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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

我國財務會計準則第34號及第36號公報對企業操作衍生性金融商品之影響

賴怡君 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究之研究主題有兩大部份。第一部份探討公司特質與其使用衍生性金融商品之關聯性。第二部份探討公司特質與其使用衍生性金融商品程度之關聯性,並檢驗我國財務會計準則第34號及第36號公報實施後,對企業操作衍生性金融商品之影響。 第一部份之實證結果顯示,公司規模愈大、長期負債比率愈高、股利發放率愈高、流動比率愈低、研發費用率愈高以及外銷比率愈高之公司,愈傾向使用衍生性金融商品。上述公司特質為企業使用衍生性金融商品之決定因素。 第二部份之實證結果顯示,公司規模愈大、長期負債比率愈高、股利發放率愈高以及外銷比率愈高的公司,其衍生性金融商品使用程度愈大。此外,第34號及第36號公報實施後,樣本公司使用衍生性金融商品之程度低於公報實施前,故推論此兩號公報之實施,的確影響公司對於衍生性金融商品之操作,使其態度趨於保守。 / This study focuses on the following issues. First, this study examines the relationship between corporate characteristics and its use of derivatives. Second, I further investigate the relationship between corporate characteristics and its degree of use of derivatives. In addition, the impact of SFAS No.34 and No.36 on corporate use of derivatives is also examined. The main conclusions are as follows. On the first issue, the empirical results show that for the firms with greater size, greater long-term liability ratio, greater dividend payout ratio, lower current ratio, greater R&D ratio and greater export ratio, they are more likely to use derivatives. These characteristics are important determinants for corporate use of derivatives. In the second issue, the empirical results indicate that for the firms with greater size, greater long-term liability ratio, greater dividend payout ratio and greater export ratio, their degrees of using derivatives are greater. In addition, the degree of corporate use of derivatives decreases after SFAS No. 34 and No. 36 became applicable. The corporate use of derivatives became more conservative after the application of these two pronouncements.
12

波動度選擇權套利分析與策略:應用於香港衍生性金融市場 / The Long & Short Volatility Option Trading Analysis: With Application to Hong Kong Derivatives Warrants Markets

鄭凱名, Cheng, Kai-Ming Unknown Date (has links)
本論文的理論研究先進入選擇權的理論基礎,探討選擇權重要的定價理論與選擇權最新的避險理論,再進一步探討波動度選擇權套利理論,分析利用買權與賣權持入波動度(Long Volatility)或放空波動度(Short Volatility)的組合價值變化。 實證分析方面,本研究將此波動度選擇權套利理論應用在全世界權證交易最活絡的香港權證市場,採取過去1998年香港權證市場做為實證的期間與對象,並且選取香港□生指數前三大成份股:長江實業、匯豐控股、香港電訊做為實證上的樣本,從中各選取其相關權證中交易最活絡的前三支備兌認購(沽)權證做為波動套利理論實證,本研究為力求與套利時能與香港實務環境相吻合,亦進一步分析香港衍生性金融市場的交易制度與投資成本,予以詳細考慮香港權證與證券市場的交易成本與稅賦,並且將可能衍生的成本加計香港的銀行利息,試圖求取最符合實務環境下的資金成本。並且考慮三種不同波動度的估計方式,期望在嚴謹的分析下,比較出最客觀的套利方式。除此之外,並列舉出香港實務界在操作權證或選擇權常用的套利策略。 我們發現在過去1998年香港權證市場應用波動度選擇權套利策略都能產生超額的利潤,而且比較三種波動度估計下的套利表現,發現採取Garman & Klass波動度估計式整體套利表現優於隱含波動度(Implied Volatility)與傳統的歷史波動度(Historical Volatility) 的計算方式。 另外發現的是:採取持入波動度套利時,股價大幅下跌,較股價大幅上漲的套利利潤要高出許多,這樣的實證結果與股價下跌市場波動度上升、股價上漲市場波動度下降的理論現象完全一致,因此發現當我們採取持入波動度策略,面對股價大幅下挫而使得市場股價波動度上升,所能捕捉到的套利利潤亦隨之大增。此外,我們利用認購權證推算隱含波動度亦可發現香港備兌權證具有波動度微笑(Volatility Smile)的現象。故本研究實證結果與理論皆獲得一致的結論。 值得一提的是:本研究嘗試利用權證推算市場隱含波動度,在適當的時機採取不同的波動度套利策略,靈活採取持入波動度與放空波動度的套利操作,皆能獲取比單純只採取持入波動度套利策略較高的報酬,值得提供給市場投資者予以深入探討。 PART1:緒論 第一章 前言與緒論 第一節 研究背景與動機…………………………………..….…1-1 第二節 研究問題與目的 ……………………………………….1-2 第三節 研究範圍與內容…………………………………….…..1-2. 第四節 論文架構流程…………………………………………...1-4 PART2:理論探討與文獻回顧 第二章 現代選擇權定價理論 第一節 Black-Scholes Model .…………………………………..2-1 第二節 Black-Scholes Extended Model…………………………2-3 第三節 CRR Binomial Tree Model……………………………...2-7 第四節 B-S Model的缺陷與實務上的限制……………………2-8 第三章 現代選擇權避險理論 第一節 影響選擇權價值的因素及其價格敏感性……….…….3-1 第二節 風險中立避險法…………………………………..……3-8 第三節 永恆靜態避險法…………………………………….….3-3 第四節 選擇權在交易成本下之間斷性避險…………………..3-16 第四章 股價波動度下之選擇權套利理論分析 第一節 持入波動度套利理論分析……………………………..4-1 第二節 放空波動度套利理論分析……………………………..4-19 第三節 波動度賣權套利理論分析……………………………..4-27 第四節 選擇權合成套利理論分析……………………………..4-37 PART3:波動度套利理論之實務應用:以香港備兌權證市場為實證 第五章 香港認購(沽)權證市場之析論 第一節 備兌認購權證與權益認股權證…………………………..5-1 第二節 香港股票選擇權、認股權證與恆指選擇權之比較……..5-2 第三節 香港權證市場之交易制度與投資成本分析……………..5-5 第四節 香港備兌權證市場之投資實務…………………………..5-8 第六章 香港實務界常見的選擇權套利策略 第一節 多頭市場:牛市認購(沽)跨價套利…………………6-1 第二節 空頭市場:熊市認購(沽)跨價套利…………………6-3 第三節 波動市場:購入馬鞍式與勒束式組合…………………6-6 第四節 盤整市場:比率認購(沽)跨價套利…………………6-8. 第五節 各種選擇權套利策略之總結……………………………6-11 第七章 波動度套利實證分析與結果 第一節 分析香港權證市場近況…………………………………..7-1 第二節 資料描述與選取採樣……………………………………..7-7 第三節 股價波動度與市場交易成本之計算……………………..7-10 第四節 波動度套利: 以香港備兌認購(沽)權證市場為實證……7-13 PART4:總結 第八章 結論與建議 第一節 結論…………………………………………………………8-1 第二節 建議…………………………………………………………8-2 第三節 對後續研究之建議…………………………………………8-3 附錄一:1998年香港金融市場大事紀要………………………………..Ⅰ 附錄二:1998年香港恆生指數十大漲跌幅統計………………………...Ⅳ 附錄三:香港的銀行與證券商證券交易部份收費之比較………………Ⅴ 附錄四:香港證券市場常用術語解釋……………………………………Ⅵ 附錄五:長江實業、匯豐控股、香港電訊的歷史股價波動度圖………Ⅸ 參考文獻 / First, Our research tries to get into the theoretical base of the options:the important pricing theories and the most advanced hedging ones of the derivatives instruments. Further than that, by analyzing the changes of the portfolio value composed of long volatility and short volatility of call and put options, it would explore the essence of volatility option trading theory. On the empirical analysis front, we will apply the volatility option trading theory to the most liquid derivatives warrants market in the world □ Hong Kong derivatives warrants markets. The subjects in this research are Cheung Kong (Holdings) Ltd , HSBC Holding Plc , Hong Kong Telcom Ltd □ the three heaviest components in HK Heng Seng stock Index. And the sample period is 1998 with the derivatives warrants data of the three companies, we test the volatility option trading theory. In order to fit the HK market conditions while the arbitrage operation take place, we analyze the HK trading system and the investment costs derived from the interest charge by the bank in HK to reach the opportunity costs in line with practical environment. By comparison of these three different volatility estimators, we can define the most objective way to do the trading in the most discreet manner. On the top of that, we enumerate the common trading strategies with warrants and options in HK markets. We find that the volatility option trading theory can yield excess return in the 1998 HK warrants markets. Moreover, adopting Garman & Klass volatility estimators outperforms the implied volatility and the historical volatility ones as well. On the side line: when the investors trade with long volatility in the falling stock market profit from the strategies are much larger than the ones generated from sharply stock price rise market. The conclusion is consistent with the theory that when the stock price is falling; the market volatility increases and vice versa. Therefore the more market volatility caused by the stock price fall at the large scale, the more profit captured by the options trading method. By the way, in this process that we infer the implied volatility by using the market information, we can also find phenomenon of volatility smile which is coherent with the original theory. It worth mention that our research is approximated the implied volatility in the market with the warrants. By wisely adopting different volatility trading strategies in the different time and long & short volatility could profit better than purely the performance of long volatility trading strategies. That could pave the way for the market participants to study further on such issues in the near future.
13

會計師事務所審計人員對衍生性金融商品財務報導與查核能力之研究 / A study on auditors' cognition and audit ability on derivative financial instruments in Taiwan

李希道, Lee, Hsi-Tao Unknown Date (has links)
本研究的主要目的是探討會計師事務所審計人員對衍生性金融商品(DFI)的財務報導與查核能力,並分析可能影響此項能力的因素。另一目的則是希望探討審計人員對財務會計準則公報第二十七號的意見及看法,以及對這號公報的瞭解程度。本研究以問卷為蒐集資料的工具,在139份回收的問卷中,只有24位審計人員不知道什麼是DFI,約有九成的審計人員認為查核含有從事DFI交易公司之財務報表之審體審計風險較沒有從事此類交易的公司高。造成審計人員對DFI財務報導的認知程度差異的原因,經統計檢定後,有下列幾項: (1) 審計人員在事務所擔任的職位, (2) 審計人員認定衍生性金融商品的能力,以及 (3) 審計人員是否曾經查過衍生性金融商品。 造成審計人員對DFI財務報導查核能力差異的原因經統計檢定後,有下 列幾項: (1) 事務所的規模, (2) 審計人員之最高學歷, (3) 審計人員是否已取得會計師資格, (4) 審計人員在事務所擔任的職位, (5) 審計人員認定衍生性金融商品的能力, (6) 審計人員對衍生性金融商品的熟悉程度,以及 (7) 審計人員是否曾經查過衍生性金融商品。 審計人員是否曾查核過DFI並不會影響其對第二十七號公報的熟悉程度。此外,約三成的審計人員認為「各類商品之財務風險」與「商品之公平市價」是其依照此號公報查核DFI時最難決定之項目。至於審計人員如何驗證客戶在財務報表上所揭露關於DFI的公平價值,約各有三成的審計人員取得之方式為「採用公開市場之成交價」、「向銀行詢價」。 值得注意的是,在瞭解第二十七號公報的審計人員當中,只有約半數認為依照第二十七號公報揭露DFI,能幫助閱表者評估風險;同樣地,也只有半數的審計人員認為第二十七號公報能對他們在查核DFI時提供更明確的指引。審計人員是否曾經查核過DFI不會影響他們對這兩個問題的看法。 / In this study, the author investigated the degree of auditors' cognition and audit ability on derivative financial instruments (DFI) in Taiwan and he studied some factors that might affect these abilities. Besides, the author also investigated auditors' opinions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 27 in ROC. The author used questionnaire as a tool in gathering data. Factors that might affect auditors' cognition of DFI are as follows: (1) The current job position of auditors. (2) The auditors' abilities to recognize DFI. (3) The auditors' experiences of auditing DFI. Factors that might affect auditors' audit ability of DFI are as follows: (1) Firm size. (2) The highest education auditors received. (3) Whether they have got CPA license. (4) The current job position of auditors. (5) The auditors' abilities to recognize DFI. (6) The auditors' experiences of auditing DFI. (7) The extent of auditors' familiarity toward DFI. Auditors' opinions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 27 in ROC can be concluded as follows: (1) Only half of the auditors who understand this statement think it can help them to audit DFI related disclosures. (2) Whether auditors have audited DFI doesn't affect the extent of auditors' familiarity toward DFI. (3) "Financial risk" and " fair value of DFI" are two of the most difficult items to decide when auditors audit DFI.
14

企業操作衍生性金融商品內部控制之實證研究-以台灣非金融業上市公司為例

呂瑜庭, Lu, Yu Ting Unknown Date (has links)
自1970年代以後,匯率制度由「固定匯率制度」轉變為「浮動匯率制度」,貨幣政策由「利率管制誘導型」轉變為「貨幣供給量管制型」,而將利率交由市場決定。此種金融環境之變革,使企業為規避匯率及利率風險之風險,發展出許多新金融工具,「衍生性金融商品」乃應運而生。目前,衍生性金融商品在國際金融市場上扮演著不可或缺之角色。由於衍生性金融商品具有高槓桿及高風險的特性,利用衍生性金融商品固可達到交易、籌資、避險之目的,但若操作不當,其引起的損失亦不容輕忽。故操作衍生性金融商品時,應注意其相關之內部控制制度。本研究與瞭解企業操作衍生性金融商品之概況與內部控制情形,並進一步對其內部控制制度提出具體建議。研究方法以問卷調查台灣地區87年度操作衍生性金融商品之非金融業上市公司,樣本數為141份,回收67份,回收率為47.5%。   就操作概況而言,企業規模越大,操作衍生性金融商品之種類越多樣化,操作目的也趨向避險與非避險交互運用,此外,操作年數也越長。就內部控制情形而言,企業操作衍生性金融商品之控制環境、風險評估與控制活動、資訊與溝通及監督不會因產業別、資產總額、營業收入淨額、資本型態、對外投資狀況與國外貿易狀況之不同而有太大的差異。但在風險評估與控制活動方面,中外合資之企業於市場風險、信用風險及流動性風險上之表現較純本國投資之企業略佳,而在監督方面,有對外投資之企業較無對外投資之企業表現略佳。   在本研究可發現企業於操作衍生性金融商品時,對於應執行之控制政策與程序,幾乎都予以應有的注意並確實執行,這些內部控制政策與程序與公司特性間之關係並未非常顯著。可能原因之一為上市公司操作衍生性金融商品時,應遵循財政部之規定,訂定作業手冊並加以監督,故企業在此強制性之要求下,能維持一定品質之內部控制。可能原因之二為企業操作衍生性金融商品之金額通常不會太大,且交易目的多為避險,其性質較為單純,故可落實相關之內部控制制度。 / Since 1970, the exchange rate system has changed from "fixed rate" to "floating rate", and the monetary system has also changed. In order to avoid the risk of interest rate and exchange rate fluctuations, companies are increasingly using derivative financial instrument (DFI). Since DFI is fairly risky and could cause huge losses, companies must be very careful when using then. The internal controls for DFI is thus very important. This study investigates how companies use DFI and their related internal control systems. This research also provides suggestions for better internal controls for DFI. A questionnaire was used to gather data from the 141 lists firms at the Taiwan Stock Exchange, which are using DFI. The response rate is about 47.5%. (i.e., 67 questionnaires returned)   The results of the study are as follows:   (1) The larger the company is, the more kinds of DFI they are using and the longer it has been using DFI.   (2) The internal control systems are not significantly different with respect to company's industry type, total assets, net operating revenue, capital type and investment conditions.   (3) For risk assessment and control activities, joint-venture companies outperforms Taiwanese companies in managing market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. In monitoring DFI, companies that have outside investments outperforms those that don't.   (4) Companies do follow internal control procedures when are using DFI. These control procedures are not significantly related to companies' characteristics. One of the possible reasons is that they are forced to follow regulations set by the Securities and Fu ture Commission. Another reason is the amount of DFI they transact is usually not large, therefore they can enforce their DFI-related internal control procedures.
15

匯率避險、公司治理與盈餘資訊內涵關聯性之研究 / A study on the association among foreign exchange rate exposure hedging, corporate governance, and information content of earnings

朱全斌, Chu, Chuan-Pin Unknown Date (has links)
台灣對國際貿易市場依賴程度極高,總體經濟環境極易受到國際經濟變數的影響,其中尤以匯率的變動,係我國進出口貿易最直接並重要的影響因素之一。為了生產及銷售競爭之需要,我國企業積極對海外投資並設立海外子公司或據點以進行國際分工,企業的國際化更加重所面臨匯率波動所產生的外匯暴露。 本研究基於我國企業面對的外匯暴露程度,探討影響我國企業外匯暴露及操作衍生性金融商品規避外匯暴露的公司治理因素,並針對外匯避險是否具有盈餘資訊內涵進行研討,具體而言,本研究將探討下列問題: 一、操作衍生性金融商品規避外匯暴露與外匯暴露程度的關聯性; 二、公司治理對操作衍生性金融商品規避外匯暴露的影響程度; 三、操作衍生性金融商品規避外匯暴露是否具有資訊內涵。 本研究的結果發現,操作衍生性金融商品係有助於規避外匯風險;而公司治理中的董事能力及董事會的獨立性則對我國企業在是否選擇操作衍生性金融商品避險時,有重大影響力。基於外匯暴露是我國企業普遍面臨的風險,上述結果應有助於我國企業在面對外匯風險時,決定是否採用衍生性金融商品規避外匯風險上,有一定的助益。本研究並發現企業操作衍生性金融商品避險是具有盈餘資訊內涵的,此對文獻中較少針對企業面對風險的避險決策是否對股票報酬有所影響的議題,可作為該領域研究方向及結果的補強。 / Due to an extremely high level of dependence on international trade, the macroeconomic environment in Taiwan is affected by international economic variables deeply. Particularly, the change of foreign exchange rates is one of the most direct and significant factors for the international trade of Taiwan. Further, the internationalization of local enterprises by actively expanding their investment internationally and setting up overseas subsidiaries makes these enterprises suffer more from the exposure of foreign exchange rate fluctuations. This study therefore investigates the following issues: 1. The association between hedging foreign exchange rate fluctuation by derivatives and the foreign exchange rate exposure. 2. The impact of corporate governance on the hedging decisions of the management. 3. Is there any information content of the hedging against foreign exchange rate exposure? The results of this study show that: (1) The hedging against foreign exchange rate fluctuation by derivatives decreases the foreign exchange rate exposure; (2) Two of corporate governance factors namely finance expertise and independence of the board of directors have significant effects on the hedging decisions; and (3) Hedging against the foreign exchange rate fluctuation by derivatives provides information content of earnings. This study contributes to the practice and the academics in the following ways: (1) As an aid for the management to decide whether to hedge against foreign exchange rate fluctuation by derivatives when facing foreign exchange rate exposure; (2) As an extension of the literature on the association between hedging decisions and the stock returns.
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由新巴塞爾資本協定探討銀行市場風險管理系統之建置與應用 / A Study on the Construction and Implementation of A Bank Market Risk System under Basel II

陳星宏, Chen,hsing hung Unknown Date (has links)
鑒於金融市場快速的變動與日趨複雜之金融商品種類,銀行經營管理中所面臨之風險,尤以因金融市場價格變動(如市場利率、匯率、股價及商品價格之變動)造成對銀行資產負債表內及表外部位可能產生之損失,其所因應而生之市場風險須及時管控與適時因應。然而2007年因次級房貸問題引發全球性金融危機,益加彰顯風險管理制度的重要性與其再精進之處。 本研究期能藉由新巴塞爾資本協定中市場風險管理規範的探討,個案銀行之實例探究,對國內銀行在建構符合其需要的市場風險管理系統時有所助益,在建置市場風險管理系統的考量因素以及該系統的建置與應用,循序周全建構質化與量化標準之風險管理機制。 本研究由新巴塞爾資本協定規範探討銀行市場風險管理系統建置與其實際應用,歸納出研究結論顯示,市場風險管理系統架構之依循須能符合新巴塞爾資本協定之基本規範,藉由系統內建模型計算風險值以有效衡量交易簿與銀行簿之部位,及其利率、權益證券、外匯及商品四大類風險因子。市場風險管理系統需求規畫與評估,須就應用面(系統相關模組功能)、資料面(系統執行所需資料及存取介面、資料庫建置及資料完整性)與技術面(系統運作之軟體與硬體環境)予以考量。系統專案建置須有高階管理階層對市場風險管理系統專案相關執行程序的支持,前檯、中檯、後檯、資訊單位主管之配合與溝通協調。市場風險管理系統架構應考量市場風險限額管理須至各交易層級(如總行別、部門單位別、交易簿與銀行簿產品別等),因此系統功能模組設定與管理報表規畫設計則配合系統架構分級建立。市場風險管理制度之建立,應配合市場風險管理系統之應用與管理流程結合,訂定相關管理辦法,以規範市場風險管控機制運作及程序之確實執行。 關鍵字:新巴塞爾資本協定、市場風險、衍生性金融商品、風險值 / Recently, financial market is changed quickly and types of product are more and more complicated. Operation of Bank faces many risks that are losses of in or out balance sheet by price moving. Therefore, we need to manage and monitor the market risks that result from change in interest rate, exchange rate, equity price, commodity price in the time. In 2007, global financial crisis caused by subprime mortgage storm stands out the importance of risk management and needs of improving it. On one hand, this research hopes to benefit banks to build up its market risk system satisfied the need by discussing market risk management under Basel II and looking into case study on the bank. While constructing the system, we have to pay attention to its practicability which meets standards of quantification and quality. On the other hand, this research discusses system built up and reality applying through Basel II and indicates some useful conclusion. At first, market risk system not only meets mainly criteria under Basel II but creats the value at risk (VaR) which can effectively estimate interest rate, securities, foreign exchange and commodities risks.Secondly, technology of applying, data and information should be considered into when evaluating the demands of market risk management system. Moreover, risk system constructed needs support from senior management team and cooperation between relative departments. Besides, we need to take into account whether this mentioned system can implement market risk limit management to every transaction class, for example, trading books ,banking books, product type…etc.The system function and the management reports could be able to operate with the market risk limit management, accordingly. Most of all, market risk management regulation should be thought over the application and management process of market risk management system to make sure that market risk management could be implemented certainly. Keywords: New Basel Capital Accord, Market Risk, Derivatives,Value at Risk
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金融商品課稅方式之探討

鄭育玲 Unknown Date (has links)
我國衍生性金融商品,由於政府對於金融業者承作業務的逐步開放,使得此類商品種類漸趨多樣化,發展也愈來愈成熟。但現行稅務法令對於衍生性商品的課稅方式,由於其契約內容多變,使得稅法無從對此類商品制定出一致性的架構,進而使業者及投資人無法預期可能的課稅方式,以為我國相關稅制似乎毫無章法,全憑財政部認定。藉由本文,希望能整理出我國稅法對於衍生性金融商品的課稅規定。因我國停徵證券交易所得稅,使得部分標準化之新金融商品幾乎不課徵所得稅,而以交易稅代替,故本文主要以所得稅及交易稅的討論為主。 首先,在研究衍生性金融商品課稅方式的過程當中,發現期貨的課稅方式,與其現貨息息相關,現貨即股票和債券等等金融商品。其次,發現有許多人,誤解證券交易所得稅的停徵範圍,以為短期票券有其適用。第三,因為債券利息所得稅之稽徵方式出現問題,使得投資人可藉由債券附條件交易而避稅,進一步引起利息所得和證券交易所得混淆之爭議,因此本文的討論擴及金融商品,而非侷限於衍生性金融商品。 本篇文章首先將對我國關於金融商品的稅法架構做一整理,包括所得稅,證券交易稅,期貨交易稅等等,主要以所得稅及交易稅為主。其次介紹幾個重要的金融商品的課稅方式,特別是有爭議的部分,並希望藉此將金融商品在稅務法令上的架構浮現出來。第三介紹美國對於金融商品的課稅方式,金融交易日新月異,許多交易無法被規範於原本的稅法架構之下,故有關當局必須有所因應。我們在此將發現,由於美國對於金融商品課徵所得稅,因此稅額的計算及課稅時點的考量遠比台灣細緻而複雜。 以全文的討論看來,有下列幾點結論:一、我國債券利息所得課稅方式,將影響債券類金融商品的發展。二、證券交易所得免稅的影響深遠,如今在免稅的架構下所延伸的金融商品課稅方式,將使未來恢復課徵證券交易所得稅的困難度提高,我國所得稅制可能將永遠存在此一缺口。三、所得稅之稽徵方式,遠比交易稅複雜。四、我國目前不需採市價結算法,對未實現損益課稅。五、金融商品課稅方式無法統一規範,只能零碎因應,不同金融商品之問題各異,故一商品、一稅制的問題恐怕無法避免。
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新巴塞爾資本協定與衍生性金融商品操作影響本國銀行業經營效率之實證研究-應用資料包絡分析法 / Research for the efficiency in domestic banking industry with a view of regarding Basel II and derivatives products-An application of DEA approach

許郁甄 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,由於金融產業的進步與科技的日新月異,越來越多樣的衍生性金融商品被廣泛使用,此類具有高獲利高槓桿的金融商品固然有避險的功能,另一方面也提高了銀行業的經營風險。巴塞爾委員會有鑑於此,大幅更動了早期巴塞爾資本協定的內容,稱為Basel II。 Basel II 的資本適足管制雖能避免金融機構發生倒閉之危機,但卻也影響金融機構之產出結構及品質,改變了金融機構之效率表現,因此,瞭解 Basel II 對金融機構效率表現之影響程度是本文目的之ㄧ,此外,有鑑於衍生性金融商品的高風險特性,本研究也將此變數加入,探討此兩項變數對本國銀行經營效率的影響為何。 本研究以資本適足率與衍生性商品使用量作為外生變數,以國內32家銀行為樣本,利用民國九十七年底之資料,採取三階段資料包絡分析法探討此兩項變數對銀行經營績效的影響。首先求算第一階段效率值,接下來考量資料截斷的特性,採用 Tobit 迴歸模型,計算差額變數並做調整,在第三階段排除其影響力,使所有決策單位在同一起跑點上再進行效率評估。 實證結果發現,資本適足率對於銀行效率的影響是有利的,而衍生性金融商品使用量則為不利因素,第一階段與第三階段的效率值在利用Wilcoxon 符號等級檢定之後的結果顯示第一階段與第三階段的效率值分布在0.5%的顯著水準下是不相同的,可進一步推論資本適足率與衍生性金融商品的使用量對銀行經營效率的影響十分顯著。

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