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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
211

台灣垃圾強制分類政策的成效實證分析

郭敏華, Kuo, Min-Hua Unknown Date (has links)
身為大量消費的現代人,不得不關切垃圾何去何從。以往垃圾問題源自於焚化或掩埋兩法皆會損耗大量的環境成本及引起利益團體抗爭,造成社會無謂的損失,受世界環保潮流影響,我國政府決定從降低垃圾量著手。 垃圾減量從垃圾分類做起,方便後續的資源回收。我國自民國94年1月1日起,強制台灣10個縣市的民眾進行垃圾分類,成為我國少數未全國同步施行的中央政策。本研究引進多用於公共衛生、醫療等自然實驗的計量方法—差異中的差異(Difference-in-Difference,簡稱DID)來探討屬於社會科學領域的政府政策,檢驗該政策是否達到其制訂之目標。 本研究將台灣第一階段便實施強制政策的10個縣市當作實驗組,4個第二階段才全面實施的縣市作為控制組,在控制了各縣市的平均每月家戶所得、高等教育程度、清運人員、垃圾車數量等變數後,分別去分析政策對每人每日垃圾清運量、每人每日資源回收量、每人每日資源回收量相對於垃圾清運量比例三者的影響,觀察政策對於降低垃圾清運量、提高資源回收量的政策目的是否有效。 結果發現,我國隨時間經過,垃圾清運量降低、資源回收量提高,但由於主要探討的政策係數並不顯著,所以我國垃圾清運、資源回收情形的改善,是否起因於強制垃圾分類政策造成,沒有明確證據。 / Modern-day life consumes far greater resources than ever and, thus must be concerned about the “problems of trash.” Traditionally, government officials have adopted landfill and incineration policies to dispose of this municipal waste. Yet these two measures come with large social and environmental costs. In keeping with international trends toward environmental protection, the Environmental Protection Administration of the Republic of China has decided to solve the problems by fundamentally reducing the volume of municipal waste. In order to decrease the volume of waste and increase the recycled, the first phase of the “Compulsory Trash-Sorting Policy” was implemented in 10 localities on Jan. 1, 2005, with additional counties brought on board in later phases. This policy is one of the few policies that are not implemented island-wide in Taiwan. This study adopts the “Difference-in-Difference” approach—a popular research method in the field of public health, medical caring and natural sciences—to evaluate the effectiveness of this policy. The 10 counties where the first phase of the policy was successful is the “treatment group.” Another 4 counties where the second phase of policy was successful is the “control group.” This study takes into account monthly per family income, average level of higher education, number of street-sweepers and trash-haulers, and the trash trucks as the exogenous variables. This study calculates the changes in per capita daily volume of municipal waste and per capital daily volume of recycled materials to determine the success of the policy. This study concludes that the volume of the municipal waste and increases the recycled materials decreases by time; however the actual effect is still vague because the coefficient of policy in this study remains insignificant. Therefore, it is only certain that the campaign for “trash-sorting” works better with time. No evident linkage exists between recycling and the “Compulsory Trash-Sorting Policy.”
212

研究機構檢測與驗證服務的成長與核心能力建構之研究 / Growth and Core Competency-building in Testing and Certification Services of Research Institutes

周國村, Jou, Gwo Tsuen Unknown Date (has links)
隨著全球紡織品區域經濟與貿易障礙的崛起,研究機構檢測與驗證服務似乎已創造另一片新興市場,儼然成為另一股與國際知名商品檢驗公司如ITS, SGS, TUV等相互抗衡、分食全球檢測與驗證市場的勢力。研究機構的成立當初幾乎都是配合政府政策推動而投入策略性資源,運用高級研究人員,以執行相關計畫。惟隨著策略性計畫的結束,政府預算的刪減,研究機構不再繼續獲得政府經費的支援,必須藉由過去累積的核心資源與相關研究成果轉化為自主營運業務來源。尤其在檢測與驗證服務方面,研究機構基於所累積的能量,積極爭取認證授權成為區域經濟或政府單位指定的檢驗機構,如歐盟環保標章Oeko-tex 100與個人防護裝備(PPE) CE驗證。本研究旨在探討幾個研究機構轉型的案例,分析英國、法國、德國、日本聞名國際的紡織研究機構檢測與驗證服務資源與核心能力建置過程、成長策略與海外據點佈局,期盼這些機構的發展的經驗能夠作為我國財團法人研究機構紡織產業綜合研究所(簡稱紡織所)及亞太地區類似研究機構學習的典範。 本研究以文獻探討及個案研究方式進行。資源基礎建置主要依據Barney (1991)、Grant (1991)、 Peteraf (1993) 及Collis & Montgomery (1997)對於資源的論述,來分析個案研究機構如何建立其有形與無形資產,以及獨特專屬的核心能力;成長策略主要是依據Daniels (1983)之成長向量分析法,採取九種不同的策略與選擇,來分析四家國際個案研究機構與紡織所成長軌跡與策略。 四個個案檢測與驗證服務的共通特色與差異性進一步加以整理比較,成長軌跡與策略也嘗試一起作比較。此外,本研究並歸納整理研究機構的關鍵成功因素及營運績效衡量指標。經過以上研究機構分析與整體比較,本研究獲得結論如下: (一) 研究機構檢測驗證服務關鍵成功因素: 1. 公信力與知名度 2. 核心能力與關鍵技術的建立 3. 研發創新能力 4. 高階主管的經營能力與企圖心 5. 海外據點佈局程度 (二) 研究機構必須維持一定比例的研究計畫,以持續創新與研發能力。 (三) 研究機構的人才培訓是營運收入重要來源之一,研究機構具有一定程度的理論與實務應用,具有高學歷人才與豐富實務經驗,因此對於業界的實務應用幫助頗大,且提供訓練課程可維持固定收入。 (四) 研究機構必須具有高度檢測設備開發能力與主導國際規範制訂能力。 (五) 研究機構主管具有身兼研發與自主業務經營管理雙重功能角色。 (六) 國內穩定成熟檢測與驗證技術應開拓海外市場以創造剩餘價值。 (七) 研究機構必須開創自願性品質標籤或標章為目標。 研究機構檢測與驗證服務營運績效衡量指標主要有下列五項: (一) 營運收入中來自政府與業界比率。 (二) 單位人均產值。 (三) 國內與海外分部據點多寡。 (四) 主導國際標準項目。 (五) 自創品質標籤項目與推廣地區。
213

探討九二一地震後資源流失與因應行為對居民災後身心症狀的影響 / The effects of resources loss and coping behavior on psychological / physical symptoms after the 921 earthquake

謝孟晃 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要採用資源保存理論的壓力模式來檢驗921地震發生兩年半後,災區居民的資源流失與因應行為對身心症狀的影響,並比較不同社區組織與族群在資源流失、因應行為及身心症狀上的差異本研究主要採用問卷調查法,研究對象為南投埔里鎮居民,有效樣本共354份。受測樣本的設計分為目前住在組合屋和目前住在自己家中以及原住民和非原住民。研究工具包括「創傷後壓力反應指標問卷」、「資源流失調查表」及「因應量表」。資料的處理以相關分析、路徑分析、階層回歸分析和單因子共變數分析為主。本研究結果發現如下:(1)資源流失與逃避式的因應均能預測災區居民的身心症狀,但資源流失對身心症狀的預測要大於逃避式因應,且在四種類型的資源中,以個人資源流失的預測力最強。(2)在不同社區組織的比較中,組合屋居民出現較多身心症狀和資源的流失,且個人資源的流失和逃避式因應均是預測其身心症狀的最強變項。(2)在不同族群的比較中,原住民族群與非原住民族群在身心症狀和資源流失上沒有明顯差異,但原住民族群報告較多逃避式的因應,且逃避式的因應是預測其身心症狀的最強變項。根據研究結果,本研究對地震後的復建提出以下幾點建議:(1)減緩災難後資源的流失並增加資源的獲得。(2)社區組織的介入。(3)增強原住民族群的因應行為。 關鍵字:921地震、資源流失、因應行為、組合屋、原住民 / This study used the Conservation of Resources stress model to examine the effects of resources loss and coping behavior on psychological/physical symptoms after the 921 earthquake. And compared with the differences of resources loss, coping behavior and psychological/physical symptoms in different community organizations and races. This study was conducted by questionnaire investigation. 354 participants living in Pu-Li Town completed the questionnaires. The design of samples was distinguished between living in Temporal houses and living in own houses, and aborigines and non-aborigines. The measurements applied in this study included "Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index Questionnaire", "Resources Loss Inventory" and "Coping Scale". The obtained data was analyzed by Pearson product-moment correlation, path analysis, hierarchical multiple regression analysis and one-way ANCOVA. The results of this study included: (1) resources loss and avoidant coping could predict psychological/physical symptoms, but resource loss predicted psychological symptoms better than avoidant coping. Personal resources were the strongest predictor among four kinds of resources. (2) In different community organizations. Temporal house's residents reported more resources loss and psychological/physical symptoms. And personal resources and avoidant coping were the strongest predictors. (3) In different races, the level of resources loss and psychological/physical symptoms were no significant differences between aborigines and non-aborigines. But aborigines revealed more avoidant coping and avoidant coping was the strongest predictor. Based on the results, some suggestions to post-earthquake rehabilitation were included: (1) Acting to limit resources loss after disaster and increase resources gain. (2) Considering the intervention of community organization. (3) Enhancing aborigine's coping behavior. Keywords: 921 earthquake, resource loss, coping behavior. Temporal houses, aborigines
214

知識管理與公務人力資源發展關係之研究--兩個個案之運作分析

張榮發, Chang, Jung-Fa Unknown Date (has links)
隨著世界經濟全球化的進展,貿易、投資和金融自由化已成為不可改變的發展大趨勢,同時伴隨資訊科技的蓬勃發展而導致「數位經濟」或「知識經濟」的出現。充斥在我們週遭的”0”與”1”不停地跳動著,資訊的傳、輸、存、送和呈現總在微瞬之間。以有限的資源,穿梭在無限的資訊流中,如何擷取有益的知識,並透過價值認知的學習過程,將之轉化為有用的知識與技術,將是競爭力良窳的關鍵所在。因此,在此時代洪流中如何體察環境變遷、科技發展脈動以及組織與員工的需求,協助員工與組織共同學習,並運用各種策略、制度或方法,以提昇績效展現其附加價值,已成為人力資源發展的重要目標,而如何透過知識管理理念的引進與落實,提高公務人力素質,更是公務人力資源發展部門最迫切的課題。 吾人知道人力資源的重要性對於公、私部門來說早已是不證自明,相關的研究與論證亦是汗牛充棟,但在知識管理與公務人力資源管理與發展結合方面卻仍無人研究,僅見少數文章之發表,甚為可惜。因此,本研究站在組織變革的角度,認為公務人力資源發展部門肩負起培育高素質公務員的責任並以傳遞知識為主要任務,本身的革新更要走在時代的前端,以身作則來標竿學習最佳管理實務,除了做好知識管理的各項流程活動外,也必須配合知識管理的三大促動因素面向來加以轉型。在經過實地訪談之後,本研究發現到個案雙方在推動知識管理的作法方面都幾乎已符合理論上的要件,算是有了蠻成熟的基礎,惟仍有一些不利因素尚待克服,所以本研究提出五個面向的建議,以作為公務人力資源發展部門在實踐知識管理時的參考。 關鍵詞:知識、知識經濟、知識管理、知識資本、實務社群、公務人力資源發展
215

非營利組織專業資源開發之研究

羅瓊玉 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究將晚晴協會的律師專業資源,視為同時具備志工與捐助者的角色,這群義務律師的專業資源,所貢獻的不僅是消極的節省組織運作的成本,更積極是,創造出有形的收益與無形的價值,因此本研究想要透過深度的訪談和系統化的資料分析,探究下列問題: 一、這些義務律師的專業資源,是否可以進行價格設算?設算的結果如何?對組織的貢獻為何?這些問題的探索,有助於讓非營利組織覺察這些專業資源對組織的影響,進而關注對專業資源的經營。 二、探索這群義務律師,貢獻其個人專業知識,參與非營利組織服務的動機、理念、過程和滿意度,並系統化記錄與分析這些寶貴的資源,作為非營利組織結合與運用專業知識與技術資源的參考。 經由研究訪談及相關資料的整理歸納,本研究針對上述問題有下列的研究發現: 一、義務律師資源確實對晚晴產生極具關鍵性且穩定的經濟效益,以及無形的價值。 二、這些經濟效益與無形價值之所以存續,關鍵因素之一,在於法律諮詢服務對義務律師的成就感與專業提升的關連性;另方面,則在於晚晴擅長運作對歸屬感、服務回饋、方案內容的設計,最後再以組織績效的提升作為對專業志工的回饋。這一系列從投入到過程運作到產出的回饋機制,成了讓義務律師持續參與、投入晚晴義務服務的最大關鍵。 研究的建議也提醒晚晴與非營利組織,應該更強化建立正式的志工溝通平台、建立核心服務的知識化機制、將專業志工視為重要的資源與價值的創造者,以便在服務的過程中運用智慧,設計出服務對象、志工、非營利組織三贏的服務模式。 關鍵詞:專業資源、非營利組織、志工、捐助者 / The purpose of this study is to decipher the lawyers’ service in Warm Life Association for Women (WLAW). Lawyer service in the WLAW has been identified as not only a volunteer service but also a donation to the association. The contribution of these professional volunteers can not only save the spending of organization activity, but also create a currency income without expense budge. After personal interviews and systematically data analysis, the study has made explanations for the issues below: First, is it possible to calculate the value of their ‘volunteer-service’? How much does it cost? How does it work in the organization? The answer to these questions can help Non-Profit-Organizations (NPOs) to notice the importance of professional-volunteer-service and begin to concern the management of professional resource. Second, to know the motivation, purpose and process and satisfaction of these volunteer lawyers and to analysis these information are important directions for NPOs in management of resource and professional knowledge. With interviews and information analysis, the study found that 1) the professional resource did create important and steady economic effects and invisible values to WLAW. 2) The reason keeps the lawyers volunteer service in the organization continually is because the law consulting service can improve lawyer’s profession ability and self-realization. In addition, WLAW brought organization-belonging, feedback of service and well designed projects to those professional-volunteers, which intriguing their loyalty to organization. The interaction has become the key mechanism to attract volunteer lawyers to join WLAW. This study also remind WLAW and other NPOs that building a formal connecting to their volunteers, creating know-how of the main service, and professional resources management are very important. The current study suggests that WLAW and other NPOs can think the view and create a service model which can benefit their clients, volunteers and organizations all. Key words:Professional Resources, Non-Profit-Organizations (NPOs), Volunteer, Donor
216

戰後新興工業化國家的技術學習和養成-以臺灣造船公司為個案分析(1948-1977)

洪紹洋 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以臺灣造船公司作為後進國家工業化發展的一個案例,觀察其如何藉由繼承日治時代地的設備和部分人力資本,在戰後引進中國大陸的技術人員,作為發展的初始點。 1950年代起,政府經由產業政策協助造船業發展,並經由美援提供資金的援助,引進國外技術發展造船。1957年政府為了快速擴大造船事業,將臺船公司租賃給美國殷格斯公司,成立殷臺公司。但由於當時臺灣工業化程度尚未成熟,加上管理營運策略的失當,最後導致虧損收場。 對臺船公司而言,最重要的轉捩點是在1965年以後引進日本石川島公司的技術,開始系統化進行造船事業。在這段時期中,臺船公司在生產面、財務面等經營指標獲得改善。然而,在自製率方面至1970年代仍然無法大幅度提高,是受限於臺灣整體工業化尚未達到成熟的原因。 在造船人力的養成方面,最初臺船公司是經由員工訓練計畫和藝徒訓練班成立,由公司內部自行訓練人才。自1950年代末期的殷臺公司時期,經由建教合作的方式於海事專科學校成立造船工程科,開始經由科班教育培養人才。1960年代與石川島公司技術合作後,臺船公司開始派遣大量員工赴日本受訓,學習造船技術。1970年代後隨著臺灣大學船模試驗槽的竣工和聯合船舶設計中心的成立後,始逐漸具備造船的研發能力。 大致上,由於造船業所需資金龐大且回收時間長,臺灣政府並未如同日本與韓國政府,提供強而有力的產業政策,協助造船業即時進行產業升級。再者,政府並未協助建立一個良好的船舶交易制度,最終使得最後臺灣造船業發展的商業成就無法取得成功。 以臺船公司的個案的研究結果而言,並不支持新古典學派以市場經濟和出口導向的假說。但是卻能夠支持修正學派的假說,政府的角色在造船業發展的支持與否,扮演著重要的角色。在技術學習方面,除了企業本身的學習與成長外,更需要政府產業政策的支持,才有可能獲得較為成功的發展。
217

在社會網路上透過Tag-Thesaurus模型達到有效的資源彙整 / Resource Aggregation via Tag-Thesaurus model on Social Web

宋昆銘 Unknown Date (has links)
我們從自然語言領域中借用Thesaurus模型作為字彙關聯的基礎,陸續加入Folksonomy概念、Social Network Service指標的蒐集以及domain-specific ontology來建構Tag-Thesaurus模型,用來解決使用一般tagging system資源彙整能力不足的問題。首先我們對將要實驗的領域選取初始字彙,並利用這些字彙建構Tag-Thesaurus模型。接著將預先準備的這些字彙釋放到社會網路服務平台的tagging system中,透過社會網路服務平台中的tagging system來蒐集使用者對於資源的平面分類資訊,利用這些資訊來對Tag-Thesaurus模型持續地擴充。透過這樣的Tag-Thesaurus模型,我們將可以獲得較佳的資源彙整。domain-specific ontology的加入將可以強化由上而下的資源彙整。而Social Network Service當中的其他資訊,如FOAF[16]或是個人的偏好等,將可以提昇個人化資源彙整的能力。這樣的結合方式不僅是ontology應用的示範,我們更希望透過這樣的混合式模型,使得Web 2.0這樣子廣泛蒐集眾人智慧的概念能夠成為跨入語意網的橋樑。 / We aggregate various resources through the Tag-Thesaurus Model. There are three parts in Tag-Thesaurus model, the Folksonomy formal model, indices collection on Social Network Service, and lightweight domain-specific ontology. The Folksnomy model reconstruct relationships between tags, and we can aggregate resources by tags. The indices collection on Social Network Service help us to decide which resource are more important. Finally, the lightweight domain-specific ontology provide the standard interface to describe the relationships between tags.
218

「新三中」跨媒體集團資源整合與綜效—以【超級星光大道】之節目策略為例 / A Research on Resources Integration and Synergies Exploiting for “Neo-San Chung” Media Conglomerate: A Case Study of the TV Show “One Million Star” Programming Strategy

邱琬淇, Chiu, Wan-Chi Unknown Date (has links)
本研究關注跨媒體集團執行資源整合與綜效化經營導向之間的策略關係,並且聚焦電視節目經營的運作範圍。主要經由深度訪談的研究途徑,旨在透過個案節目:【超級星光大道】之實務分析,作為檢視中視、中天與中時所形成的「新三中」跨媒體集團之對照,藉以探究新三中資源整合的策略意涵,以及產出的綜效價值與相關影響,同時思考跨媒體集團於電視節目市場的經營邏輯與整合模式。 研究結果指出,新三中在此節目的經營過程,並非經過系統性地研擬與完整規劃,而是呈現隨市場情勢,漸進調整的發展狀態。其中,節目的收視表現和集團政策的配合是影響資源整合策略執行的關鍵。另外在價值創造方面,不管是「行銷、營運與管理綜效」,【超級星光大道】為新三中分別都在各個細部層次帶來正向的效益成長。但本研究也發現新三中的資源整合,出現難以整合管理,並且對新聞專業義理產生衝擊,尤其為了追求綜效卻導致顧此失彼造成矛盾等反向效應,種種問題隱憂代表跨媒體集團的資源整合雖能實現正面綜效的價值,但不得忽略其同時亦能產生負面綜效的影響作用。 / This research concentrates on the interaction between implementing resources-integration and operating synergy-oriented strategies in media conglomerates, with focusing on television program management. Taking the TV show “One Million Star” as an empirical investigation with depth-interviewing approach, the study intends to analyze the media conglomerate “Neo-San Chung” which comprising CTV, CTiTV and China Times three media companies; the main purpose is to explore strategic meanings, synergy value and related influences behind the resources-integration in “Neo-San Chung”. Also, the research concerns about the governance logic and the model of integration in media market. According to the research, instead of systematic design and planning step by step, the managing process of the TV show by “Neo-San Chung” presents a changing condition varying with market circumstances. Meanwhile, the program’s performance and the conglomerate’s governance policy are crucial factors. Regarding the aspect of creating value, “One Million Star” produces advantages in each detailed layers of marketing, operating and managing synergies. However, the study notices that there are some derivative problems, such as difficulties in integrated management, conflicts in Journalism values, and especially the contradiction resulted from realizing synergy benefits. Although resources integration could bring media conglomerates positive synergy values, these problems reveal that negative synergy might arise simultaneously and become potential crisis.
219

男性公務人員育嬰留職停薪歷程研究

蘇郁雅 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在了解男性公務人員申請育嬰留職停薪之歷程,及復職或離職後的感受,並對公務人員育嬰留職停薪政策所產生的政策問題意涵加以分析討論。為有效達成上述目的,本研究採取深度訪談法,訪談10名男性公務人員申請育嬰留職停薪者, 並將所得結果詮釋及賦與意義,歸納研究發現如下: 1.男性公務人員在潛意識裡仍有性別分工之意識,然而他們也逐漸體認到性別主流化所倡導的觀念,且願意參與家務,因此性別分工論仍然存在,但似乎有鬆動的跡象。 2.男性會申請育嬰留職停薪去從事其他事務(如進修)者,多數在其原有職務上都產生疏離的現象。另外,其申請過程的順利與否,端視任職機關在機關首長的帶領下,形成的組織文化如何運作。 3.男性公務人員雖會以申請育嬰留職停薪方式從事其他活動,但應可以鼓勵代替防弊,漸進地誘導男性參與家庭來改善,並應建全托育制度,及規劃育嬰留職停薪的相關配套措施。 / This study explores the track of male public servants who took parental leaves and attempts to understand their feelings when they returned to work or resigned. Based on such understanding, the study further analyzes the problems behind parental leave policy. The author conducted in-depth interviews on ten male public servants who took parental leaves and the results of the interviews were interpreted and assigned meanings. The findings are as follows: 1.The male public servants had consciousness of division of labor by gender. However, they were aware of the concept of gender mainstreaming gradually, and were willing to participate in housekeeping. Therefore, the gender division of labor still exists, but it seems to be oscillated. 2.When the male public servants took parental leaves but did other affairs(like studies), most of them had the sense of alienation from their jobs. Besides, whether their applications for parental leaves went smooth or not depended on the culture of the organization. 3.When dealing with the problem that some male public servants take advantage of parental leaves for other purposes, instead of averting their cheating, we should encourage them to participate in family duties. Thus we can improve the situation gradually. Finally, we should amend the childcare policy and formulate supporting measures for the current parental leave policy.
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創業導向與寬裕資源對於中小企業經營績效之影響 / Influences of entrepreneurial orientation and slack resource on the performance of small and medium-size businesses

郭于鼎, Kuo, Yu Ting Unknown Date (has links)
本研究採用「策略-結構-績效典範」的觀點作為研究架構的基礎。在這樣的觀點下,組織的經營策略需與結構配合才能創造出最好的營運績效(Miller and Friesen,1982;Miles and Snow,1978 ; Mintzberg,1973)。本研究以台灣的中小企業為主,探討創業導向透過對組織寬裕資源及策略性規劃的影響,是否會進一步為中小企業事業績效帶來成長。 本研究採用問卷調查的方式,針對台灣1353個中小企業發放問卷,共計回收182份,回收率13.46%。 本研究結果發現: 1.創業導向策略會影響組織寬裕資源 2.創業導向策略會影響策略性規劃活動 3.組織寬裕資源不一定會影響組織經營績效 4.策略性規劃活動會影響組織經營績效 企業的創業導向策略對於組織寬裕資源及策略性規劃活動產生正向關係,組織寬裕資源不一定會與組織經營績效產生正向關係,策略性規劃活動對於組織經營績效產生正向關係。

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