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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

開發中國家對先進國家直接投資之研究--以臺灣廠商為例 / Direct Foreign Investment in Developed Countries by Developing Countries:The Case of Taiwanese Firms

林峰瑜, Lin, Fend Yu Unknown Date (has links)
在對外直接投資 (foreign direct investment,簡稱FDI)的各種相關 理論中,大都偏向於先進國家 (developed country)到開發中國家( developing country)進行FDI的為多,很少有學者研究為何開發中國 家會到先進國家進行FDI?以開發中國家廠商而言,在其經營管理、生 產技術、商標信譽、行銷能力皆比先進國家要來得落後的情況下,要到先 進國家投資,與當地廠商一爭長短,它們對抗先進國廠商的本錢在那□? 所憑藉的又是什麼?我們嚐試用以往對外投資理論的觀點來試著解釋此一 現象,然後再從台灣的實證中發覺是否有新的現象是不能用傳統的對外投 資理論來加以解釋,希望能對此一現象提供合理的答案,選擇的母體乃是 台灣廠商至歐美國家進行直接投資的廠商。由本文的分析,我們了解到臺 灣廠商到歐美投資與到東南亞投資其型態上是截然不同的。廠商為了擴大 市場,提昇產品形象及服務品質等有關行銷方面而至歐美投資,然而往東 南亞投資卻是考慮到廉價的勞動成本、豐富的資源等生產面的因素,是以 降低生產成本為首要目標,這可由在歐美投資產品皆以當地市場銷售為主 ,而至東南亞卻是以第三國為主要銷售對象看出來。因此臺商在東南亞的 投資似乎較符合 Kojima (1978)的防禦型假說與 Vernon (1966)的產品生 命週期理論;而赴歐美投資的現象卻是以 Hymer(1960),Caves(1971)主動 性的觀點來說明較為貼切。此外,由派遣人員部門別可知至歐美投資主要 著重在研發及行銷,而至東南亞投資主要目的卻在製造生產。以國際分工 的角度來看,臺商是善用此一分工型式的;臺商一方面在歐美建立良好的 行銷通路,設立售後服務網,取得或開發先進技術以提昇產品品質,藉以 提高售價,增加利潤,另一方面在大陸、東南亞設立生產中心,利用當地 廉價的資源,降低生產成本,以保障原有的出口市場。如此兩方面同時進 行,既可提高價格,又可降低成本。與其他廠商比較之下,競爭力當然強 過許多。 Wells(1983) 所提及在開發中國家廠商所具有的小規模生產, 富生產彈性的優勢對於在東南亞的投資情形較為適切,而對於解釋歐美的 投資狀況則似乎有點牽強,畢竟 Wells的觀點是以生產製造的觀點出發, 較符合東南亞的投資狀況。
52

我國製造業對外投資對國內產品生產規模之影響 / The impacts of outward foreign direct investment on output in manufacturing industry in taiwan

許書綾 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要先探討國內、外對外投資之相關文獻,再以經濟部統計處於2007年所實施的「製造業對外投資實況調查」問卷資料為分析對象,分別由廠商特性、產業特性及投資特性等3方面,運用probit model進行估計,來分析我國製造業廠商在從事對外投資活動後,對國內產品生產規模所產生的影響。經本研究實證發現,就廠商特性而言,「廠商規模」及「研發支出總額」為影響國內產品生產規模擴大的重要因素。在產業特性方面,則以「產業型態」及「對外投資地區」為重要影響因素,而若以投資特性來看,屬擴張型對外投資動機的「當地市場發展潛力大」、由台灣所提供之「原料進貨來源比率」及「零組件與半成品進貨來源比率」等因素為重要影響因素。 / After reviewing literature on outward foreign direct investment, this research conducts an empirical research based on 2007 statistical data from Ministry of Economic Affairs in Taiwan. We employ probit model to analyze the impacts of outward foreign direct investment on output of manufacturing industry in Taiwan. The empirical results show that the ‘firm size’ and ‘R&D expenditure’ categorized into firm characteristics, and ‘type of industry’ and ‘investment area’ classified into industry characteristics are statistically significant. Moreover, the expansionary FDI measured by ‘high potential of local market’, ‘rate of raw material purchased from Taiwan’ and ‘rate of components and semi-finished product purchased from Taiwan’ are also statistically significant.
53

行銷動態能力、行銷生產力、潛規則與績效之關係─以大陸台商為例 / The relationship among marketing dynamic capability, marketing productivity, hidden rules and firm performance - Taiwanese companies in China

郭斯敏 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以大陸台商為研究對象,欲了解行銷動態能力、行銷生產力以及地主國市場之潛規則對競爭優勢及績效之影響。本研究以行銷動態能力為出發點,探究企業欲創造競爭優勢及績效所應考量之中介變數,以及當企業在進行海外直接投資時,所面臨之環境所帶來之調節效果,來建立本研究整體架構。由於研究對象為大陸台商,為提升問卷回收效率及效果,本研究樣本架構採用便利抽樣及滾雪球之方式, 主要發放對象為大陸台商高階經理人,涵蓋國立政治大學台商班、EMBA班、校友會、研究人員相關人脈,整體回收對象擴及製造業及服務業,總回收份數為67份,扣除填答不完全者,有效問卷共63份。本研究以成對樣本t檢定及迴歸模型驗證假說,研究結果發現行銷生產力在研究架構中具有重要中介意義,行銷動態能力不僅被視為能耐,更能轉化為台商的行銷資產,並且透過行銷資產的投入,愈能有效運用其資產以產出有效果之行銷生產力,愈能提升其競爭優勢與績效,且潛規則的調節效果,更凸顯行銷生產力的重要性,台商應更重視政治利害關係人所帶來的影響並應加以管理,當台商同時能夠愈有效利用潛規則顯性管理工具管理社會-政治利害關係人時,愈能夠強化行銷生產力提升競爭優勢與績效的效果,且政治利害關係人對台商造成經營上的影響程度,顯著高於非政治利害關係人所造成之影響,因此台商應將管理工具資源投入較高比重上放在政治利害關係人之管理上。
54

影響海外事業技術來源的決定因素 / The determinants of sources of overseas technology in Taiwan FDI manufacturing Firms

張榮政 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究藉由不同的對外投資理論及實證研究文獻,來探討跨國企業影響其海外事業技術來源的因素,再運用2007年經濟部統計處「製造業對外投資實況調查」之資料,作實證研究,建立兩階段實證模型。第一階段以多元羅吉特模型,探討海外事業技術來源係外購或自行研發之影響因素;第二階段仍以多元羅吉特模型,探討其海外事業在自行研發之技術來源係由母公司提供或由子公司自行研發之影響因素。經實證分析發現,第一階段影響海外事業外購技術或自行研發策略的決定因素為,產業別變數、當地化程度變數,及組織型態變數。投資產業愈傾向資訊電子工業、當地化程度愈高、組織型態愈不傾向與外資合資者,其海外事業技術來源愈傾向採自行研發策略。第二階段影響海外事業由母公司提供技術或由子公司自行研發的決定因素為,投資地區變數、產業別變數、當地化程度變數、研發比重變數,及行銷方式變數。海外投資地區愈傾向投資工業化國家、投資產業愈傾向資訊電子工業、當地化程度愈高、研發比重愈高、行銷方式愈傾向由海外事業行銷者,其海外事業技術來源愈傾向由海外事業自行研發。
55

中國大陸製造業外資企業生產效率與技術外溢之探討 / An analysis of production efficiency and spillover effect of the foreign firms of manufacturing sector in China

徐淳雅 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著經濟的全球化,外人直接投資(foreign direct investment)儼然成為國際間技術擴散的主要途徑,技術外溢也成為外人直接投資發生下的重要議題,尤其利用跨國公司的先進技術促進本國生產力的提升,為開發中國家致力於吸引外人直接投資前來投資的強大動機。其中來自港、澳、台地區的資金佔有相當程度的地位,主要原因為地理位置與中國大陸相近、文化相似度高有很大的關係,但隨著中國大陸實施改革開放政策以來,這種狀況開始有所改變,愈來愈多的大型跨國公司前進中國大陸,觀察這十年流入中國大陸的外人直接投資加總,來自香港、日本、美國和韓國的投資金額分別位居一、二、三和四名,故其造成的後續效應不容小覷。   本研究以中華人民共和國國家統計局進行年度工業企業數據庫的1998-2006年間的製造業廠商資料,利用STATA統計軟體進行橫斷面資料分析,再依照中華人民共和國國家統計局工業分類和黃志聰、高安邦和陳子芸(2003)的分類方法,將中國大陸製造業分成輕工業、重工業、化學工業和高科技產業,研究針對外人直接投資進度中國大陸後,衍生出產業技術外溢效果和生產效率的改變進行討論。 / With economic globalization, foreign direct investment has become a major international technology diffusion channels. The spillover effect has become an important topic under foreign direct investment, especially using their advanced technology for productivity upgrade. It is committed to developing countries to attract foreign direct investment a strong incentive to invest. The capital from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan plays an important role in China, mainly because of the highly correlative location, culture and language. The situation has changed accompanied by the implementation of the reform and open policy in China. More and more large multinational enterprises enter China. According to the sum of foreign direct investment of China within a decade, the investment amount from Hong Kong, Japan, America and Korea come in the first, second, third and forth places. Therefore, the upcoming effects cannot be underestimated. In this study, The manufacturers database of the annual industrial enterprises from National Bureau of Statistics of China in the period of 1998 to 2006 is used for cross-sectional data analysis of STATA statistical software. And then according to the classification of National Bureau of Statistics industry and Huang, Kao and Chen (2003), the manufacturing sector in China is divided into light industry, heavy industry, chemical industry and high-tech industries. This study discusses the change of spillover effects and production efficiency after the entering of foreign direct investment in China.
56

外人來台直接投資影響因素探討:以考量產業及ECFA因素為例 / The determinants of foreign direct investment in Taiwan-Considering industrial and ECFA factors

謝育霖, Hsieh, Yu Ling Unknown Date (has links)
由於外人直接投資都被認為是促成一國經濟成長及財富累積的重要決定因素之一,而聯合國貿易與發展會議2010年全球投資報告書中也指出,未來開發中國家對於吸引FDI是比已開發國家更具有優勢,而其中中國將是未來一個全球投資者注目的焦點;故本研究目的有三個:(一)探討影響台灣產業吸引外人來台投資的主要因素,(二)檢定中國FDI增長對於台灣產業吸引外人來台投資是否會有排擠效果,(三)探討兩岸具ECFA協議下,對於台灣產業吸引外人投資的正面幫助效果強度。 本研究採用1982年至2009年之年資料,以Tobit Censoring做為分析方法;並將產業分成出口導向相關產業及國內市場導向相關產業兩不同型態做為分析依據。 實證研究結果發現,政府若想要吸引更多外人直接投資,除了簽訂ECFA協議外,還必須避免台灣國內通貨膨脹率過高及台幣兌美元匯率波動過大;此外,高素質人才的培育也是極其重要,而持續提升國內市場深度及未來發展潛力也是不可或缺的環節;除了這些台灣自身投資環境的營造外,尚必須時時刻刻緊盯國際情勢的變化及中國發展下對台灣吸引FDI上可能帶來的衝擊,如此才有可能打造台灣成為亞洲地區的投資新天地。 / The foreign direct investment is an important factor which be considered to promote a country’s economic growth and wealth accumulation. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development World’s 2010 Investment Report also noted that in attracting FDI developing countries have more advantages than developed countries in the future. Especially China, it focus of attention of global investors. Therefore, this paper has three purposes. First, Explore the Determinants of Taiwan's industries to attract FDI. Second, testing whether China's FDI growth has crowding out effect on Taiwan’s industries. Third, Does ECFA agreement has positive effects on Taiwan’s industries to attract FDI. This paper using 1982 to 2009 year data, and Tobit Censoring econometric method to be the analysis framework. In addition, assort Taiwan’s industries to export-oriented and domestic market-oriented two different types industries. Empirical study found that, If the Government wants to attract more Foreign Direct Investment besides signing an ECFA agreement there are something it must to do. First, government must avoid inflation rate too high and exchange rate volatility is too large. Second, government has to bring up high-quality personnel. Third, government has to enhance the potential of the domestic market. Finally, government has to focus their attention on the international situation and china’s FDI growth may affect the Taiwan’s industries FDI. By doing this, Taiwan will have a chance to attract more FDI.
57

海外事業行銷方式決定因素之探討 / The determinants of overseas marketing strategy in Taiwan FDI manufacturing industry

李率慧 Unknown Date (has links)
海外事業行銷方式會影響其經營績效之良窳,本研究主要目的在於探討海外事業行銷方式之決定因素,根據經濟部2007年製造業對外投資實況調查,分別由公司特性、產業特性、地主國特性及營運特性四個構面進行探討,運用二階段Multinomial logit model進行實證分析。經本研究第一階段實證發現,投資地區數、組織型態、最主要投資地區、國內生產毛額及技術來源是影響廠商選擇海外事業行銷方式之重要因素,第二階段再進一步討論選擇母公司行銷、子公司行銷及混合行銷三種自行行銷方式之決定因素,研究結果發現投資年限、投資地區數、海外營業額占比、組織型態、行業類別、經營方式、市場競爭激烈、技術來源、當地銷售占比、外銷接單大陸出貨比率及回銷比率皆為重要影響因素,實證結果供台灣製造業廠商海外事業行銷方式之參考。 / The overseas marketing strategy can affect firm’s performance. The main purpose of this study is to explore the determinants of overseas marketing strategy. Using data from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ 2007 survey of foreign investment in manufacturing, this empirical study applies a two-stage multinomial logit model to analyze the issue based on the following four dimensions: company characteristics, industry characteristics, operating characteristics and characteristics of the host country. For the first stage regarding the oversea marketing strategy decision, the empirical results show that the number of investment areas, organization type, key investment areas, and those areas’ GDP and source of technology are important. For the second stage of the parent company marketing decision, a subsidiary marketing and mixed marketing approach, the three kinds of self-marketing study, include investment period, the number of investment areas, overseas sales contribution, the organization type, industry type, mode of operation, market competition, technology source, local sales contribution, export orders delivered by mainland ratio, and reverse ratio are prominent.
58

外資在天津房地產價格的角色-是主嫌還是從犯? / The role of foreign investment in real estate prices of Tianjin-The principal or an accomplice

陳揚升, Chen, Yang Sheng Unknown Date (has links)
1978年中國大陸改革開放,吹皺經濟市場一池春水。住房公有制、住房福利制觀念相繼被打破,揭開房產制度改革曙光。鄧小平在1992年南巡講話後,定調「有中國特色社會主義市場經濟」的基本路線,從根本上解決市場經濟意識形態問題,自此中國大陸房地產市場活水澈底被激發。近十餘年來,中國大陸全國商品房平均價格從2000年2,112元人民幣,攀升至2010年5,032元人民幣,部分重點城市如北京、上海、廣州..等更早已突破萬元人民幣大關。 房產市場不對稱發展加深中國大陸社會結構性矛盾與衝突對立,高房價顯然無益其國內經濟健全發展,這也讓大陸中央不得不正視此一嚴肅問題積極採取宏觀調控手段,企圖壓制漲勢不斷的房價期能消彌廣大民怨。而與之同時因為覬覦中國大陸經濟高速發展背後廣大利益而競相投入中國市場的外資也就格外引起大陸政府的關注,因為「外資炒房」的傳言與疑慮一直困擾著中共當局,在高房價、高民怨的氛圍壟罩下,產官學界檢討外資聲浪甚囂塵上;然而,高房價的背後是否一定有外資刻意炒作?值得探究與思考。 本研究嘗試以中國大陸天津做為觀察標的,運用共整合ARDL模型探討外商直接投資(FDI)對房地產價格波動的影響,釐清外資在房地產價格所扮演的角色。實證模型並納入物價指數(CPI)、人均收入(INC)、貸款利率(INT)、匯率(EXC)與股價(STOCK)為解釋變數,以做為觀察總體經濟因素對大陸房地產市場的影響。實證結果表明,在短期關係上外資的確有拉抬房價效果,不過長期關係影響並不顯著,顯示外資不是實際推升房地產價格的主因,角色定位應為「從犯」而非「主嫌」。研究結果並發現,匯率變動對房地產價格有著顯著實質影響,這意味如果大陸政府要運用匯率這項工具來抑制漲勢不斷的房價,就必須讓人民幣適時升值。不過目前中國大陸仍屬以出口導向為大宗的國家,長期而言,人民幣升值將對其出口造成某種程度衝擊,是以在匯率政策的操作上恐陷入兩難(升值或貶值)的困境。 / The reform and opening in mainland China in 1978 had fretted the surface of the water of the economic market. The concepts of public housing and housing welfare system had been broken, leading to a line of hope in the reform of the house property system. After Xiaoping Deng's speech during his south tour, he set up the basic route of the "socialism market economy with Chinese features", resolving the market economy ideology issue from the root. Since then, the house property market in Chine has been activated. In the recent decade, the average price of commercial residential buildings had increased from YMB$2,112 in 2000 to YMB$5,032 in 2010. In major cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, the prices had already went over YMB$10,000. The asymmetric development of the house property market has further caused structural conflicts and confrontations in Mainland China. Apparently, high housing prices were not beneficial to the sound development of the domestic economy. And thus the central government in Mainland China had to face up to this serious problem and aggressively took the microscope controlling measure in the attempt to suppress the increasing housing prices to resolve people's complaints. In the mean time, under the desire for the great profits behind the rapid development of the economy in Mainland China, foreign funds had entered the Chinese market one by one, getting some extra attention of the Chinese government. Because the rumor of "foreign funds in real estate speculation" and some doubles had continuously bothered the Chinese government, under the atmosphere with high housing prices and high social grievance, requests for reviewing foreign funds in the industrial, governmental, academic, and research circles were very broad. However, whether there was real estate speculation with foreign funds behind high housing prices is worth thinking and studying. Using Tianjin City in Mainland China as a target for observation, this study attempted to apply the autoregressive ARDL model to explore the influences of foreign direct investment (FDI) on price changes in housing property, in order to clarify the role foreign funds play in real estate prices. The independent variables included in the model were consumer price index (CPI), per capita income (INC), loan interest (INT), exchange rate (EXC), and stock price (STOCK), in order to observe the influences of the macro economical factors on the Chinese real estate market. According to the empirical results, in the short run, foreign funds could indeed drive up housing prices. However, in the long run, the influence was not significant. This means foreign funds are not the main cause driving up real estate prices. The role they played was a "partner in crime" instead of a "main suspect". The study found that there was indeed a significant and substantial influence of exchange rate changes on real estate prices, meaning that if the Chinese government would like to surprise increasing housing prices using exchange rates as a tool, it is necessary to allow YMB appreciation. However, currently, Mainland China is still a country with mainly exports. In the long run, YMB appreciation may lead to certain impact on China's exportation. Therefore, operating exchange rate related policies may lead to a dilemma (to appreciate or depreciate).
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俄羅斯外人直接投資與貧窮改善之研究 / The relations of foreign direct investment and poverty in Russia

徐牧群 Unknown Date (has links)
本文探討外人直接投資對於俄羅斯貧窮問題之影響。透過質性研究說明俄羅斯外人直接投資趨勢與貧窮分布,並輔以量化研究解釋兩者間的關係;在變數選取部分,除主要之各地區外人直接投資流量、絕對貧窮率外,本文還納入人力資本、國內投資、公部門角色、貿易開放程度與總體經濟環境等變數進行研究。樣本資料根據俄羅斯國家統計局,選擇資料完整的71個聯邦主體作為研究對象,分析期間為2000至2008年,共639個觀察值。   實證結果發現,外人直接投資與貧窮率之間,並未存在顯著的負向關係;然而,若不考慮各聯邦主體間變異存在與否,甚至得出外人直接投資將惡化貧窮情形的結果;在其餘變數的部分,發現除了政府支出的結論與預期相反、人力資本不顯著外,其餘變數均符合預期,顯示貿易越為開放、總體經濟穩定且經濟成長的地區,貧窮問題較為和緩,在國內投資部分,雖未達統計顯著標準,但結果也傾向國內投資的提升有助於降低貧窮率。此外,若將外人直接投資視為依變數,再結合原先以貧窮為依變數之實證結果,可發現貿易開放程度為唯一同時對吸引外人直接投資與降低貧窮率皆達統計顯著水準的變數,即開放貿易助於提升外人直接投資與降低貧窮水準。
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台商赴中國大陸投資經營績效的決定因素:海、內外整合所扮演的角色 / The Performance Determinants of Taiwan Manufacturing Industries Investing in China: the Role of Integration between Parent Company and Overseas Subsidiaries

王小慈, Wang, Hsiao Tzu Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以經濟部2007年「製造業對外投資實況調查」問卷資料赴中國大陸地區投資採垂直整合及水平整合共計1, 194家廠商為研究對象,利用OLS多元計量模型進行實證分析,並以勞動生產力作為衡量經營績效的指標,首先欲探討「廠商特性」、「投資動機」與「整合模式」對勞動生產力的決定因素,進而分析不同整合模式下的「廠商特性」與「投資動機」對勞動生產力的影響。整體實證結果發現「垂直整合」對台商赴中國大陸投資勞動生產力具有顯著影響,「資本密集度」、「國際化程度」與「政策因素」之垂直整合廠商,亦均對勞動生產力具有顯著影響。就廠商特性而言,「廠商規模」、「研發密集度」、「資本密集度」是影響台商赴中國大陸投資勞動生產力的決定因素;當廠商不考慮「研發密集度」因素時,「資訊電子工業」及「國際化程度」方為影響勞動生產力的重要因素。而投資動機方面,僅「政策因素」是影響勞動生產力的決定因素。

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