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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

退休人員的退休生活適應與家庭、社會支持--以台北市為例 / The retirees post-retirement adaptation and their family and social support: a case study of Taipei City

莊馨然, Chuang, Hsin Jan Unknown Date (has links)
我國自1993年進入高齡化國家以來,人口老化的速度相較於歐美國家更為迅速驚人,高齡少子化的影響下,人口結構呈現倒金字塔,此意味著對老年退休生涯的重新詮釋。退休是生命歷程中的重大轉折點,現代退休者通常需面臨20-30年以上漫長退休生活,如何能活得老、活得好,增進老年退休的生活適應,是當前重要課題。 本研究旨在了解台北市退休人員於退休後的生活適應歷程,以及在適應過程中其家庭、社會支持的支援現況,採用深度訪談法,共訪談了10位年齡為56歲至82歲、居住於台北市且從職場退出2年以上之已退休人員。 本研究結果發現如下:1.受訪者的家庭支持之於家庭適應的支援情形,係以情緒性支持為最重要,獲得的主要來源為子女、孫子女,其次為配偶、兄弟手足,顯見晚輩的陪伴與所提供的情緒慰藉是退休後生活適應的重要影響因素。2.其次在工具性支持方面,則隨著社會結構的變遷,由傳統仰賴子女轉變為傾向自我規劃、準備,甚至還需要提供子女、兄弟手足協助;至於在意見、資訊傳遞的訊息性支持,則是採雙向交流、互動的溝通模式進行。3.退休代表著社會地位的改變、人際關係的疏離等,然而透過休閒娛樂的選擇安排、終身學習及志願服務的參與等,甚至從中獲得自我成長與貢獻的成就感,降低喪失社會地位的失落感。4.經由政府單位、社會機構等主動提供有關健康、居住安養、休閒娛樂及教育、志工等訊息,使得人們得以尋求合適的支援甚至提前準備。5.從支持的來源區別,志同道合的老友與其他親友鄰居則提供簡易的物質支援或資訊,而老友所提供的情緒支持則非親友或鄰居可相比擬,但是人際關係的窄化確是不爭的事實。6.由於資訊科技的發達與知識水準的提升,受訪者多數無退休適應不良的問題,對於面對臨終的態度與安排,也多能坦然接受。此外受訪者皆認同維持身體健康是適應退休生活的首要目標。 依據本研究發現,提供以下建議:1.未來能透過教育來加強家庭傳統價值,維持優良孝道觀念。2.在老年生活消費上建立補貼或優惠制度,紓緩經濟壓力、加強居住硬體設備並考量安養機構普及化、廣設老人活動中心。3.提供多元休閒選擇以維持人際互動、宣導志願服務以傳承經驗並發揮所長。4.結合社區環境並使老人教育課程多元化、政府主動推廣醫療照護訊息,讓大家能預先認識而預作準備。 / Since Taiwan became an aging country in 1993, increase in population aging rate has been more dramatic than Europe and North America. In addition to being a new aging country, decrease in fertility rate has turned Taiwan’s population structure into reverse pyramid. This phenomenon indicates a need to re-interpret senior post-retirement plans. Retirement is a crucial turning point in life; yet, retirees now face, on average, 20-30 years of retirement which is substantially longer then before. For citizens to - as captured in a Chinese saying- ‘live long live good’, improving the adaptability of post-retirement life becomes a critical question in contemporary society. This study focuses on retirees of Taipei City, their post-retirement adaptation, and family and social support received after retirement. This study conducted in-depth interviews with 10 retirees, between the ages of 56-82 and have retired for at least 2 years. The findings of this study are: 1.In terms of family support, emotional sustainment ranks as the most important element. Furthermore, the majority of interviewees reported that their source of emotional support are their children and grandchildren, then followed by spouse, family and friends. This shows company and emotional consolation provided by junior generations is a critical factor in determining whether or not the retirees adapts to the post-retirement life. 2.Secondly, in terms of instrumental support, traditional tendency to rely on children has changed, retirees now prepare and plan by themselves, as align with the change in social structure. Sometimes the retirees even provide assistance to their children, siblings and friends. In terms of information support, interviewees reported a more balanced two directional and interactive method of communication, yet another difference from traditional understanding. 3.Retirement means change of social statues, distancing of personal relationship, and etc., but through leisure and entertainment arrangement, lifelong learning program, volunteer participations, retirees gain confidence in self development and through contribution, and consequently decrease feeling of uneasiness with the change in social statues. 4.Information provided by government and social institutions on health, living arrangement, leisure and entertainment, education and volunteering opportunities, makes it possible for retirees to find suitable resource and prepare before retirement takes place. 5.From the perspective of support source, old friends and other friends/neighbors may both easily provide material resource and information, yet a major distinction lies in the fact that only old friends can offer emotional consolation. Hence, limited personal relationship still remains an irrefutable fact. 6.With the development of information technology and increase in knowledge accessibility, most of the interviewees reported no serious adaptability issues. Furthermore, they generally hold healthy attitude toward the end of life and their arrangement, accepting the natural course of life with embracement. Finally, all interviewees identified leading a healthy life to be the prime goal in post-retirement life. Recommendations based on the findings of this study: 1.The value of family should be implemented in future education to stress and maintain the concept of filial piety. 2.The government should devote specific senior subsidy and other incentive programs, because relieving financial pressure would be key to stabilizing post-retirement life. Furthermore, policies on facility and hardware establishment should focus on poularizing senior homes and dissemination of senior activity centers. 3.Options for leisure and entertainment should be expanded to maintain personal interaction and volunteer promotion, as these are effective ways for retirees to share their valuable life experience as well as crucial source for confidence-building. 4.Education on the diversity of post-retirement life and information on health care should be community-based, rendering knowledge more accessible to the population would better encourage understanding and preparation before retirement.
12

青少年挫折經驗與挫折容忍度之關係研究--建設性思考與社會支持的角色 / The relation between frustration experience and frustration tolerance of teenagers:the roles of costructive thinking and social support play

謝毓雯, Hsieh, Yu-Wen Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要是想了解青少年的挫折經驗與挫折容忍度之間的關係,並探討建設性思考與社會支持在其間所扮演的角色. 以臺北市及臺灣省701位國中生生為對象,採問卷調查的方式了解受試在挫折經驗、建設性思考、社會支持及挫折容忍度變項上的狀況.研究結果發現,挫折經驗與挫折容忍度之間成顯著的負相關.而當受試有較建設性的思考方式或有較高的社會支持及對社會支持有較高的滿意度時,其挫折容忍度亦較佳.至於建設性思考是否在挫折經驗和挫折容忍度之間扮演調節變項的部份,本研究只發現學業挫折經驗與積極正向性的思考之間有顯著的交互作用,而人際挫折經驗則與自我侷限性思考有顯著的交互作用;但是在社會支持部份,本研究並無發現其與學業或人際挫折經驗之間有明顯的交互作用.各變項所顯現的性別上的差異則相當符合一般人對男女的刻板印象;受試中,以國三學生的壓力最大,可能亦是輔導最可著力的ㄧ群. 上述的研究結果除可提供作為未來探究有關挫折經驗與挫折容忍度關係時的參考之外,亦可對學校教育及親職教育提供下列幾點建議:1.變化教材或教學方式,以減少學生的挫折經驗;2.提供老師建設性思考的課程,使師生在教學互動中培養建設性的思考,得以提昇挫折容忍度;3.對男女生的挫折經驗所提供的輔導方向應有所不同;4.培養師長、家長都能成為孩子遇到挫折時的社會支持來源;5.針對不同年級的學生提供預防教育課程,改變其對挫折的容忍度. / This research mainly intends to understand the relations between frustration experience and frustration tolerance of teenagers, and discuss the roles the constructive thinking and social support play in these issues.Based on questionnaire survey of 701 senior high school students, four variables-frustration experience, frustration tolerance, social support andconstructive thinking are investigated. The research results show that an obvious negative relation exists between frustration experience and frustration tolerance. Those who have more constructive thinking or receive more social support and accepted by the society have better performance on frustration tolerance. As to the question whether the constructive thinking play the role of a moderator variable between frustration experience and frustration tolerance, this research only found that obvious interactions exist between study frustration experience and positive thinking, as well as between human relation frustration experience and self-restrained thinking. However, the research did not find any obvious interaction between study/human relation frustration experience and social support. The different performance on different variables owing to sex difference complies with the stereotype. The research results also show that the graduating senior high school students suffer the highest pressure and could be the group that the assistance could really do something for.The research results mentioned above could provide useful information for further investigation on the relations of frustration experience and frustration tolerance. They also provide some advice for normal education andparents education: 1. Changing the teaching material or teaching methods in order to reduce the student's frustration experience. 2. Providing training courses with constructive thinking for teachers.It will build up constructive thinking as well as strengthen frustration tolerance both for teachers and students by way of teaching and studying - mutual responses. 3. The assistance provided for male or female students in order to conquer their frustration experience should be different. 4. Cultivating both parents and teachers the ability and willing of providing supports. Whenever teenagers face frustration, parents and teachers can become the source of social support.5. For students of different grades providing suitable preventive education courses in order to enhance their frustration tolerance.
13

補習班成人學生之內外控人格特質、不確定感、社會支持、考試因應策略與生活適應關係之研究

成靜傑 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討補習班成人學生之內外控人格特質、不確定感、社會支持與考試因應策略對生活適應影響的歷程。 研究樣本係自台灣北、中、南區補習班抽樣512位至21至48歲的成人學生。以「簡式內外控量表」、「準備考試不確定量表」、「社會支持量表」、「考試壓力因應行為量為」和「生活適應量表」為研究施測工具。所得資料以次數分配、相關分析、徑路分析等統計方法處理。 研究結果發現,在補習班成人學生的生活適應方面,內控傾向較高、社會支持較多及採取問題導向因應策略者其生活適應狀況較佳,而不確定感較高及採取情緒導向因應策略者,其生活適應較差。在壓力因應策略的使用方面,內控傾向較高和社會支持較多者較傾向採取問題導向因應策略,不確定感較高者較不傾向使用問題導向因應策略。而內控傾向較低、個人內在不確定感較高和工具性社會支持較高者,則較傾向採取情緒導向因應策略。 其次,以徑路分析解釋內外控傾向、社會支持、不確定感和壓力因應策略對生活適應之影響的研究結果指出,工具性社會支持和個人內在不確定感會透過問題導向因應策略而影響學習適應。內外控傾向、工具性社會支持、情緒性社會支持和個人內在不確定感會透過情緒導向因應策略而影響身心適應。此外,影響補習班成人學生學習適應的主要因素是個人內在不確定感和工具性社會支持,而影響身心適應的主要因素則是情緒導向因應策略和個人內在不確定感。亦即個人內在不確定感較低以及工具性社會支持較高的補習班成人學生在學習適應方面的狀況較佳,而較不採取情緒導向因應策略以及個人內在不確定感較低的補習班成人學生在身心適應方面的狀況較佳。顯見不論是在學習適應方面或身心適應方面,個人內在不確定感在影響補習班成人學生的生活適應上扮演著重要的因素,此發現可供往後在壓力或生活適應方面的相關研究加以繼續進一步探討。 針對以上結果,提出綜合討論及後續研究在對象、方法、工具以及變項上的建議,並對補習班學生之壓力因應及生活適應、補習班對學生之服務、教育主管行政機關之管理等方面提出建議。
14

文化中心主任領導行為、員工所受社會支持與組織承諾關係之研究 / A Study on the Relationship Among Leadership Behavior、 Social Support and Organizational Commitment in Culture Center

張新堂, Cheng, Shin Tarng Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要目的在探討:(1)文化中心主任的領導行為對員工的組織承諾是否具有影響力;(2)文化中心員工所受社會支持程度是否影響其組織承諾;(3)文化中心主任領導行為與員工所受社會支持程度對員工組織承諾是否具有交互作用;(4)文化中心員工的背景變項是否影響其組織承諾。   從文獻探討和實證調查結果,歸納結論並提出建議作為文化中心行政運作之參考。為達以上之目的,自編「文化中心主任領導行為與員工工作感受調查問卷」作為研究工具,以台灣省政府所轄之縣市中,已開放使用的十九個文化中心之員工為研究對象,隨機抽取580位員工進行問卷調查,有效樣本為445人,將蒐集問卷之資料,進行多變量變異數分析、單因子變異數分析及其他描述性統計。   根據實證調查結果,本研究主要發現如下:   一、文化中心主任不同的領導行為對員工的組織承諾其有影響力。    (一)文化中心主任不同程度的關懷行為,在員工組織承諾上有顯著的差異。    (二)文化中心主任不同程度的倡導行為,在員工組織承諾上有顯著的差異。    (三)文化中心主任採高關懷或高倡導的領導行為,其員工的留職意願及組織認同最佳。   二、文化中心員工所受不同程度的社會支持,對其組織承諾具有影響力。員工所受社會支持的程度愈高,其組織承諾愈高;所受社會支持的程度愈低,則其組織承諾愈低。    (一)員工受「直屬長官」不同程度的社會支持,在其組織承諾各層面上具有顯著的差異。員工受到直屬長官的社會支持程度愈高,其留職意願及組織認同愈高;員工受到直屬長官的社會支持程度愈低,則其留職意願及組織認同愈低。    (二)員工受「同事」不同程度的社會支持,在其組織承諾各層面上具有顯著的差異。員工受到同事的社會支持程度愈高,其留職意願及組織認同愈高;員工受到同事的社會支持程度愈低,則其留職意願及組織認同愈低。    (三)員工受「家人親友」不同程度的社會支持,對其組織承諾各層面並未達顯著差異。文化中心員工的留職意願及組織認同,均不會因其家人親友社會支持程度高低而有顯著的差異。   三、文化中心主任的關懷行為、倡導行為和員工所受社會支持程度對員工組織承諾各層面而言,其主要效果具有顯著性的影響,而且發現主任的倡導行為與員工所受社會支持的程度具有交互作用的影響。並進一步發現,文化中心主任對其員工採取高倡導行為時,而且員工得到高程度的社會支持,則其留職意願較高,但其組織認同仍未達顯著差異。   四、文化中心員工因其性別、年齡、服務年資、擔任職務、教育程度、婚姻狀況及工作部門之不同,在其組織承諾各層面只有部分具有顯著性的差異。
15

「社會支持」模式於新聞從業人員採訪創傷新聞事件後壓力調適之關係初探 / The relationship between the “social support mechanism” and traumatic stress journalists bear after covering trauma news events or traumatized victims

王靜嬋, Wang, Ching Chan Unknown Date (has links)
本研究目的為探討國內新聞從業人員在採訪創傷新聞事件後,是否亦間接地受到創傷壓力所影響;又,社會支持與記者的創傷壓力調適有何關聯;而至今國內新聞界在記者創傷議題這部分的認知與作法處於何種階段。在研究方法上,採用質化的深度訪談法,訪談了包括文字記者、攝影記者以及主管職位等13位國內電視新聞從業人員。研究結果發現,普遍而言,國內電視新聞從業人員所承受身心壓力都較一般人來得高,而部分曾經採訪過重大創傷事件或創傷受害者的記者,更可能經歷深層的創傷壓力徵狀,包括侵入性回憶、逃避、高度警覺等。另外,部分受訪記者對創傷新聞事件的反應冷靜,可能源自記者良好的心理建設,但仍有記者是因為同儕壓力、尋求榮譽感或生計壓力等原因,而必須表現勇敢、甚至漠然,此亦可能為創傷壓力反應的一種。容易造成記者創傷壓力的新聞事件主要包括兩類,一為重大災難,一為看似平常、但可能對個別記者影響深刻的普通新聞事件;而易造成創傷壓力之新聞事件特性包括事件本身的嚴重度、記者深入了解新聞故事、與記者關係密切的人成為新聞主角、具情感張力的畫面。最後,個性、性別、路線、職位、電視台定位等變項可能影響記者是否容易面對創傷事件並受創傷壓力所影響。 接著,研究發現記者主要以「自我調適」與「尋求社會支持」兩種方式來應對可能承受的創傷壓力。在自我調適的部分,受訪記者以「娛樂」以及「重新定義生命或工作價值」的方式,來調整自己的狀態。在尋求社會支持的部分,首先,不若國外文獻對同儕支持的全面推崇,國內記者認為同儕支持主要能夠滿足資訊層面,但對同儕支持所提供的情緒支持仍有遲疑,可能與國內新聞圈的競爭激烈有關;第二,記者認為新聞組織能夠、也必須提供全面的物質支持與資訊支持,但由於現今不論是第一線記者或新聞主管,對記者創傷議題仍不熟悉,因此大部分受訪記者對組織是否能提供情緒支持採保留態度;第三,國內電視記者已不排斥尋求專業支持,但這方面的資訊相當缺乏;第四,雖然記者在擔心傷害家人的情況下,對家庭較不提及自身所承受的創傷壓力,但家庭仍提供了記者深層的情緒支持;第五,宗教支持為國內記者能夠舒服地吐露自身壓力的管道,提供了全然的情緒支持,此為國內新聞脈絡較特殊之處。 再者,國內新聞界雖已開始對記者創傷議題開始有初步的認知與作法,但整體的普及度與實行度仍不高。本研究在理解國內情況與參考國外各新聞組織的作法後,對國內新聞界在記者創傷議題可能能夠努力的方向,提出了若干建議。最後,亦在思考研究發現與研究限制後,對未來學術研究提出幾點建議。 / This study investigated trauma experiences of journalists in Taiwan after covering disaster, crime and justice news or interviewing traumatized victims, and how social support mechanism plays a buffering role in their trauma-stress coping. This thesis also explored news rooms’ attention and response toward this issue. This study adapted the semi-structured interview and the grounded theory methodology to analyze in-depth interview data of 13 TV journalists inTaiwan, including script journalists, photojournalists, local journalists and managers. This study found that the interviewed journalists live under physical and mental pressure. Some of those who have covered traumatic news experienced traumatic symptoms, including intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Although some journalists keep calm when they confront traumatic stress events, we still couldn’t overlook the potential traumatic effect since journalists may suppress their authentic feelings because of peer pressure, sense of honor, or bread and butter. In addition, the interviewed journalists employed “self-adjustment” and “seeking social support” to deal with the traumatic stress. First, the journalists relieved their pressure by means of entertainment, and redefining the value of job and the priorities of life. As for social support, the journalists thought that peer support could satisfy the need of information, but may not necessarily offer fully emotional support because of the flaming competitions between journalists and news organizations. As for news rooms, the journalists asked for tangible support, namely resources and informational support, but were suspicious of the emotional support. Then, this study found that the journalists are willing to seek professional support, but seldom seek support from family because of the worry of horrifying their family members. However, it does not mean that the emotional support from family is not important, and being there is the best support for journalists. Finally, religion support is the main channel from which the journalists could feel safe, peace and calm, which is a unique phenomenon in the Taiwan media settings. In the end, after understanding the Taiwan media situations and consulting the practices of foreign news organizations, this study recommended some suggestions and implications for future studies and news rooms accordingly.
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社會支持、人格特質、個人屬性對老年人心理幸福滿足感影響之研究

羅凱南 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究採用Ryff (1989a)的心理幸福滿足感架構,探討社會支持、人格特質、個人屬性與老年人的心理幸福滿足感的關係。受試是文山區老人服務中心、台北聯合門診中心、政治大學附近的公園與台北市私立愛愛院等四處共150位老年人。以社會支持行為量表、人格特質量表、心理幸福滿足感量表與個人屬性問卷等作為研究工具。資料分析方式採用皮爾森積差相關與多元迴歸。 研究結果顯示:1.四種社會支持型態與社會支持滿意度或多或少和心理幸福滿足感的六個部分有顯著正相關,其中以情緒支持的影響最為明顯;2.控制源、統整性、內化性等人格特質大多與心理幸福滿足感的六個部分有顯著正相關,其中統整性、內化性與心理幸福滿足感的六個部分皆有顯著正相關;3.教育程度、經濟狀況、婚姻狀況、健康狀況、家庭生活狀況等個人屬性也大多與心理幸福滿足感的六個部分有顯著正相關;4.統整性與內化性愈高,傾向內控,加上家庭生活狀況也較好的老年人,其整體老年心理幸福滿足感較佳。 最後根據研究結果與討論,針對老年人心理幸福滿足感之增進,以及未來研究方向提出若干建議。
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台灣教師人格特質及社會支持與幸福感關係之後設分析 / A Meta-analysis of Personality traits, Social support, Well-being for teachers in Taiwan

蔡瑜庭, Tsai, Yu-Ting Unknown Date (has links)
本研究係以「後設分析」為研究方法,共採納國內二十四篇「人格特質與教師幸福感」與「社會支持與教師幸福感」的相關研究,以探究我國當前人格特質、社會支持與教師幸福感的現況,並探討不同調節變項對「人格特質與教師幸福感」或「社會支持與教師幸福感」的相關性之影響情形,其分析結果如下: 整體人格特質與教師幸福感在隨機效果模式下,其平均效應值為0.4330,表示教師的人格特質對其幸福感具有中高程度(.10<0.4330<.50)的正向影響。然整體人格特質與教師幸福感間卻存在高異質性(Q=65.22;p<.001),經研究結果發現,具有顯著差異的調節變項有:教師性別、婚姻狀況、教育程度以及任教階段共四項。 此外,人格特質的細部構面(神經質、外向性、開放性、友善性、嚴謹性)與教師幸福感在隨機效果模式下,除神經質對教師幸福感具有中程度(.10<|-0.3952|<.50)的負向影響外;其他人格特質,如外向性、開放性、友善性、嚴謹性等都對教師幸福感具有中至高程度的正向影響。然人格特質的細部構面(神經質、外向性、開放性、友善性、嚴謹性)與教師幸福感間卻都存在高異質性(p<.001),經研究結果發現,具有顯著差異的調節變項有:教師性別、年齡、婚姻狀況、教育程度、任教階段以及任教地區共六項。 而社會支持與教師幸福感在隨機效果模式下,其平均效應值為0.5564,表示教師若獲得社會支持的程度愈高,其幸福感也會愈高,兩者間具有高程度(0.5564>.50)的正向影響。然儘管社會支持與教師幸福感間存在高異質性(Q=326.45;p<.001),經研究後,受限於所納入的資料,未能發現具有顯著差異的調節變項。 最後,根據研究發現提出具體建議,以供教師、學校、相關教育行政單位及未來研究者參考。 / The present research employs meta-analysis as methodology based on the findings of 24 researches related to both the relationships between personality trait and teacher’s well-being, and the relationships between social support and teacher’s well-being. The purpose of this study is to understand the current status of the relationships between personality trait, social support and teacher’s well-being in Taiwan. The main findings of this study were summarized as follows: Under the random-effects mode, the average effect value suggests that the mean effect size of personality trait and teacher’s well-being is 0.4330. There is a high heterogeneity between the overall personality traits and teacher’s well-being(Q=65.22;p<.001). For the relationships between personality trait and teacher’s well-being,4 moderators(i.e., teacher gender, marital status, educational level and teaching stage)have a statistically significant impacts on the mean effect size for outcomes. Under the random-effects mode, the average effect results between the detail of personality traits and teacher’s well-being suggests that in personality traits, only neuroticism on teacher’s well-being with moderate (.10 <| -0.3952 | <.50) negative impact; other personality traits, such as extroversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, etc. have a sense of teacher’s well-being moderate to high degree of positive impact. There is a high heterogeneity between the details of the personality traits and teacher’s well-being(p<.001). For the relationships between The detail of the personality traits and teacher’s well-being, 6 moderators(i.e., teacher gender, age, marital status, educational level, teaching stage and teaching area)have a statistically significant impacts on the mean effect size for outcomes. Under the random-effects mode, the average effect value suggest that the mean ESs of social support and teacher’s well-being is 0.5564. Although there is a high heterogeneity between social support and teacher well-being (Q = 326.45; p <.001). Due to limitations of the study, there shows no significant difference on moderator variables The findings not only provide helpful information to teachers, schools, education authorities, but also generate practical suggestions for future studies.
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大學生的成人依附、社交能力、社會支持、寂寞與憂鬱之關係

李靜如 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要目的在探討有戀愛經驗大學生的「成人依附」、「社交能力」、「社會支持」、「寂寞」與「憂鬱」之間的關係。依此目的,本研究先探討不同背景變項的大學生在「逃避依附」、「焦慮依附」、「社交自我效能」、「困擾的自我揭露」、「社會支持」、「寂寞」與「憂鬱」上的差異情形,並以兩個模式探究有戀愛經驗大學生的「成人依附」、「社交能力」、「社會支持」、「寂寞」與「憂鬱」之間的關係。模式一探討「逃避依附、焦慮依附、社交自我效能、困擾的自我揭露、寂寞與憂鬱之關係」;模式二探討「逃避依附、焦慮依附、社交自我效能、困擾的自我揭露、社會支持與憂鬱之關係」。研究採問卷調查法,以台灣十一所大學805位有戀愛經驗的大學生為對象,並以隨機方式將之分為兩組,第一組399人,用來刪題與發展模式;第二組406人,用來驗證模式及探究不同背景變項的受試在各研究變項上的差異。研究工具包括成人依附量表、社交自我效能量表、困擾的自我揭露量表、寂寞量表、社會支持量表和憂鬱量表。資料分析方法為因素分析、信度分析、t考驗、單因子變異數分析及結構方程模式。 本研究以第一組樣本探討初始模式發現,初始模式與觀察資料間適配不理想,故根據修正指標進行修正,修正後的模式與資料適配後,再以第二組樣本驗證模式的穩定性,經驗證模式一及模式二具備相當穩定性,且模式一及模式二都與觀察資料適配,並能有效解釋變項間的關係。 主要研究結果如下: 第一,在背景變項方面:(一)女性受試的「困擾的自我揭露」與「社會支持」顯著高於男性;(二)一年級受試的「焦慮依附」顯著高於三年級及四年級的受試;(三)不在戀愛中受試的「逃避依附」、「焦慮依附」與「寂寞」顯著高於在戀愛中的受試,而在戀愛中受試的「社會支持」顯著高於不在戀愛中的受試;(四)無晤談經驗受試的「逃避依附」顯著高於有晤談經驗的受試,有晤談經驗受試的「寂寞」與「憂鬱」顯著高於無晤談經驗的受試。其他部分則無顯著差異。 第二,在模式方面:(一)逃避依附與焦慮依附會透過社交自我效能而間接影響寂寞,再間接影響憂鬱;(二)逃避依附與焦慮依附會透過社交自我效能而間接影響社會支持,再間接影響憂鬱;(三)逃避依附會透過困擾的自我揭露,間接影響社交自我效能,再透過社交自我效能間接影響寂寞,再間接影響憂鬱;(四)逃避依附會透過困擾的自我揭露,間接影響社交自我效能,再透過社交自我效能間接影響社會支持,再間接影響憂鬱;(五)焦慮依附會直接影響憂鬱;(六)焦慮依附會透過寂寞間接影響憂鬱;(七)焦慮依附對憂鬱的影響效果會大過逃避依附對憂鬱的影響效果;(八)困擾的自我揭露對寂寞不具直接影響力,困擾的自我揭露會透過社交自我效能間接影響寂寞;(九)逃避依附、焦慮依附、困擾的自我揭露對社會支持不具直接影響力,逃避依附、焦慮依附、困擾的自我揭露會透過社交自我效能間接影響社會支持。 最後,根據研究結果,針對個人、學校諮商與輔導實務及未來相關研究提出建議,以供參考。 / The Relationships Among Adult Attachment, Social Competencies, Social Support, Loneliness and Depression of College Students Ching-Ju Lee Abstract The main purpose of this research was to study the relationships among “adult attachment,” “social competencies,” “social support,” “loneliness” and “depression” of the college students who had romance. The researcher first investigated the differences in terms of “attachment avoidance,” “attachment anxiety,” “social self-efficacy,” “distress self-disclosure,” “social support,” “loneliness” and “depression” among the participants who had the different background variables. Also studied were the relationships among “adult attachment,” “social competencies,” “social support,” “loneliness” and “depression” of the college students who had romance by using two models. Model one was used to study “the relationships among attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, social self-efficacy, distress self-disclosure, loneliness and depression.” Model two was used to study “the relationships among attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, social self-efficacy, distress self-disclosure, social support and depression.” This study employed questionnaires to collect data. The participants of the study were 805 Taiwan college students who had romance from 11 universities, and were randomly divided into two groups. In group one, there were 399 participants whose data were used to cancel items and develop models, and in group two there were 406 participants whose data were used to test models and study the differences in regards of different research variables among the participants who had the different background variables. The participants were evaluated by Adult Attachment Scale, Social Self-efficacy Scale, Distress Self-disclosure Scale, Social Support Scale, Loneliness Scale and Depression Scale. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, Cronbach α analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA and SEM. The initial models tested by group one did not fit well with the observed data. Therefore, applying the modification index, the researcher modified the models till the models fit the observed data, then tested the models’ stability by group two, and came to confirm the stability of model one and model two. The researcher found both model one and model two fit the observed data, and could effectively explain the relationships among the variables. The main results of this study were as follows: First, about the background variables: 1. The scores of “distress self-disclosure” and “social support” of girls were significantly higher than those of boys. 2. The scores of “attachment anxiety” of freshmen were significantly higher than those of juniors and seniors. 3. The scores of “attachment avoidance”, “attachment anxiety”, and “loneliness” of the students who were not in love were significantly higher than those of the students who were in love, and the scores of “social support” of the students who were in love were significantly higher than those of the students who were not in love. 4. The scores of “attachment avoidance” of the students who had no counseling experience were significantly higher than those of the students who had counseling experience while the scores of “loneliness” and “depression” of the students who had counseling experience were significantly higher than those of the students who had no counseling experience. There were no significant differences among other variables. Second, about the models: 1. Attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety could affect social self-efficacy, and could thus in turn affect loneliness through social self-efficacy, and could indirectly continue to affect depression through loneliness. 2. Attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety could affect social self-efficacy, and could thus in turn affect social support through social self-efficacy, and could indirectly continue to affect depression through social support. 3. Attachment avoidance could affect distress self-disclosure, and could thus in turn affect social self-efficacy through distress self-disclosure, loneliness through social self-efficacy, and depression through loneliness. 4. Attachment avoidance could affect distress self-disclosure, and could thus in turn affect social self-efficacy through distress self-disclosure, social support through social self-efficacy, and depression through social support. 5. Attachment anxiety could directly affect depression. 6. Attachment anxiety could indirectly affect depression through loneliness. 7. The effect of attachment anxiety affecting depression was higher than that of attachment avoidance affecting depression. 8. Distress self-disclosure could not directly affect loneliness, while it could indirectly affect loneliness through social self-efficacy. 9. Attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety and distress self-disclosure could not directly affect social support, whereas they could indirectly affect social support through social self-efficacy. Finally, based on the results of the study, the researcher made some further suggestions for individuals, school counseling and future researchers.
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桃竹苗區國民中學兼任行政教師之幸福感 / The well-being of part-time administrative teachers of junior high schools in Taoyuan county, Hsinchu city, Hsinchu county, and Maioli county

周碩政, Chou, Shuo Cheng Unknown Date (has links)
為瞭解桃竹苗區國民中學兼任行政教師之幸福感與人口變項、學校環境變項、社會支持、個人變項、工作滿意度間的關係,乃以桃竹苗區國中兼任行政教師642人為研究對象,再採用個人基本資料量表、社會支持量表、人格特質量表、自尊量表、工作滿意量表等研究工具,獲取所需資料,再以描述統計、平均數差異t考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、調節迴歸分析、多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析。結果發現: 1.我國桃竹苗區的國中兼任行政教師,幸福感為中下程度。 2.40到49歲及50歲以上的國中兼任行政教師,比29歲以下的人有較高的幸福 感。 3.性別不同的國中兼任行政教師,對於幸福感的表現,彼此之間並沒有顯著差異存在。 4.已婚的國中兼任行政教師,其幸福感較未婚的人要高。 5.學校所在地不同與行政職務不同,國中兼任行政教師的幸福感並沒有顯著差異的存在。 6.學校規模18到35班的國中兼任行政教師,比17班以下的人,感受到較高的幸福感。 7.行政年資16年以上的國中兼任行政教師,比行政年資3年以下的,有較高的幸福感。 8.社會支持與國中兼任行政教師的幸福感有顯著的正相關,相關係數為.355。 9.社會支持的來源與國中兼任行政教師的相關性,以家人所給予的支持相關性最高,接下來依序為學生家長、同儕朋友、及長官。 10.社會支持的類型與國中兼任行政教師的相關性,以訊息性的相關性最高,其次為工具性的社會支持,最後是情緒性的社會支持。 11.內控型人格的國中兼任行政教師比外控型人格的人,對於幸福感的感受較高。 12.自尊與國中兼任行政教師的幸福感有顯著正相關的關係,其相關係數為.409。 13.工作滿意度與國中兼任行政教師的幸福感有顯著的正相關,其相關係數為.446。 14.國中兼任行政教師社會支持程度高的時候,工作滿意度愈高的時候,其幸福感感受也會愈高。在國中兼任行政教師社會支持程度高的時候,若工作滿意度愈低,也會降低其幸福感。所以,工作滿意度在社會支持與幸福感間有調節作用。 15.就全體國中兼任行政教師而言:「工作滿意度」、「自尊」、「社會支持」、「內控人格」、「行政年資16年以上」等五個變項,為預測國中兼任行政教師幸福感的重要變項,預測力為33.2%。
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原住民學生創造力發展及其相關因素之研究-年級、性別、教師教學創新行為、父母教養態度、社會支持與創意經驗、創造思考能力之關係 / The Development of Creativity in Aborigine Students.

李慧賢, Lee, Wai Yin Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要基於環境脈絡對創造力發展之重要性,並從發展的角度來探討原住民學生的創造力,主要探討處於截然不同文化脈絡中的原住民,其環境因素如何影善其創造力的發展;了解原住民學生的創造力、影響創造力發展的環境因素之現況,並探討人口變項(年級、性別)及環境知覺變項(學生知覺其最喜歡的一位老師的「教師教學創新行為」、「父母教養態度」、「環境支持」-社會支持及創新支持)與創意經驗、圖形/語文創造思考能力的關係。   本研究以臺灣地區國小、國中、高中(職)原住民學生為取樣對象,有效樣本共646名(國小男117,女137;國中男149,女129;高中(職)男64,女50)。所使用的研究工具包括「創意經驗開放問卷」、「生活經驗量表」、「我的老師」問卷、「我的父母」問卷、「環境支持量表」。研究中使用之統計方法包括因素分析、信度分析、變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、典型相關等。本研究主要結果如下:   一、原住民學生很少有創意經驗,其中(1)較常有的創意生活經驗是「開放心胸」、「生活風格的變化」、最少有的是「電腦程式設計」,整體而言,女生多於男生。(2)在「得獎獲選次數」部分,超過20%的學生有得獎或獲選:班級幹部、體育、孝悌楷模等、歌唱、繪畫、作文之經驗,整體而言,女生多於男生。(3)在創造思考能力部分:年級愈高,女生在「圖形創造思考能力」的分數愈高,且不論在那一個年級,女生皆高於男生。在「語文創造思考能力」部份,年級愈高,男、女生的分數都愈高;不論在那一個年級,女生皆高於男生。   二、原住民拳生之創意經驗與創造思考能力之相關中,(1)九類創意生活經驗中,除「電腦程式設計」以外,其餘皆與圖形、語文創造思考能力有顯著的正相關,且與「語文創造思考能力」的相關皆高於與「圖形思考能力」的相關。(2)「得獎獲選次數」與圖形、語文創造思考能力有顯著的正相關。   三、在年級與創造力的關係中:(1)高中(職)學生比國小、國中學生有較多的「運用新知精益求精」、「開放心胸」、「製造驚喜意外」、「舊瓶新裝」、「得獎獲選次數」等創意經驗;(2)國小、國中畢生皆比高中(職)學生有較多的「電腦程式設計」經驗;(3)高中(職)李生的比國小學生有較高的圖形、語文創造思考能力。   四、在性別與創造力的關係中:(1)女生比男生有較多的「運用新知精益求精」、「表演藝術創新」、「視覺生活的設計」、「開放心胸」、「得獎獲選次數」等創意經驗;(2)男生比女生有較多的「電腦程式設計」經驗;(3)女生比男生有較高的圖形、語文創造思考能力。   五、在學生知覺其最喜歡的一位老師的「教師教學創新行為」方面(1)學生知覺其最喜歡的老師在教學上的確有一些創新行為;不同年級在這種知覺上並沒有顯著差異,女生則比男生知覺到更多老師在教學上的創新行為。(2)學生愈是知覺到其最喜歡的老師在教學上有創新行為,其各種創意生活經驗也愈多,但年級愈高,相關的情形愈少,所有達顯著的相關係數中,以與「運用新知精益求精」最高,且女生的相關係數大致比男生高;(3)學生愈是知覺到其最喜歡的老師在教學上有創析行為,其得獎獲選次數愈多,尤以國小女生為然;(4)學生愈是知覺到其最喜歡的老師在教學上有創新行為,其圖形、語文創造思考能力愈高,尤以國中男生為然。   六、在學生知覺的「父母教養態度」方面:(1)學生知覺其父母教養態度還算重視成就要求盡力、積極教養主動參與,且「重視成就要求盡力」高於「積極教養主動參與」,國中學生知覺到的父母教養態度平均數是最低的;(2)學生知覺其父母教養態度愈是「重視成就要求盡力」、「積極教養主動參與」,其各種創意生活經驗也愈多,但年級愈高,相關的情形愈少,高中(職)女生甚至愈是知覺到父母「重視成就要求盡力」的態度,其「電腦程式設計」經驗愈少;(3)學生知覺其父母教養態度愈是「重視成就要求盡力」、「積極教養主動參與」,其得獎獲選次數愈多;(4)學生知覺其父母教養態度愈是「重視成就要求盡力」,其圖囤形、語文創造思考能力愈高。   七、在學生知覺的「社會支持」方面:   (一)在一般社會支持方面   (1)畢生知覺其一般社會支持以朋友支持最多、家庭支持次之、學校支持最少。(2)學生知覺受到愈多一般社會支持,其各種創意生活經驗也愈多,但年級愈高,相關的情形愈少,甚至出現負相關:高中(職)男女生的「學校支持」愈多,圖形、語文創造思考能力愈低;此外,「家庭支持」、「學校支持」愈多,「生活風格的變化」經驗愈多;「朋友支持」愈多,「運用新知精益求精」經驗愈多;(3)學生知覺受到愈多一般社會支持,其得獎獲選次數愈多,且以「朋友支持」最明額;(4)學生知覺受到愈多社會支持,其圖形、語文創造思考能力高,但三種支持中只有「朋友支持」愈多時,圖形、語文創造思考能力會愈高。   (二)在「創新支持」方面:   (1)學生知覺其創新支持以朋友支持最多、家庭支持次之、學校支持最少;年級愈高,朋友支持愈多;年級愈小,學校支持愈多;(2)李生知覺受到愈多創新支持,其各種創意生活經驗也愈多,但年級愈高,相關的情形愈少,甚至出現負相關:高中(職)男生的「學校創新支持」愈多,「電腦程式設計」經驗愈少,高中(職)女生的「學校創新支持」愈多,語文創造思考能力愈低;此外「家庭創新支持」愈多,「科學的創新的問題解決」經驗愈多;「朋友創新支持」愈多,「運用新知精益求精」、「開放心胸」經驗愈多;「學校創新支持」愈多,「生活風格的變化」經驗愈多;(3)學生知覺受到愈多創新支持,其得獎獲選次數愈多,且以「朋友創新支持」最明蘋;(4)學生知覺受到愈多創新支持,其語文創造思考能力愈高,但三種支持中只有「朋友創新支持」愈多時,語文創造思考能力會愈高。 / 646 aborigine students in elementary school (grade 5-6), junior high school(grade 2), and senior high school (grade 2)were studied to examine the relationship between grade, sex, social-environmental factors and creativity. Creativity were measured as creative experiences and creative thinking ability. Results indicated that elder students showed higher creativity than the younger ones andthat girls tender to be more creative than boys.There is a largely significant correlation between teacher creative behaviors, parenting style, social support which aborigine students perceived and their creativity.

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