H. Dunning as a research framework, from the perspectives of Ownership advantages, Location advantages, and Internalization advantages, the analysis for the entry mode of FDI and the Key factors as well as company advantages to affect the decision were employed to examine both the primary data and secondary data. Primary data consisted of the interviews of domestic pharmaceutical companies and the data statistics from the Market Observation Post System (Taiwan stock market). Meanwhile, secondary data was collected from the news and the reports of the journals, magazines, and the websites. Four Biotech-pharmaceutical companies were interviewed in this study. The result shows that Location advantages may be the major factors for FDI in China of Taiwan companies. The factors consist of market -oriented, resources -oriented, and risk assessment factors. This study will contribute the strategic considerations for Taiwan international companies that operate foreign Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical business in China. This study also suggests the strategy for the international business and international management both in theory and the practice.
85

外人直接投資於中國大陸電子業之外溢效果與生產效率分析 / An analysis on foreign direct investment, spill-over effect, and production efficiency of Chinese Electronic Industry

郭芳倩, Guo, Fang Cian Unknown Date (has links)
現今世界趨勢已朝向全球整合的方向邁進,隨著科技日新,世界各國跨越地域隔閡,不論是在政治、經濟、科技、文化等各方面往來接觸愈來愈頻繁,中國大陸近年來與世界經貿關係連結更為緊密,同時亦對外開放直接投資,使跨國企業逐漸擴大進軍中國大陸之版圖,享受中國大陸豐沛之廉價勞動力。 然而,開放外人直接投資(Foreign Direct Investment, FDI)勢必為中國大陸相關之產業或總體經濟帶來某種程度之影響,儘管外人直接投資可帶來充沛之資本及先進之技術,但亦有可能加劇國內市場競爭,不利於本土廠商。 本文運用1998-2006 年「中國工業企業統計數據庫」中之電子業廠商,建構追蹤資料模型(Panel Data),並運用隨機邊界法(stochastic frontier approach)估計中國大陸本資、台港澳資及外資企業生產效率,藉以衡量FDI之外溢效果。根據實證結果我們發現:中國大陸電子業之外人直接投資存在正向外溢效果及正向之技術移轉,顯示FDI之進入將有助於提升中國大陸電子業本土廠商之生產力。此外,我們同時發現FDI集中投資的結果將可能造成外溢效果的減低,除此之外,經濟區位亦是影響外人直接投資所帶來之外溢效果及技術移轉效果之重要因子之一。 / Global integration is the world trend nowadays. With the breakthrough of technology, the geographical barriers no longer exist. It would be much closer with other countries in many fields, such as politics, economics, technology and culture. In recent years, China has a closer economics and trades linkage with the world. As the results of openness to foreign direct investments, more and more multinational enterprises enter to China, expanding their scale and being benefited from the low-cost labor of China. China is benefited from the plentiful capital and advanced technologies of foreign direct investments; however, the openness to FDI might cause the competition which can aggravate in domestic market and hurt the domestic firms. The research uses the data of electronic firms from Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database. We apply panel data model and stochastic frontier approach to estimate the production efficiency of Chinese, Taiwanese, Hong Kong, Macanese and Other foreign enterprises. According to the empirical results, we discover that there are positive spill-over effects and technology transformation from foreign direct investments in Chinese electronic industry. These results indicate the entry of FDI will promote the productivity of Chinese electronic firms. Beside the positive results, we also discover the negative deduction stem in concentrated investments; furthermore, the spill-over effects and the technology transformation effects are affected by the economic location.
86

外來投資對工資不均等的影響-以台灣製造業為例 / The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Wage Inequality : Evidence from Taiwan Manufacturing Industry

劉乃瑜, Liu, Nai-Yu Unknown Date (has links)
外人直接投資(foreign direct investment, FDI)在經濟理論中是相當熱門的議題,它代表了讓地主國(host country)國資本累積、技術進步在短時間內快速增加的可能,因此許多國家往往會採取某些吸引外資的政策,再搭配國內制度或是貿易政策的改變,以追求經濟成長。然而,外來直接投資對地主國可能產生的所得重分配的影響,本文即是對此做一深入探討,並以台灣製造業資料來研究外來直接投資是否會擴大工資不均等的情形。 研究期間從1981~2004年共24年,依產業特性將製造業分為十大類,分別採取兩種不同的迴歸模型,包括自我迴歸落遲分配模型(auto regressive distributed lag model, ARDL model)與縱橫資料(panel data)迴歸模型等。實證模型上由生產理論出發,選擇作為解釋工資不均等的變數包括外人直接投資比例、出口比例、進口比例及產出成長率等四個變數。由實證結果得到以下結論: (1)就個別產業來看,FDI對台灣製造業工資不均等的影響並不一致,反應出產業特性不同,FDI所扮演的角色也不盡相同。其中FDI會惡化皮革與毛皮製造業的工資不均等情形,減輕橡膠及塑膠製品製造業與非金屬製品製造業的工資不均等情形,對其他製造業則是無明顯影響。 (2)就整體製造業的情形來看, FDI對工資的不均等的淨效果為正,但效果不大;出口、產出成長率有輕微使工資不均等擴大的情形,而進口則是可輕微縮減工資不均等的狀況。 (3)若是將十大製造業依產品特性區分為「民生」、「化學」、「機械」電子等三大工業,則可以發現FDI對民生工業有明顯擴大工資不均等的情形,在其他兩大工業則是無顯著影響。
87

世界各國對中國投資之決定因素—北京、上海與廣東之比較 / Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in China: The Comparative Study between Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong

鄭惠珍, Cheng, Hui-Chen Unknown Date (has links)
自1978年中國開始經濟的改革開放政策以來,吸引外資便成為其推動經濟成長的重要手段之一。1992年鄧小平南巡,再一次宣示建立「社會主義的市場經濟體制」後,由於開放的經濟政策更為明朗,使越來越多的國家到中國直接投資。自此,中國成為全世界最受歡迎的外資投資國之一。甚至在2002年超越美國,成為全世界最大的外資接受國。如此多的國家對中國展開大規模的投資,其投資的規模與投資地區的選擇卻有相當大的差異。因此,本文的研究目的,將以1993至2003年世界各國對中國投資的追蹤資料(panel data),搭配固定效果模型(fixed-effect model)與隨機效果模型(random-effect model)的估計,並以目前中國沿海發展具代表性的北京、上海與廣東三個省(市)之比較,探究影響世界各國對中國直接投資的決定因素。 實證結果發現影響外商直接投資北京、上海與廣東的決定因素中,顯著影響的變數為相對工資率、對中國貿易依存度、相對匯率以及相對借貸成本。而其餘的變數,如相對國內生產毛額、相對每人國內生產毛額和相對國家風險等皆不顯著,反映了其皆非外商直接投資中國時所考量的決定因素。 / Since 1978, China has adopted the so-called “open door policy”, attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) has become one of the most important methods to facilitate its economic growth. However, foreign countries didn’t invest large amount toward China until Deng Xiaoping’s southern trip in 1992. The purpose of this study is thus to investigate the determinants of FDI from different foreign countries to different regions in China after foreign countries started to invest tremendous amount toward China. This study adopts fixed-effect model and random-effect model to investigate the determinants of FDI in China with panel data of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong during the period of 1993-2003. The result shows relative wage rate, trade dependence to China, relative exchange rate and relative borrowing cost are the most important factors in attracting FDI in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong during 1993-2003. Finally, in order to reduce the mistakes occurred in positive models and enable the study more rigorous, then uses more methods to test the models and the result.
88

臺灣租稅誘因吸引投資效果之實證分析 / An Empirical Study on Tax Incentives and Investment Promotion in Taiwan

詹媖珺 Unknown Date (has links)
過去許多學術文獻針對租稅優惠吸引投資之效果進行實證分析,但實證結論並不一致。我國自1950年即開始實施一連串的租稅獎勵政策,時至今日,租稅減免仍是我國政府推動重大經濟政策慣用的誘因手段。為探討了解臺灣實施租稅優惠措施對投資變化之影響,本研究針對我國自民國50年代後期以來涉及租稅減免之相關法令進行整理,另為了充分量化這些租稅優惠措施,則參考國外相關實證文獻作法,建構了兩項租稅誘因指標作為虛擬變數,來追蹤自民國61年以來我國不同階段之減免稅狀態,並作為虛擬變數納入後續實證模型分析。 本研究利用相關變數之時間序列資料來探討租稅優惠對我國外人直接投資與國內私人投資之互動變化關係。研究步驟有三,首先,針對個別變數進行單根檢定,藉以確認變數的屬性,了解時間序列資料是否為衡定後,再利用Johansen共整合檢定法來估計和檢定多個變數,確認各變數間是否存在共整合關係後,以誤差修正模型來說明各變數間關係與整個變數脫離均衡關係後之動態調整情形。 實證結果顯示,就長期趨勢而言,我國實施之租稅優惠措施對吸引外人直接投資呈現負向且顯著之不良影響,另長期而言,租稅優惠誘因對刺激我國國內投資之變化確有顯著且正面助益,但影響效果之幅度不大。因此,本研究建議政府與其提供效果不明確之租稅誘因,不如致力於針對國家自身不完善的基礎建設或不穩定的總體經濟環境進行改善。 / Tax incentives have been in existence in Taiwan since 1950, and they are still very much on the agenda of the government. There is no agreement about the efficacy of incentives. Indeed there have been doubts about whether incentives have any effect on the economy since the 1950s. This has made some economists wonder why incentives are so popular despite the fact that their effects are either slight or unknow. This study conducts an empirical investigation of the impact of tax incentives on investment in Taiwan. We constructed two indexs of tax incentives which track the different types of incentives embarked upon by the government, and these indexes are then included in both foreign direct investment and private investment equations. Our testing procedure involves three steps. The first step involves tasting for the properties of the variables by conducting unit root teste. The second step involves testing for the long-run relationship between the variables using Johansen cointegration tests. And the third step involves estimating the long-run parameters and associated loading factors. The empirical results shows a significant negative impact of tax incentives on FDI, and a significant positive impact of tax incentives on private investment but the impact is slight. We suggest that rather than focusing on tax incentives, the country should concentrate on removing the factors that discourage investors such as poor infrastructural and institutions or macroeconomic instability.
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海外子公司技術來源對臺灣海外投資廠商研發配置之影響 / The Effects of Sources of Subsidiary Technology Acquisition on Research & Development Allocation in Taiwan FDI Manufacturing Industry

鄭寶珠 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著經貿全球化與自由化,各項商業活動漸無國界概念,跨國企業遊走各國,善用全球生產要素,但資源有限,企業永續經營與成長,不能只靠有限的土地、勞動力與資本等傳統生產要素,創新研發與知識累積能力成為比傳統生產要素更重要的關鍵,研發國際化更是全球經貿發展不可逆的趨勢。 本研究以2007年臺灣1,770家製造業廠商為對象,運用Probit及Tobit二種模型,分別探討在不同技術來源下,海外投資廠商決定投入海外研發以及投入資源多寡的決定因素。研究結果發現,「廠商規模」、「行業別」、「進入模式」、「國際化深度」、「投資地區」、「市場考量」以及「母國提供技術」為臺灣對外投資廠商決定投入海外研發與否之重要影響因素。一旦決定投入海外研發後,研發資源投入多寡的決定因素則有所變化,廠商規模大小與投資行業、獨資或合夥、市場夠不夠大等重要性降低成不顯著,相對的盈利與否影響性提升,但卻是負向影響關係。同時,本研究參考社會心理學領域的「調節變數」概念,探討「技術來源」是否具有調節效果,實證結果也證實不同的技術來源,確實會影響解釋變數與被解釋變數(海外研發配置)之間的因果關係,具備調節效果,這也表示技術來源對於海外研發配置確實扮演重要的關鍵角色。 / Along with globalization and liberalization, the trade goes around the world borderlessly. In order to take advantage of relatively cheap land and labor, multinational corporations extend business worldwide. However, due to the limitation of natural endowments and human resource, Innovation becomes the key factor, which plays a more-important-than-ever role for business sustainable development. This paper examines the determinants of overseas R&D of Taiwanese multinationals; including whether to invest in R&D and how to allocate. Our empirical results indicate that the firm size, IT industry, entry mode, internationalization level, investment location, market motivations and technology acquisition are the determinants of overseas R&D investment. Furthermore, whether above determinants remain significant when Dependent Variable turns to be overseas R&D allocation? The empirical results suggest that firm size, industry category, entry mode and market motivations are no more significant. Instead, profitability becomes significant with negative affect. Besides, we also found the strong effect of technology acquisition on overseas R&D investment and allocation. Different technology source acquired does play a moderating role in the relationship between independent variables and overseas R&D.
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台灣與中國雙邊貿易之決定因素 / Determinants of bilateral trade across the Taiwan straits

林冠丞, Lin, Kuan Cheng Unknown Date (has links)
本文之目的在於分析台灣與中國雙邊貿易之主要決定因素,並深入探討造成台灣對中國長期出現大量順差的主要原因。本文之實證模型與過去文獻主要差異在於分別就進出口供給與需求建立聯立方程式,推導成縮減式,分析進出口供需的相互影響。在台灣出口供給方面,本文考慮了國內投入、進口中間投入、台灣外人直接投資(FDI)及研發創新等因素。在台灣進口需求方面,除了考慮實質所得、雙邊匯率,本文也考慮了第三國匯率及雙向FDI之影響。 本文實證分析採用自1996年1月至2009年12月期間月資料。實證結果顯示雙邊實質所得、台灣對中國直接投資與台灣研發創新的確皆造成台灣對中國進出口之增加。然而,各國對台灣直接投資,卻造成台灣對中國進出口的減少。至於實質匯率的結果,在台灣對中國之出口方面,當新台幣相對於人民幣貶值,確實造成對中國出口增加。在中國市場,第三國價格相對中國價格上揚,造成台灣對中國出口有負向影響,此顯示台灣出口財與第三國出口財為互補關係。在台灣自中國之進口方面,當新台幣相對於人民幣貶值,的確造成自中國進口減少。在台灣市場,第三國價格相對於台灣價格上揚,造成台灣自中國進口有正向影響,表中國出口財與第三國出口財為替代關係。此外,本文發現,進口中間投入的相對價格上揚,將造成台灣自中國進口減少。 總而言之,本文研究結果顯示,除了實質所得以及雙邊匯率之外,第三國匯率、雙向FDI以及研發在兩岸進出口貿易上也扮演相當重要角色。此結果有助於瞭解台灣對中國持續順差之背後原因。 / The objective of this study is to analyze the main determinants of bilateral trade across the Taiwan Straits with a view toward exploring the causes of the Taiwan’s persistent large trade surplus with China. Our empirical model differs from most previous studies in the following aspects: we construct a system of equations to examine the demand-supply relationship ; on the supply side, the effects of inward FDI, the cost of intermediate imports on Taiwan’s production and R&D innovation are considered ; on the demand side, in additional to bilateral real exchange rates and real income, this paper also considers the indirect effects of exchange rate of third countries and bilateral FDI. The data covering January, 1996 to December, 2009 are used in our empirical analysis. The empirical evidence indicates that the bilateral real income, Taiwan’s real direct investment to China and R&D innovation have positive effects on Taiwan’s exports towards and imports from China, however, the inward FDI to Taiwan presents negative effects. As for real exchange rate, it appears that Taiwan’s export to China would increase along with the real depreciation of the NTD against the RMB. In addition, the rising relative price of the third country against the price of China would result in a negative effect of Taiwan’s export to China, representing that the goods of Taiwan and the third country are complements. On the other hand, Taiwan’s import from China would decrease along with the real depreciation of the NTD against the RMB. In addition, the rising relative price of the third country against the price of Taiwan would bring about a positive effect of Taiwan’s import from China. This reveals that the goods of China and the third country are substitutes. Moreover, a negative effect on the import of Taiwan from China appears when the cost of intermediate imports of Taiwan increases. In sum, this study illustrates that, in addition to real income and bilateral exchange rates, the exchange rates of third countries, FDI inflows and outflows and innovation have also played an important role in determining bilateral trade across the Taiwan Straits. It will help understand the driving forces behind Taiwan’s persistent trade surplus against China.

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