早期馬克思的思想，尤其是對人的存在與問題，受到黑格爾與費爾巴哈很大的影響。但是馬克思並不侷限於兩位先哲的理論框架，而是將自己的理論深深紮根在人這個實際的個體上，馬克思真正關注的是人在現實社會中的處境，並致力於將理論化為實際行動。 身處在資本主義社會與現代性的洪流裡，「異化」的感受深深地衝擊我們，馬克思從異化的角度，試圖去建構一個沒有異化的自由人聯合體。自由人聯合體是馬克思運用啟蒙以來的主體理性與分析資本主義的歷史走向，所建構出來的理想社會。針對資本主義中異化人的處境，馬克思企圖將資本主義社會中的原子式個人轉為聯合起來的自由人，並且打造一個聯合勞動、彼此互助的自由人聯合體。雖然許多人對他的理論有褒有貶，但是卻不能否認，馬克思理論的啟發性與影響力。 關鍵字：馬克思、費爾巴哈、黑格爾、異化、類存在、自由人聯合體 / In the early thoughts of Marx, especially for human existence and problems, are effected by Hegel and Feuerbach very much. However, Marx didn’t limit himself to the theory frame of these two philosophers but rooted his theory in human being individual deeply. Marx real concerned about the situation of people in the real society and he was devoted himself to turn his theory to action. Being in the mighty torrent of capitalism society and modernity, the feeling of “ alienation” strikes us heavily. Marx tried to establish an unity of freedom without alienation from the point of alienation. The unity of freedom is an ideal society which Marx used reason of subject from the Enlightenment Age and analyzed the historical trend of capitalism. For the situation of alienated being in the capitalism, Marx tended to change atomic individual to united free people and made an unity of freedom which people work and help each other. Though many guys disagree with his theory, they still can’t deny that the enlightenment and effect of theory of Marx. Key words: Marx, Feuerbach, Hegel, alienation, being existence, unity of freedom

顧客關係管理(CRM)在國內外已有不少應用實例，但在醫療服務業鮮少被研究過，本研究嚐試將資料採礦的三大核心技術：資料庫管理、Domain知識與資料採礦技術三者予以整合，針對一個獨立經營主體（聯合診所），從行銷策略制定、營運策略描述與執行到經由資料採礦得到具體結果，重新檢討行銷策略之STP定位與導引未來經營策略，並提出一對一行銷的診所病患管理架構。 本研究以一個新成立的診所，取其開業之初(89年12月)至92年1月底止，所累積九千三百多位患者的5萬多筆門診就醫記錄進行資料採礦分析希望研究以下幾個問題： 1.哪些病患帶來最大利潤?為甚麼?哪些患者容易流失?為甚麼? 2.哪些交叉服務對何種患者適合?哪些服務對增加慢性病患者有幫助?糖尿病患者接受視網膜檢查的可能原因為何?婦產科門診所增加的病患,是否會同時接受診所內其他科的服務?是否應該繼續擴大其他專科? 3.診所病患主要的居住地區如何描述？ 研究結果顯示較高獲利組與高醫療費用,高忠誠度,高就診次數,高藥費比率,高慢性病費用比率有關，以疾病別來看，集中在慢性疾病患者身上。顯然經營策略上的意涵是如何爭取慢性病人的高度滿意及信賴度，贏得高忠程度，患者願意將診所視做健康上的守門人(Gate Keeper)，而從地區別分析中也發現一些，診所服務之涵蓋範圍，可以區分為距離效益、慢性病患者口碑效應與轉移效益。慢性病患者之分群可以分成黃金老主顧、會忘記看病的老主顧、快流失的老主顧、高穩定低忠誠度高獲利新客戶、不常來但還會來的一般客戶、已流失的舊客戶、已流失的中期客戶及流失已久的舊客戶，至於非慢性病患則不需太複雜的分群，本研究建議將非慢性病患者依健保卡卡序計算就醫忠誠度區分。慢性病患群流失的原因與無法提供完整治療，疾病症狀不明顯或與民眾對治療效益的看法改變有關（如更年期）有關。 就病人區隔分析及交叉服務的相關分析都可以發現，以慢性疾病群為中心，針對不同疾病群發展網路治療團隊，應該是未來診所擴張時需要遵循的最重要策略原則；另外健保案件類別的交叉分析，也發現增加預防保健服務可以增加慢性病人的案件，診所需要將成人健康檢查業務當作策略性業務，加強重視並提升品質。 本研究針對描述患者求醫行為過程所發展出對個人主要疾病診斷碼的歸戶處理、RFM相關指標方式、健保卡卡序計算忠誠度及邊際利潤的計算方式對於類似研究應該有其參考價值。至於本研究所提出的診所病患群分群架構，則有待進一步評估其達到CRM顧客最佳化的效果。 / At present, there are much of researches of Customer Relationship Management ( CRM ) and data mining in Taiwan. There is little research in medical service. Our research tried to integrate the three domains knowledge, DBA, domain knowledge of medical service and data mining techniques. This is a case study type research. The CRM Strategy Planning for Outpatient in Kai-Nan Group Practice Clinic by Data Mining on National Health Insurance Dataset. This research included 9300 cases of Kai-Nan Clinic, with nearly 50,000 records of OPD records from Dec, 2000 to Jan, 2003. Our research questions include as followings: 1、How to segment the outpatient, which segment is the most profitable? Which segment is loosing? Why? 2、Which cross service is necessary for what kinds of patients? What kinds of services will be benefit for recruiting chronic patient? What is the reason for the diabetes patient will receive funds examination in this clinic? Are the patients of GYN/OBS will also to be patients of other specialty? Is it necessary to include other specialty in this clinic? 3. Where is the most profitable patient in nearby area? Our study revealed that the most profitable patients is characterized by high medical cost, high loyalty to this clinic, high visit frequencies, high portion of medication fee and high portion of fee for chronic disease. Most of the profitable patients are suffered with chronic diseases. This implies that how to satisfy chronic patient with high satisfaction and earn their trust to be health gate keeper for this patient is very import issue for a clinic. From the results of area analysis for these chronic patients, we concluded the three effects for different areas, such as near-distant effect, public praise and addict effect for original doctors. The segments of chronic patients include golden regular customer、forgetful regular customer、loosing old customer、regular but lower loyalty profitable new customer、irregular general customer、loosed old customer、loosed past customer and loosed old customer. Regarding the segmentation of outpatients of acute illness, we recommended simplify classification according to loyalty that was calculated from the sequence of national health insurance card used in Taiwan. The chronic patients loosed in the clinic was due to lack of comprehensive treatment options, non obvious symptoms or the fears of treatment side effects announced from public media，such as hormone replacement therapy for post menopausal syndrome. We conclude that multidisciplinary team for comprehensive disease management is very important for clinics as our previous success experiences on diabetes patients. Our clinic should expand teams with out bond member according to the needs of our profiles of chronic patients. From association mining, periodic health examinations increase the base of chronic patients. It is strategic important to enhance the staffs and facility for handling periodic health examinations. Our research will also contribute to the following research issues , such as how to describe patients behaviors, how to extract the dominant diagnosis from patients health insurance records, modified RFM dimensions indexes、loyalty based on sequences of health insurance card in Taiwan and the model of calculation of marginal revenue for clinics. As regarding the efficacy of the patients’ segmentation model deserved further study.

由於台灣網路ICP新聞資料庫已被消費者大量搜尋、閱讀與使用，本研究選擇提供網路新聞內容查詢為主要服務項目的聯合知識庫為對象,進行實證探討。在聯合知識庫的網站的首頁上，針對網路族群為樣本對象，將問卷置放於網路環境以供填答。總共回收2817份有效樣本。 本研究應用G.B.Sproles 與E.L.Kendall(1986)兩位學者之論文發展出消費者決策特性的量表；同時為了測量消費者對服務品質的重視程度，依照了 Parasuraman、Zeithaml、及Berry(1988)三位學者所建構的SERVQUAL量表來做為ICP內容查詢服務特性的20個變項的尺度；然後再選擇廣為採用的四種線上收費模式來進行偏好的實證分析。而整個研究架構的支撐是以消費行為學者Del.I. Hawkins, Roger J. Best & Kenneth A. Coney(1992)所發展的行為研究模式來建立。期望能於研究結果發現網路族群心中最偏好的收費方式。 研究所使用的統計分析方法則有因素分析、T檢定、卡方考驗、變異數分析、迴歸分析等技術，藉以探討網路族群對查詢新聞資料的服務品質重視、消費決策特性、與收費模式偏好之間的相關差異與效果。整體研究結果可作為未來行銷策略的擬定參考。 研究結果發現： 1. 網路族群對ICP內容新聞資料庫收費模式偏好有顯著差異。 2. 網路族群對ICP內容新聞資料庫服務品質所重要的程度不同,對收費模式偏好有顯著差異。 3. 不同網路消費決策特性對收費模式偏好有不同看法。 4. 不同網路消費決策特性所偏好的收費模式,在服務品質重視度上的看法有顯著差異。 5. 年齡與教育程度是影響收費模式偏好之重要因素。 6. 人口統計變數之不同，會影響樣本對小額付費制與預付制之偏好程度。網路族群的人口統計變數對收費模式偏好的顯著相關之中，對小額付費制與預付制有明顯的看法。不同的個人屬性會有不同偏好。其中只有年齡與教育程度有明顯相關，年齡越輕越偏好小額付費,年齡越長(多於年輕者)則偏好預付制；而教育程度高的人有部份會偏好小額制。其它的變項則無明顯差異。 7. 網路族群可接受新聞內容查詢資料庫多元化設計的收費模式。 8. 網路族群較偏好預付制收費模式並期望所享折扣應較多。 9. 因素分析後的三大服務品質因子與四大消費決策特性對收費模式皆呈顯著相關,收費模式對上述二類因子也呈現部份的差異性。 10. 網路族群對ICP內容新聞資料庫服務品質重要性的重視程度經因素分析後，分別為：重視內容品質、使用互動便利性、即時時效性等三大因子。 11. 網路族群在ICP新聞內容查詢服務的消費決策類型可歸納為：理性經濟型、感性衝動型、低價傾向型及基本功能接受型四種類型。 12. 樣本最偏好固定會費者,對服務品質沒有強烈偏好,比較重視內容。最偏好預付制的人最重視內容品質。最偏好小額付費的人最不重視新聞即時性。他們也是最不偏好預付制的人。內容品質及即時性都對小額付費的人不重要。 13. 本研究得出兩個收費模式偏好預測模式，可預測消費者選取固定年費制與預付制之機率。兩個收費模式偏好預測模型，分別如下： logit(p1)=log[p1/(1-p1)]=0.1448*X1+0.1381*X2 p1為選取固定年費之機率 X1為便利性平均重視程度之標準化分數 X2為相關性平均重視程度之標準化分數 logit(p2)=log[p2/(1-p2)]=0.1198*X1+0.1*X2 p2為選取預付制收費之機率 X1為可靠性平均重視程度之標準化分數 X2為充分性平均重視程度之標準化分數 本研究同時發現：現行於ICP新聞內容資料庫查詢服務的收費方式,在實務界是採單一的收費模式，此種方式並非消費者最偏好的選擇。網路族群會因服務品質的重視度不同而有不同偏好。針對於不同族群，網路經營者對收費模式的擬定，未來應以不同的個人屬性而訂定，依循其所重視的服務品質面向，提供多元而彈性的收費策略，以提昇網站的競爭力。 關鍵字：ICP新聞內容查詢、服務品質、消費決策特性、收費模式偏好 / The Analysis on the Internet Consumers' Decision-Making Behavior and their Preferences to the Service Quality and Pricing Models in News-related Online Database & A Case Study on UDNDATA.com Adviser: Dr. Chu Fongkang Tung-Ju Yang ABSCRACT As consumers vastly search, read and use Taiwan's Internet news and database,the research purpose is to exam the online news content search service, udndata. com. The first dimension of the research is based on the models of consumer’s decision-making behaviors which were developed by G.B. Sproles and E.L. Kendall (1986). The other dimension is based on the models from the SERVQUAL scale by Parasuraman、Zeithaml and Berry. The scale was constructed in 1988 and was proved effective. The research use the consumer’s behavior model invented by Del. I Hawkins , Roger J. Best & Kenneth A. Coney in 1992. The research's questionnaireswas posted on udndata.com which randomly allowed average internet consumers to complete. The first dimension of the questionnaire is using ICP content search service's 20 variables to measure the degrees of consumers' regards; the second dimension is about four available online pricing models and let consumers select their own preference model; the third dimension is to look into online consumers' buying behaviors. The methodology of the research is including descriptive statistics, factory analysis, chi-square, ANOVA and regression analysis, to exam online consumers' regards, consuming behaviors and pricing preferences toward search news data service. The findings of the research can be references to future marketing strategies. There are 2,817 effective samples over the udndata.com, and the findings are as below: 1. For online users, there are significant differences to the content search pricing models. 2. For online users, the different degrees of regards to content search quality service will significantly affect their preferences toward pricing models. 3. Different online consuming decision-making behaviors will affect their preferences toward pricing models. 4. For on-line users , different demographics will affect the preferences toward pricing models. The variables of age and education will affect the preferences toward the micro payment and prepaid payment. The youths and high education status prefer the micro payment and the old prefer the prepaid payment. 5. There are significant differences to the pricing models' preference of different online consuming characteristics and the degrees of regards to content service quality. 6. For online users, it is possible for them to choose the multiple pricing models which are close to their personal demographic characteristics. 7. For online users, they prefer to the prepaid pricing model and expect more discounts choices. 8. The 3 groups of the quality services and 4 groups of the consumers’ decision-making behaviors through the factor analysis significantly affect the preferences toward the pricing models. 9. Through factors’ analysis, the online users put the emphasis on 3 characteristics as follows: 1.content quality 2.the convenience of interaction with users 3.the real time effect. 10. After factors’ analysis, the online users of the content search can be categorized as follows: 1. the economic type 2.the impulsive type 3.the low-price oriented type 4.the basic need type. 11. The people prefer the fixed-payment subscription are without strong liking to quality service, however, they pay more attention to the content. The people who prefer the prepaid payment concern the content quality more than others. The people who pay the least on the instant services prefer the micro-payment. The research also finds that the available pricing practice of ICP news content search is single and fixed, it's not consumers’ first choice. Because the online consumers' preferences are varied by their different degrees of regards. In future, the online marketers should emphasize more on different humanity attributes to customize pricing models for different consumer groups, and also take good care of their first service dimension priority to offer more multiple and flexible pricing strategies to enhance their online competitiveness. Key Words: Internet Content Providers’ Service, Pricing Model, News Database, Consumer’ Decision-Making Behavior

隨著全球人口結構高齡化和醫療技術的日新月異，使得全球醫療器材市場，正以前所未有的速度，快速地蓬勃發展，預估2006年全球醫療器材市場的總值約為1,643.57億美元，相對於2006年我國醫療器材產業的營業額新台幣690億元，我國目前大概只佔全球醫療器材市場總值的1.4%，相較於半導體、以及電子業稱霸國際，全球醫療器材市場，不啻是我國廠商的一片藍海! 2004年全球骨科市場的價值達190億美元，預期未來十年的年平均成長率將高達10~13%，聯合骨科在人工關節的設計與製造，具有亞洲第一的水準，非常具有競爭優勢，然而，由於歐美知名品牌的公司規模及在中國人工關節市場先驅者的地位，聯合骨科如何在激烈的競爭環境中脫穎而出，考驗著聯合骨科經理人的智慧；目前，聯合骨科在台灣及大陸，分別擁有約20% 以及10% 的市場佔有率，並在西安與新竹建立生產基地。 透過實際參與中國人工關節市場操作的台灣及大陸的聯合骨科經理人、競爭廠商經理人、以及學術界的專家的角度，利用策略行銷4C成本理論，分析聯合骨科在中國人工關節市場的發展現況的優缺點與可能的成因之後，本研究建議聯合骨科在運用有限資源的有效性及時效性的考量之下，可以考慮優先解決買者的外顯單位效益成本以及買者的專屬陷入成本，進而取得市場上的優勢，除此之外，如果他們能夠持續地提升技術層面的優勢之外，更進一步的創造行銷與服務方面的效能，必能在中國的人工關節市場上，取得優勢，創造出更亮麗的成績；深耕中國、佈局世界，以期與世界級的品牌大廠，能夠在全球的人工關節市場競爭上，有更卓越的表現！ / Along with global aging population and rapid advancement of medical technology, global medical devices market is increasing at the fastest speed ever and is reaching US$ 164B in 2006. 2006 Taiwan medical devices market is US$ 2.3B which is only 1.4% of overall global medical devices market. Comparing with dominant positions of Taiwan semiconducting and electronic industries, global medical devices market is a great “Blue Ocean” opportunity! Global orthopedic market will reach US$ 19B in 2004 and is expected to grow at 10-13% annually for the coming 10 years. United Orthopedic Corporation （UOC） is very competitive and is in a leading position in orthopedic joint design and manufacturing in Asia. Due to relative large company size and market pioneer position of well-known US & European brands in China, management team of UOC is facing a tremendous challenge to win this game；So far, UOC is holding 20% and 10% of market share in Taiwan and China, respectively. UOC has set-up manufacturing bases in both Xian and Hsin-Chu. After consolidating individual assessment of UOC management team, competitors’ management team as well as experts from academic society who are personally involving in orthopedic joint market in China and applying the strategic marketing analysis of 4C theory, we have concluded the strength/weakness and their possible causes of UOC current market status in China. Based on our findings, we suggest UOC could consider utilize its limited resources effectively and efficiently, as priorities, to build up its competitiveness on Cost/Utility ratio and Asset Specificity. If UOC can create effectiveness on both marketing and service furthermore, it can achieve competitive advantage and better performance in China orthopedic joint market；Establishing a strong foundation in China and structuring its market position in the world. UOC will be able to tackle face-to-face competition with world-class orthopedic companies in global market!

本研究係透過聯合國氣候綱要公約在臺灣的實踐為個案研究來就環境政策形成過程為政治經濟分析。首先，先就環境問題的原因與特徵及國際環境意識形成的政治經濟因素為介紹。為了個案研究，也檢視了國際環境法在全球暖化議題的發展來了解國際的發展方向，再就臺灣的國內環境政策與國際環境政策為了解以提供本研究的背景資料。透過深度訪談來就組織、法令及政策來探討聯合國氣候綱要公約在臺灣的實踐。本研究發現，組織的設計仍有部分限制，相關法令尚未全面的檢視，政策則缺乏一上位的指導綱領。由於政治及經濟因素均對環境政策的發展扮演著重要的角色，臺灣未來有關全球暖化政策的發展取決於執政黨的決心與執行力。 / This study explores the political economy behind the environmental policy making process through a case study of Taiwan’s practice of the UNFCCC. First, this study analyzes the reasons and characteristics of environmental problems, as well as the political economy of the formation of international environment awareness. For the case study, the development of international environment law toward global warming is reviewed to clarify international trends in dealing with this problem. Next, the author analyzes two aspects of Taiwan’s environmental policy: domestic environmental policy and international environmental policy in the past fifty years to give background information of Taiwan’s global warming policy. Then, through in-depth interviews, an examination of organization, legislation, and policy aspects of the UNFCCC practice in Taiwan is conducted to understand how the policy implements. The conclusions are as followed: (1) Institution settings for Taiwan’s global warming policies still have some limitations and need to be reviewed. (2) Although some GHG reduction regulations have already been sent to the Legislative Yuan to be reviewed, the government has yet to carry out overwhelming legal evaluation in all aspects to address the climate change issues. (3) Policy lacks superior guidelines laying out the direction for whole country to follow and implement. After all, political and economic factors both play influential roles in the development of environmental policy. Taiwan’s future action regarding global warming still depends on the determination and executive ability of the new ruling party.

本論文主要是以實質選擇權分析法對在最適決策下供應鏈及公司的價值進行評價。內容包含兩篇文章。第一章為緒論；第二章與第三章為主文。在此兩章中 ，我們會先介紹研究動機、目的與文獻探討，接著架構模型，據以求出於最適決策下供應鏈或公司價值的封閉解後，以比較靜態分析法分析各參數對供應鏈或公司價值的影響。第四章為總結。 / 第一篇文章為對在隨機成本下供應鏈的評價。該模型是以單一供應商、單一零售商與多個消費者組成之垂直整合的二階段序列式動態供應鏈為架構，假設市場的現貨價格為動態過程，供應商和零售商每單位商品的成本為隨現貨價格變動的隨機成本。在此模型中，供應鏈的經營者以銷售量為決策，聯合利潤最大化為目標。此外，存貨設定在零售商的一方，而零售商所持有的存貨可視為擁有一個無窮期的美式買權，當存貨出清時，如同執行一個美式買權一般，以促使利潤的實現。接著我們利用比較靜態分析法就無風險利率和現貨價格報酬率的波動度對於最適決策下所求得的供應鏈價值之影響進行分析後，得到供應鏈價值會隨著無風險利率的上升而增加，亦會隨著現貨價格報酬率波動度的提高而增加。此結論和Cortazar and Schwartz(1993)以兩階段製造產品為運作模式之公司價值就無風險利率和現貨價格報酬率的波動度進行比較靜態分析後所得到的結果一致。 / 第二篇文章為對在隨機匯率下兩階段生產之公司進行評價。此文考慮Cortazar and Schwartz(1993)的模型，在產品之製造為兩階段式生產的條件下，納入隨機匯率，用實質選擇權分析法，評價以外銷專案為標的之公司價值。我們針對模型中的參數：本國的無風險利率、以外幣計價之現貨價格報酬率波動度及匯率波動度的變化對公司價值的影響進行分析後，而得到這些參數與公司價值呈現正相關的結果。此外，因動態現貨價格與隨機匯率的相關性 ，我們亦分析現貨價格和匯率的相關係數對公司價值之影響後，得到兩者正相關程度越大或是負相關程度越小時，公司價值就越大，從而體認到僅從匯率走勢的升值或貶值來判斷外銷專案價值有利與否是不夠詳盡的，還要考慮現貨價格和匯率交互影響的程度，決策者才能做出有利於外銷專案更好的決定。 / 最後，我們將此兩篇文章歸納出一些重要的結論後，接著針對本論文研究主題的未來發展方向，提出一些觀點和建議，以作一個總結。 / This text uses a real options approach to price the value of the supply chain or the company. It contains two articles . Chapter 1 is the introduction; Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 are the main text.In these chapters, we introduce the study motive and literature review, the model, the closed form of the supply chain or the company in the optimal operating policy, and then use comparative statics method to analyze the effect of some parameters that risk-free interest rate, volatility of the spot price, volatility of the exchange rate etc. Finally, we give a summary. / The first article is in Chapter 2. It is to price the optimal value of the two echelon sequential dynamic supply chain which is composed of one supplier, one retailer and many consumers. In this model, we assume that the spot price of goods is a dynamic process, the costs of the per unit goods of supplier and retailer are up to the change of the spot price, the sales volume is the decision strategy, and their aim is to maximize joint profits. In this supply chain, the value of the stocks for retailer can be regarded as a perpetual American call option. Finally, we will use comparative static to examine the effect of the volatility of the spot price and risk free rate for the optimal value of the supply chain, and we obtain the same results as Cortazar and Schwartz’s (1993) optimal value of two-stage companies. / The second article is in Chapter 3. Based on the extended the Cortazar and Schwartz (1993) model, we use the Real Options Approach to price the closed form of the value of the two-stage production for a company under stochastic exchange rate. With regard to the parameters in the model: domestic risk-free interest rate, the volatility of the foreign spot price, and the volatility of the exchange rate, we find that the domestic risk-free interest rate, volatility of the foreign spot price, and the volatility of exchange rate have positive correlated with the optimal value of the company. Moreover, due to the correlated relation between the dynamic foreign spot price and the stochastic exchange rate, we analyze the change of the coefficient of correlation between the foreign spot price and the exchange rate, and obtained the more large optimal value of the company when they are more large positive correlated or negative correlated. In other word, we need to consider the influence between the foreign spot rate and the exchange rate at the same time, and then the manager can make the optimal decision about the exporting project. / Finally, we summed up some important conclusions of Chapter 2 and Chapter 3, and then proposed some views and suggestions for the study the theme and the developing direction in the future.

本論文主要分為三個部分，旨以聯合國(United Nations)與中華民國合作開發海埔新生地為例，分析援外機構與中華民國的互動關係，探討雙方在技術合作上的外交斡旋與成效。 第一部分「聯合國與國際合作」，從國際合作的源流角度切入，介紹聯合國成立前後如何吸納國際合作的概念，規劃各時期的合作發展政策；並且著重在冷戰框架下，分析親美國家為了拉攏新興國家，鞏固聯合國票源，如何在1950、60年代推動聯合國援外機構的成立；以及制定各項扶貧政策。第二部分「聯合國協助臺灣開發海埔新生地」，將技術合作層面轉以臺灣開發海埔地為例，首先介紹新生地的成因，敘述中華民國建設海埔新生地的背景因素。接著探討技協機構與中華民國的技術合作，論述來自聯合國的外籍專家與國內技術人員的合作情形，並以聯合國特別基金(United Nations Special Fund)的技術協助與世界糧食方案(World Food Programme)的食糧援助為主要論點。第三部分「國際合作的成效與檢討」，討論聯合國特別基金與世糧方案的開發計畫結束後，各區新生地移交給中華民國政府的維護情形。主要包含中華民國如何回應聯合國提出的建議，國內專家學者對此次合作的評價，以及中華民國政府如何藉由國際合作的名義，發展與周邊國家的關係，突破外交逆境等。 當今的中華民國不時嘗試如何突破外交困境、推動重返聯合國。除了政治性的議題外，我們還應瞭解國際組織存在的意義，是在推動國際合作。1950、1960年代的中華民國，曾與聯合國進行深入的國際合作，也促成了臺灣的發展。因此，本研究由國際合作的觀察入手，俾能為戰後我國國際關係之研究略盡綿薄之力。

本論文選擇聯合國最主要採取的三種干預制度：成立國際法庭、部署維和行動、以及實施制裁措施等，透過統計與分析中共在安理會中對於相關決議案的投票記錄與發言記錄，來探討聯合國採取這些干預措施的特性，以及中共對於這些干預制度的政策特性。我們可以發現到，雖然這三種干預制度都各自有不同的憲章依據，其實施對象與運作特徵也都有所差異，但從聯合國的實踐結果來看，這些措施作為安理會處理危及國際和平與安全情勢的工具，是被視為一套整體的實施策略來運用的。同時也發現到，中共的政策作為與策略考量，確實是展現了其所宣稱的「立場堅定，策略靈活」的特性，尤其是到了冷戰結束以後，對於聯合國的干涉議題上，中共的作為開始展現了更多的彈性，亦即對於聯合國干預措施，展現了更大的配合程度，顯現出中共對於這些議題的利弊得失策略已經有所轉變，將對於不干涉原則的堅持，轉而為要求聯合國在進行干預時，必須具有合法性。 聯合國所實施的干預措施，有其現實考量的必要性，但也都產生了關於侵犯國家主權與介入內部事務的疑慮，因此，對聯合國而言，對這些機制進行必要的改革，已經獲得極大的共識，而對在安理會擁有否決權力的五常任理事國而言，同樣肩負著如何增進聯合國行動的效率，以及維護國家體系運作的基本原則，尤其對中共而言，如何在建立負責任大國的形象，以及爭取國家利益方面獲得平衡，更是當前中共外交政策的重要課題。

本文以公平交易委員會於2007年8月30日第825次委員會決議，就國內三大乳品公司，即統一企業股份有限公司、味全食品工業股份有限公司及光泉牧場股份有限公司於2006年8月1日同步調漲鮮乳銷售價格一案為例，探討一致性行為與公平交易法規範關係之研究。 本案值得探討之處在於公平會於本案之處分中，係首次依公平交易法第24條、行政罰法第10條，論以被處分人未克盡防止「足以影響交易秩序之顯失公平行為事實發生」義務之行政法上不作為犯。 本文經研析公平會於處分書中所載事證與公平交易法第24條、行政罰法第10條之涵攝及適用情形後，試提出評析意見。另據本案所顯示之事證，本文認為公平會於本案執法上，若採以一致性行為論處似較為妥適，並提出此看法之適用見解。 / The objective of this dissertation is to expound the relation between concerted action and Fair Trade Law by studying administrative action for concerted increasing price action in three leading milk products companies case. This case is wothy studying for it is the very first time for FTC to punish actors’breaching of duty under administrative law for fail to prevent the occurrence of the obviously unfair conduct that is able to affect trading order. By analysising the disclosed evidences and the way FTC applying article 24 of Fair Trade Law and article 10 of Administrative Penalty Act to the case, the auther make a try to present the concerning legal opinions. The study suggests it would be a proper way to deal with the case by applying the concerted action theory. At last, concerning legal opinions are also presented to support the conclusion of the study.

我國農業用地實施休耕補貼之相關政策迄今已逾32年，該政策因長期推行，導致大量農田連續休耕及廢耕，致使生產環境惡化及農地資源浪費，龐大的休耕補貼金額不僅侵蝕國家財政亦讓農民產生不勞而獲之錯覺。農委會冀望透過「調整耕作制度活化農地計畫」的政策目標，本研究選取彰化縣福興鄉、芳苑鄉、大城鄉等領取補貼金額將近該縣半數之農業鄉為樣區，目的在於檢視該政策施行是否具有農業多功能性及永續發展，並就計畫產生的問題擬定對策和修正建議。 　　本研究以文獻分析及深度訪談作為研究方法，透過多功能性的多項評估指標檢視研究結果發現：在經濟生產面向中，量化成果達成率極高，活化農地減少影響鄰地耕作，創造小地主大佃農契機，政策執行成果整體偏向經濟生產面；至於社會生活面，則因農村人口老化、青農返鄉誘因不足與耕地取得不易等，不甚彰顯。另於生態環境面，因多施行慣行農法對於環境較不友善。因而，農業多功能性聯合產出特徵不明顯，離農業永續發展目標仍有距離。 　　本研究建議，政府對休耕地活化補貼政策應再作調整，就商品產出面言，加重申報不實罰責及建立政策退場機制，以確保農業競爭力，並考量因地制宜明定復耕作物項目；就非商品產出面言，應排除耕作困難地補貼，增加環境生態或景觀維護補貼，俾利展現農業多功能，實現永續農業目標。 / Taiwan has been subsidizing the fallowing of agricultural land for 32 years. Due to the long period of execution of the fallowing policy, large areas of agricultural land have been continuously fallowed or abandoned, causing the deterioration of production environment and waste of agricultural resources. In addition, the large amount of subsidy has not only eroded the country’s financial situation, but also caused misconception of farmers of reaping without sowing. The Council of Agriculture expects to achieve the policy objective through adoption of “Adjustment of Farming System and Plan of Revitalizing Fallow Agricultural Land.” This study selects half of the agricultural townships receiving subsidies in Changhua County such as Fuxing Township, Fangyuan Township and Dacheng Township as examples. It aims to examine whether or not this policy is able to facilitate agricultural multi-functionality and sustainable development, in order to formulate countermeasures and suggestions. 　　 　This study utilizes literature review and in-depth interviews as research methods. Through various Multi-functional indices, this study discovered the following phenomenon. First, from the perspective of economic production, the extremely high achieving rate for revitailzing fallow farm land reduces the impact on the farming of neighboring fields, and creates opportunity for small landowners to become big tenant-farmers. The outcomes of policy execution are tilted to the economic production. Second, in terms of the aspect of social life, due to the aging population in the farming villages, less incentives for young farmers to return to hometowns and difficulty of acquiring arable lands, it is difficult to manifest results. Last, regarding the ecological environment, owing to the unfriendliness of conventional farming skill, the characteristics of Multi-functional agricultural outputs are unclear. There is a certain distance to go to reach to goal of sustainable agricultural development. 　This study suggests that the government should adjust the Fallow Land Subsidy Policy. As for the output of Commodity outputs, government should aggravate the penalties for false declaration and establish the exit mechanism, in order to keep the competitiveness of Taiwan’s agriculture. It is essential to clearly indicate the replanting items that suits local circumstance. With regard to the Non Commodity outputs, the subsidy for difficult arable land should be abolished. Nevertheless, the subsidy for maintaining environmental ecology and scenery should be increased. These measures can help achieve the Multi-function of agriculture and realize the goal of sustainable agriculture.