本論文首先從三個面向討論中文對話中的主題不連續現象。第一、當說話者改變主題的時候，停頓較長、話語的自我修正較多，且很少被打斷。第二、說話者可以直接進入新的主題，或者在談論新主題之前提供一些背景訊息。最常使用來引介新主題的是問句，因為說話者可以藉由提出問題邀請其他人一起討論新話題。第三、說話者在開啟話題時通常會利用各種情境資源，包括周遭的環境、說話者共有的背景知識以及在前文談論過的人、事、時、地、物。目前的語料顯示大多數的新主題都與前文有某種程度的關聯。 研究結果亦指出不同層次的對話主題之差異。當說話者引介最高階的對話主題時，他們傾向使用共有的背景知識，並在主題改變的地方提供背景訊息; 他們的話語有較長的停頓和較多自我修正的情境;。相較之下，在開啟其他階層的對話主題時，說話者較常利用前文出現過的訊息，且不傾向在話題一開始的時候提供背景訊息; 他們的話語也較流暢。然而，不同層次的對話主題也有一些共通點。例如，在各個階層中，說話者普遍使用問句引介新話題，而當他們利用前文的訊息改變話題時，新的主題通常和前一個主題有相同的指示對象。 / The present study aims at investigating topic discontinuity in Chinese daily conversations. This pragmatic phenomenon is discussed from three perspectives. First, since changing topics requires more cognitive effort, the speaker who initiates the change is likely to produce longer pauses and repairing utterances, and is fairly unlikely to be overlapped. Second, the speaker can move to a new topic directly, or orient a new topic in various ways. Questions are the most common backgrounded clauses at the topic-shift boundary because they function to invite other speakers to join the new subject. Third, the speaker most frequently draws on some contextual resource to guide other speakers into conversing about the new topic. The most common way is by recycling the prior text. Speech disfluency, grounding, and contextual resources are also found to distinguish various levels of conversational topics. The highest level of conversational topics are usually grounded in general background knowledge, produced with more disfluency, and tend to begin with background information. The other levels of conversational topics, however, are more likely to arise from prior text, more fluently brought up, and do not use background information more often than foreground information at the topic-initial position. Despite the above-mentioned differences, the various levels of conversational topics are similar in several aspects. For example, backgrounded clauses at the topic-shift boundary are mainly questions; topics grounded in prior text predominantly maintain referential continuity across the topical boundary

民國八十八年刑法修正，象徵刑法處罰性犯罪行為，所保護的法益已經由過去的貞操走向性自主權。然而貞操所捍衛的性資源獨佔意識與性自主權內涵中的自主、自決精神相抵觸的情形，依然存在於局部的刑法性犯罪刑事立法規範體系中。例如以刑法處罰通姦、性交易、媒介性交易、公然猥褻、散步猥褻物品等行為，是否與保障個人性自主權的精神有所違背，不無疑問！本論文的研究即以此為出發點，以性自主權的保障為核心，全面檢討民國八十八年刑法修正後的性犯罪刑事立法規範。

近年來在民眾對醫療品質與醫療可近性的需求下，聯合執業經營模式開始發展，一些學者專家亦積極提倡聯合執業的模式；聯合執業一來可以提高醫療服務品質，二來可達到規模經濟，尤其在台灣全民健保與醫藥分家的制度下，因此它的存在與成長是可預期的。 由於國內實施聯合執業所累積的實際經驗少，且學者對聯合執業的研究也不多，更無聯合執業創業面的研究；故本研究擬透過創業管理模式的學理架構，以機會、團隊和資源三面向，分析基層醫療之診所，探討如何由單獨執業型態轉型為聯合診所，同時藉由「營業範疇的界定與調整」、「核心資源的創造與累積」「及事業網絡的建構與強化」三構面進行交叉驗證以供後續有意成立聯合診所經營參考之用。 / In recent years, primary care group practice has been initiated in Taiwan to meet the strong demands of society on high quality and easy accessibility of medical care. Many scholars and experts also actively promote the idea of clinical group practice model because it can not only improve the levels of medical care, but can also achieve an economical scale. The latter reason is especially important in the current era of the National Health Insurance and the split system of medical care and pharmacy. We may expect the rapid growth of the group practice model in the near future. Based on the fact that experience and researches on clinical group practice is lacking in Taiwan, especially there has been no entrepreneurial process study on clinical group practice, an entrepreneurship management model, the Timmons model, is applied to study how private clinical practice can be turned into clinical group practice. The study consists of three approaches: opportunity, resource, and team. It will be cross-verified by business scope, core resources and relationship network. This study will be valuable to the people who wishe to establish the group practice business.

在歷經開發報禁、有線電視市場興起和網路時代來臨這種種的內外環境的衝擊與變革之後，在21世紀迎接台灣報業的，是看來一場比一場嚴苛的考驗，對外，要不斷提升自身的市場價值，對內，則必須持續的降低成本，更重要的，當經營者意識到市場的基盤有了結構性的變革時，以報業本身的核心資源來發展新營收模式也就成了中外報業經營者共同的重要策略方向。 創辦超過半世紀，佈局全球的聯合報系自2000年前後開始進入另一段全新的戰鬥時期，除了報業的原有競爭對手，更有電波媒體前力分食讀者與廣告各項資源，於是「定位」、「開源」、「節流」就成了這個全球最大民營報業集團的三大轉型手段。 在「定位」工作上，聯合報系開始把競爭對手的範疇擴大到報業之外，甚至把有線電視媒體都設定成競爭對手，同時利用內外整合的方式，把自己從原先的「報業」定位上移到到「知識加值服務業」。 在「開源」工作上，聯合報系加強早年已經開始著手的積極爭取業外營收，進一步的爭取各共重大公共活動的標案與主辦，同時更利用既有的種種核心資源，鼓勵員工多想點子以帶進更多營收。 在「節流」的工作上，除了持續檢討人力，更引進e化工程提高各單位的工作效率。 回顧這幾年聯合報系的發展過程中，許多運作其實都印證了策略管理理論中關於「核心資源」與「動態能耐」的討論內涵，其中又以「2004年台灣花卉博覽會」為最具代表性的創新行動。 本研究發現，聯合報系在花博會中的創新行動中歷經了「事業機會發現」、「資源開採」、「打破組織常規」、「資源整合創新」等策略議題內容，可視為台灣報業為尋求新發展方向一次代表性的創新嚐試，其中的機會與挑戰將不會是單一且暫時性的，本研究的相關結論，或可期為未來台灣媒體產業思考未來發展的參考。 / After pass through the big wave of the “Deregulation of newspaper” 、”Cable TV shocking” and “Internet booming” which all make the newspaper industry dramatically transformation, for newspaper company in Taiwan ,the road ahead is the uncountable tough challenge. So no matter what local and worldwide, all the newspaper company make the effort for both side work so call “cost down” and “value up”, most strategy are focus on the two way necessary , root on the core competence and expands business scope, for this, the company needs to make inner innovative activity , both to relocate resource and structuralize new ability , just like to provide the news service on the web , or the database searching even to start up some new business。 The UDNgroup is the largest private news group in the Chinese world , from about ten years ago in Tawian (UDNgroup headquarter) the company has doing many changing in business operation which is all lock in “ repositioning” 、”expand income resource” 、”cost cut” these three dimension. Especially , in the 2004, UDNgroup as a main business partner of the government of Chiang Hwa county(彰化縣政府) to initial the「2004TFE(Taiwan Flower Expo)」，in this cooperation , UDNgroup has showing many capability of strategy management to decompose the some inner resource and then reassemble some new resource and capability for the TFE. This research is the case study between strategy management of UDNgroup and TFE, to find and understand how can UDNgroup to make a good job in the TFE? And the focus is to know about the factor of “Dynamic Capability” .

為能落實教育公平競爭原則，縮短城鄉教育資源落差，教育部於二○○二年暑假期間辦理了名為「魔速英語夏令營」的偏遠學校遠距教學活動，這是我國首次運用衛星從事現場直播教學，並搭配數位學習平台功能，讓各地的偏遠學生都能透過教室的投影幕上課，這樣的教學模式，除了讓各地學生能夠同步接觸到一致的教學內容外，學生也可以和教師同步做視訊即時互動與溝通；「魔速英語夏令營」教學實驗案結束後受到各界好評與關注，總計全國有超過1,500位偏遠地區學生因而受惠。本研究即是以運用「衛星互動電視」提供「遠距同步視訊教學」目的為探討起始，輔以「魔速英語夏令營」個案，試圖了解目前直播衛星電視應用於遠距教學的發展方式，再透過檢視影音互動教學的效益，來審視運用新科技來平衡城鄉教育資源落差的可能性；而為求研究結果周延與客觀，本研究除了廣泛蒐集閱讀相關文獻、專論、中外期刊及書籍之外，並採用「參與觀察」、「文獻分析」、「個案研究」以及「次級資料引用與整理」等研究方法進行探究，進而取得在理論與實務上的具體建議。 本研究取得之結論為：（一）持續運用「衛星互動電視」可以逐漸改善城鄉教育資源落差：利用直播衛星將節目覆蓋至最廣的區域，在技術層面上可以使得偏遠地區取得教育普及的公平性。（二）施行「遠距同步視訊教學」對偏遠地區的教學資源確有改善，學生可以接觸到與都會學校同步的最新教材內容，縮短與城鄉之間的教育差距。（三）遠距教學透過多媒體輔助教學的方式可以受到師生的接受，透過真人現場實況的指導以及同步影音教學平台的機制，可以提高學習的效果。（四）、衛星搭配網路架構下的互動教學方式成本低、效益大，而且是極為簡約可行的互動教學方式。而本研究針對平衡「城鄉教育資源差距」之具體建議為：（一）整合教育資源，製播「遠距同步視訊教學」課程，並針對特定的課程，擴大實驗範疇。（二）強化「遠距同步視訊教學共通平台」之具體優勢，落實於教育單位或是學習環境之中，並規範進程，達到均衡教育資源的目標。 關鍵詞：互動電視、直播衛星、教育資源落差、遠距教學、數位學習 / Interactive Satellite Television as a Solution to Redeem the Educational Resources Disparity between Urban and Rural Areas－A Case Study by a Simultaneous Distance Learning Project "Magic English Camp" This thesis was based on simultaneous distance learning made possible through “Interactive Satellite TV” and the “Magic English Camp” case-study to investigate development of the convergence of satellite television and distance learning. By evaluating this case-study of interactive virtual video pedagogy, the project intended to identify and understand how new technologies can “equilibrate” the digital divide between urban and rural areas. As an employee of ERA Digital Media Corporation, the author was able to take part in the preparation of The Magic English Camp event program and closely follow its evolution and outcome. In order to pursue comprehensive and objective results, this project required extensive research and work on journals, periodicals, publications etc. Furthermore, this project conducted "Participant Observation", "Literature Analysis" and "Secondary Research" methodology along with "Case Study Analysis" for both theoretical and practical concrete suggestions. To sum up, the results of this thesis indicate the following: 1. continuously to use the “Interactive Satellite TV” can step-by-step to improve the educational resource disparity in urban and rural area. 2. Simultaneous Distance learning leveled the playing field for children in rural areas who were now able to benefit both from advanced educational material and the teaching of native English-speakers. 3. The effect of multi-media pedagogy is significant. Real-time instruction and simultaneous visual and audio pedagogy captured attention, motivated learning and increased learning efficiency. 4. It is easier to build the “Interactive Satellite TV system” that could be used repeatedly. With high speed mass data transmission as a characteristic and priority, satellite and internet made it possible to establish a “Simultaneous Distance learning Platform” thus making it more facile to access instruction for students without geographic limitations. Moreover, there are two suggestions for this research: 1. Combine the most of educational resources and to produce the synchronous video-information courses for the people. 2. To build up the distance learning platform for everyone students in the whole environment, and standardize the process to reach the goal of educational resources of equilibrium. Keyword(s): Educational resources, e-Learning, Interactive TV, Satellite.

組織如何佈置夥伴關係是近年來學者們熱烈討論的議題。對於出口商而言，阻礙夥伴間的溝通是否可以維持本身的居中地位呢？當全球競爭壓力日趨升高，部分出口商開始思考阻礙其所連結夥伴間的溝通，也許不是唯一的策略，而是應強調如何厚植實力、尋求生存利基。 本研究即是探討焦點廠（出口商）於建構夥伴關係時，可能採用隔離夥伴間溝通的策略或是降低隔離程度讓夥伴間互相溝通的策略呢？又隔離夥伴間的溝通對於焦點廠居中地位之影響為何？以及焦點廠之資源是否會影響隔離程度對於焦點廠居中地位之關係，使得焦點廠可以不需使用隔離程度，亦能維持其居中地位？此外，夥伴間的合作關係是為了共創價值，焦點廠資源是否會影響隔離程度與製造績效之關係？ 本研究以焦點廠為中心，三方關係為分析單位（焦點廠與國外客戶、國內供應商的關係；焦點廠與兩家國內供應商間的關係），討論統治機制（隔離程度）應與資源配合，也就是隔離程度對焦點廠居中地位之影響，及焦點廠資源對隔離程度與居中地位、夥伴間關係滿意度、製造績效之關係的影響。 經由實證分析，本研究有下列推論：（1）隔離與居中地位（資訊利益、控制利益）有正向相關。（2）當焦點廠資源愈高，隔離與居中地位之正向關係愈低。（3）隔離與夥伴間關係滿意度有負向關係。（4）焦點廠資源愈高或供應商之技術愈內隱、複雜時，愈降低隔離程度，愈能增加製造績效。（5）焦點廠資源與居中地位、夥伴間關係滿意度、製造績效有正向關係。（6）焦點廠資源愈高且供應商之技術愈複雜時，愈降低隔離程度，愈能增加製造績效。

知識基礎學說認為掌握知識基礎資源，就可以讓績效提升，但忽略了組織如何運用知識的因素，Wiklund & Shepherd（2003）認為創業導向可代表組織運作的方式，恰可用來解釋企業掌握並利用知識基礎資源的成效。本研究以台灣的中小企業為主，探討知識基礎資源對於經營績效的影響，進一步探討組織的創業導向程度，和組織所處環境的變動程度是否會影響知識基礎資源和經營績效的關係。 本研究採用問卷調查的方式，針對1297個中小企業發放問卷，共計回收128份，回收率9.9%。 結果發現： 一、企業的知識基礎資源會影響公司經營績效 二、創業導向程度不同會影響公司經營績效 三、創業導向的程度正向影響知識基礎資源對經營績效的關係 四、環境的變動正向影響知識基礎資源對經營績效的關係 企業的知識基礎資源和創業導向均會影響經營績效，且創業導向和環境變動也均會對知識基礎資源和經營績效產生正向關係。

The traditional explanation of the rapprochement between China and ASEAN has two elements: China is securing a peaceful environment to implement its strategy of ‘develop first’, and/or China is engaging in courtship for the ASEAN countries out of strategic considerations, i.e. increasing control of its periphery. In contrary to these traditional perspectives, this study argues that the intensifying of cooperation between China and ASEAN is much more an expression of the recognition of asymmetrical dependencies than of calculated foreign policy decisions. This perspective not only enriches the understanding of current regional political processes but also leads to different expectations regarding the stability and future direction of ASEAN – China relations. Two issue areas have been selected to illustrate the asymmetrical dependencies and the resulting political processes between ASEAN and China. It has been found that both the ASEAN countries and China have accommodated to asymmetrical interdependence by engaging in pay-offs in areas of relative power. China has not been able to use its relative power in the economic and military area to impose its will in other areas of ASEAN-China relations. The bargaining has taken place within the existing ASEAN institutions. In their concrete rules and conventions lies considerable power. This explains the intensive bargaining regarding the importance of competing international organizations, not only in the Mekong River Basin, but also in broader regional politics. The ASEAN countries are in a favorable position, being in the center of these institutions, but China as a latecomer to many of the regional institutions is trying to renegotiate them. Further research is therefore indicated to better understand how the ASEAN countries and China are going to trade off potential gains from international cooperation and the loss of sovereign policy making power.

身為大量消費的現代人，不得不關切垃圾何去何從。以往垃圾問題源自於焚化或掩埋兩法皆會損耗大量的環境成本及引起利益團體抗爭，造成社會無謂的損失，受世界環保潮流影響，我國政府決定從降低垃圾量著手。 垃圾減量從垃圾分類做起，方便後續的資源回收。我國自民國94年1月1日起，強制台灣10個縣市的民眾進行垃圾分類，成為我國少數未全國同步施行的中央政策。本研究引進多用於公共衛生、醫療等自然實驗的計量方法—差異中的差異(Difference-in-Difference，簡稱DID)來探討屬於社會科學領域的政府政策，檢驗該政策是否達到其制訂之目標。 本研究將台灣第一階段便實施強制政策的10個縣市當作實驗組，4個第二階段才全面實施的縣市作為控制組，在控制了各縣市的平均每月家戶所得、高等教育程度、清運人員、垃圾車數量等變數後，分別去分析政策對每人每日垃圾清運量、每人每日資源回收量、每人每日資源回收量相對於垃圾清運量比例三者的影響，觀察政策對於降低垃圾清運量、提高資源回收量的政策目的是否有效。 結果發現，我國隨時間經過，垃圾清運量降低、資源回收量提高，但由於主要探討的政策係數並不顯著，所以我國垃圾清運、資源回收情形的改善，是否起因於強制垃圾分類政策造成，沒有明確證據。 / Modern-day life consumes far greater resources than ever and, thus must be concerned about the “problems of trash.” Traditionally, government officials have adopted landfill and incineration policies to dispose of this municipal waste. Yet these two measures come with large social and environmental costs. In keeping with international trends toward environmental protection, the Environmental Protection Administration of the Republic of China has decided to solve the problems by fundamentally reducing the volume of municipal waste. In order to decrease the volume of waste and increase the recycled, the first phase of the “Compulsory Trash-Sorting Policy” was implemented in 10 localities on Jan. 1, 2005, with additional counties brought on board in later phases. This policy is one of the few policies that are not implemented island-wide in Taiwan. This study adopts the “Difference-in-Difference” approach—a popular research method in the field of public health, medical caring and natural sciences—to evaluate the effectiveness of this policy. The 10 counties where the first phase of the policy was successful is the “treatment group.” Another 4 counties where the second phase of policy was successful is the “control group.” This study takes into account monthly per family income, average level of higher education, number of street-sweepers and trash-haulers, and the trash trucks as the exogenous variables. This study calculates the changes in per capita daily volume of municipal waste and per capital daily volume of recycled materials to determine the success of the policy. This study concludes that the volume of the municipal waste and increases the recycled materials decreases by time; however the actual effect is still vague because the coefficient of policy in this study remains insignificant. Therefore, it is only certain that the campaign for “trash-sorting” works better with time. No evident linkage exists between recycling and the “Compulsory Trash-Sorting Policy.”

隨著全球紡織品區域經濟與貿易障礙的崛起，研究機構檢測與驗證服務似乎已創造另一片新興市場，儼然成為另一股與國際知名商品檢驗公司如ITS, SGS, TUV等相互抗衡、分食全球檢測與驗證市場的勢力。研究機構的成立當初幾乎都是配合政府政策推動而投入策略性資源，運用高級研究人員，以執行相關計畫。惟隨著策略性計畫的結束，政府預算的刪減，研究機構不再繼續獲得政府經費的支援，必須藉由過去累積的核心資源與相關研究成果轉化為自主營運業務來源。尤其在檢測與驗證服務方面，研究機構基於所累積的能量，積極爭取認證授權成為區域經濟或政府單位指定的檢驗機構，如歐盟環保標章Oeko-tex 100與個人防護裝備(PPE) CE驗證。本研究旨在探討幾個研究機構轉型的案例，分析英國、法國、德國、日本聞名國際的紡織研究機構檢測與驗證服務資源與核心能力建置過程、成長策略與海外據點佈局，期盼這些機構的發展的經驗能夠作為我國財團法人研究機構紡織產業綜合研究所(簡稱紡織所)及亞太地區類似研究機構學習的典範。 本研究以文獻探討及個案研究方式進行。資源基礎建置主要依據Barney (1991)、Grant (1991)、 Peteraf (1993) 及Collis & Montgomery (1997)對於資源的論述，來分析個案研究機構如何建立其有形與無形資產，以及獨特專屬的核心能力；成長策略主要是依據Daniels (1983)之成長向量分析法，採取九種不同的策略與選擇，來分析四家國際個案研究機構與紡織所成長軌跡與策略。 四個個案檢測與驗證服務的共通特色與差異性進一步加以整理比較，成長軌跡與策略也嘗試一起作比較。此外，本研究並歸納整理研究機構的關鍵成功因素及營運績效衡量指標。經過以上研究機構分析與整體比較，本研究獲得結論如下： (一) 研究機構檢測驗證服務關鍵成功因素： 1. 公信力與知名度 2. 核心能力與關鍵技術的建立 3. 研發創新能力 4. 高階主管的經營能力與企圖心 5. 海外據點佈局程度 (二) 研究機構必須維持一定比例的研究計畫，以持續創新與研發能力。 (三) 研究機構的人才培訓是營運收入重要來源之一，研究機構具有一定程度的理論與實務應用，具有高學歷人才與豐富實務經驗，因此對於業界的實務應用幫助頗大，且提供訓練課程可維持固定收入。 (四) 研究機構必須具有高度檢測設備開發能力與主導國際規範制訂能力。 (五) 研究機構主管具有身兼研發與自主業務經營管理雙重功能角色。 (六) 國內穩定成熟檢測與驗證技術應開拓海外市場以創造剩餘價值。 (七) 研究機構必須開創自願性品質標籤或標章為目標。 研究機構檢測與驗證服務營運績效衡量指標主要有下列五項： (一) 營運收入中來自政府與業界比率。 (二) 單位人均產值。 (三) 國內與海外分部據點多寡。 (四) 主導國際標準項目。 (五) 自創品質標籤項目與推廣地區。